David trained as an agricultural ecologist/entomologist, has invented and commercialized a herbicide adjuvant, managed the development and licensing of the biopesticide Green Muscle for locust control, established the spin-out company Conidia Bioscience Ltd to develop a diagnostic kit for the airline fuel fungus and realized the commercial opportunity offered by a nitrogen fixing endophytic bacteria for substitution of nitrogen fertilizer that lead to the founding of Azotic Technologies Ltd. A former MD of CABI Bioscience, David has a wealth of experience managing international science-based and commercial projects, establishing, raising funds for, and working in spin-out companies, as well advising governments and business on science, technology and innovation.

• 1: Introduction 2: Questionnaire design and target researchers 3: Results of the survey Delivery and response Type of employment of respondents 4: Research funding of respondents 5: Research Interests 6: Constraints to Biopesticide Research and Development 7: Barriers to Commercialisation 8: Differences between specialisms 9: Differences between regions 10: Discussion 11: Conclusion 12: Appendices Chapter 1: Introduction to Prioritizing Agricultural Research for Development David A. Raitzer and George W. Norton Section I: Background Tools Chapter 2: Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis (PIPA) and Research Priority Assessment B. Douthwaite, S. Alvarez, J.D.H. Keatinge, R. Mackay, G. Thiele and J. Watts Section II: Institute Level Approaches Chapter 3: Research Priority Assessment at the International Potato Center (CIP) K.O. Fuglie and G. Thiele Chapter 4: The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's (IITA) Experience in Priority Assessment of Agricultural Research V.M. Manyong, D. Sanogo and A.D. Alene Chapter 5: Priority Assessment at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR): Confronting the Challenges of a Policy Oriented Natural Resources Management Research Portfolio D.A. Raitzer Chapter 6: Research Evaluation and Priority Assessment at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT): Continuing Cycles of Learning to Improve Impacts J. Ndjeunga and C. Bantilan Chapter 7: Using Multiple Objectives in Participatory Assessment of International Livestock Research: Lessons Learned P. Kristjanson, T. Randolph, P. Thornton, R. Reid and J. Ryan Chapter 8: Priority Assessment for Rice Research in Sub-Saharan Africa A. Diagne, P. Kormawa, O. Youm, S. Keya and S. N'cho Chapter 9: Highlights of the Evolution of Priority Assessment and Targeting at the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) J. Dixon and R. La Rovere Section III: System and Regional Approaches Chapter 10: The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas' (ICARDA) Experience in Agricultural Research Priority Assessment K. Shideed, M. Solh, A. Mazid and M. El-Solh Chapter 11: Strategic Priorities for Agricultural Development in Eastern and Central Africa: A Review of the Institutional Context and Methodological Approach for Undertaking a Quantitative, Sub-Regional Assessment S. Wood and J.R. Anderson Chapter 12: Methods and Approach to Identify the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) System Priorities for Research P. Gardiner Section IV Synthesis and Ways ForwardChapter 13: Synthesis and Options for Enhanced Priority Assessment for Agricultural and Natural Resources Research G.W. Norton and D.A. Raitzer Chapter 1: Introduction to Prioritizing Agricultural Research for DevelopmentmDavid A. Raitzer and George W. Norton Section I: Background Tools Chapter 2: Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis (PIPA) and Research Priority Assessment B. Douthwaite, S. Alvarez, J.D.H. Keatinge, R. Mackay, G. Thiele and J. Watts Section II: Institute Level Approaches Chapter 3: Research Priority Assessment at the International Potato Center (CIP) K.O. Fuglie and G. Thiele Chapter 4: The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's (IITA) Experience in Priority Assessment of Agricultural Research V. M. Manyong, D. Sanogo and A. D. Alene Chapter 5: Priority Assessment at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR): Confronting the Challenges of a Policy Oriented Natural Resources Management Research Portfolio D.A. Raitzer Chapter 6: Research Evaluation and Priority Assessment at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT): Continuing Cycles of Learning to Improve Impacts J. Ndjeunga and C. Bantilan Chapter 7: Using Multiple Objectives in Participatory Assessment of International Livestock Research: Lessons Learned P. Kristjanson, T. Randolph, P. Thornton, R. Reid and J. Ryan Chapter 8: Priority Assessment for Rice Research in Sub-Saharan Africa A. Diagne, P. Kormawa, O. Youm, S. Keya and S. N'cho Chapter 9: Highlights of the Evolution of Priority Assessment and Targeting at the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) J. Dixon and R. La Rovere Section III: System and Regional Approaches Chapter 10: The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas' (ICARDA) Experience in Agricultural Research Priority Assessment K. Shideed, M. Solh, A. Mazid and M. El-Solh Chapter 11: Strategic Priorities for Agricultural Development in Eastern and Central Africa: A Review of the Institutional Context and Methodological Approach for Undertaking a Quantitative, Sub-Regional Assessment S. Wood and J.R. Anderson Chapter 12: Methods and Approach to Identify the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) System Priorities for Research P. Gardiner Section IV: Synthesis and Ways Forward Chapter 13: Synthesis and Options for Enhanced Priority Assessment for Agricultural and Natural Resources Research G.W. Norton and D.A. Raitzer Chapter 1: Introduction to Prioritizing Agricultural Research for Development D. A. Raitzer and G.W. Norton Section I: Background Tools Chapter 2: Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis (PIPA) and Research Priority Assessment B. Douthwaite, S. Alvarez, J.D.H. Keatinge, R. Mackay, G. Thiele and J. Watts Section II: Institute Level Approaches Chapter 3: Research Priority Assessment at the International Potato Center (CIP) K.O. Fuglie and G. Thiele Chapter 4: The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's (IITA) Experience in Priority Assessment of Agricultural Research V. M. Manyong, D. Sanogo and A. D. Alene Chapter 5: Priority Assessment at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR): Confronting the Challenges of a Policy Oriented Natural Resources Management Research Portfolio D. A. Raitzer Chapter 6: Research Evaluation and Priority Assessment at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT): Continuing Cycles of Learning to Improve Impacts J.Ndjeunga and C. Bantilan Chapter 7: Using Multiple Objectives in Participatory Assessment of International Livestock Research: Lessons Learned P. Kristjanson, T. Randolph, P. Thornton, R. Reid and J. Ryan Chapter 8: Priority Assessment for Rice Research in Sub-Saharan Africa A. Diagne, P. Kormawa, O. Youm, S. Keya and S. N'cho Chapter 9: Highlights of the Evolution of Priority Assessment and Targeting at the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) J. Dixon and R. La Rovere Section III: System and Regional Approaches Chapter 10: The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas' (ICARDA) Experience in Agricultural Research Priority Assessment K.Shideed, M. Solh, A. Mazid and M. El-Solh Chapter 11: Strategic Priorities for Agricultural Development in Eastern and Central Africa: A Review of the Institutional Context and Methodological Approach for Undertaking a Quantitative, Sub-Regional Assessment S.Wood and J.R. Anderson Chapter 12: Methods and Approach to Identify the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) System Priorities for Research P.Gardiner Section IV: Synthesis and Ways Forward Chapter 13: Synthesis and Options for Enhanced Priority Assessment for Agricultural and Natural Resources Research G.W. Norton and D.A. Raitzer

David trained as an agricultural ecologist/entomologist, has invented and commercialized a herbicide adjuvant, managed the development and licensing of the biopesticide Green Muscle for locust control, established the spin-out company Conidia Bioscience Ltd to develop a diagnostic kit for the airline fuel fungus and realized the commercial opportunity offered by a nitrogen fixing endophytic bacteria for substitution of nitrogen fertilizer that lead to the founding of Azotic Technologies Ltd. A former MD of CABI Bioscience, David has a wealth of experience managing international science-based and commercial projects, establishing, raising funds for, and working in spin-out companies, as well advising governments and business on science, technology and innovation.

• 1: Introduction 2: Questionnaire design and target researchers 3: Results of the survey Delivery and response Type of employment of respondents 4: Research funding of respondents 5: Research Interests 6: Constraints to Biopesticide Research and Development 7: Barriers to Commercialisation 8: Differences between specialisms 9: Differences between regions 10: Discussion 11: Conclusion 12: Appendices Chapter 1: Introduction to Prioritizing Agricultural Research for Development David A. Raitzer and George W. Norton Section I: Background Tools Chapter 2: Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis (PIPA) and Research Priority Assessment B. Douthwaite, S. Alvarez, J.D.H. Keatinge, R. Mackay, G. Thiele and J. Watts Section II: Institute Level Approaches Chapter 3: Research Priority Assessment at the International Potato Center (CIP) K.O. Fuglie and G. Thiele Chapter 4: The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's (IITA) Experience in Priority Assessment of Agricultural Research V.M. Manyong, D. Sanogo and A.D. Alene Chapter 5: Priority Assessment at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR): Confronting the Challenges of a Policy Oriented Natural Resources Management Research Portfolio D.A. Raitzer Chapter 6: Research Evaluation and Priority Assessment at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT): Continuing Cycles of Learning to Improve Impacts J. Ndjeunga and C. Bantilan Chapter 7: Using Multiple Objectives in Participatory Assessment of International Livestock Research: Lessons Learned P. Kristjanson, T. Randolph, P. Thornton, R. Reid and J. Ryan Chapter 8: Priority Assessment for Rice Research in Sub-Saharan Africa A. Diagne, P. Kormawa, O. Youm, S. Keya and S. N'cho Chapter 9: Highlights of the Evolution of Priority Assessment and Targeting at the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) J. Dixon and R. La Rovere Section III: System and Regional Approaches Chapter 10: The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas' (ICARDA) Experience in Agricultural Research Priority Assessment K. Shideed, M. Solh, A. Mazid and M. El-Solh Chapter 11: Strategic Priorities for Agricultural Development in Eastern and Central Africa: A Review of the Institutional Context and Methodological Approach for Undertaking a Quantitative, Sub-Regional Assessment S. Wood and J.R. Anderson Chapter 12: Methods and Approach to Identify the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) System Priorities for Research P. Gardiner Section IV Synthesis and Ways ForwardChapter 13: Synthesis and Options for Enhanced Priority Assessment for Agricultural and Natural Resources Research G.W. Norton and D.A. Raitzer Chapter 1: Introduction to Prioritizing Agricultural Research for DevelopmentmDavid A. Raitzer and George W. Norton Section I: Background Tools Chapter 2: Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis (PIPA) and Research Priority Assessment B. Douthwaite, S. Alvarez, J.D.H. Keatinge, R. Mackay, G. Thiele and J. Watts Section II: Institute Level Approaches Chapter 3: Research Priority Assessment at the International Potato Center (CIP) K.O. Fuglie and G. Thiele Chapter 4: The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's (IITA) Experience in Priority Assessment of Agricultural Research V. M. Manyong, D. Sanogo and A. D. Alene Chapter 5: Priority Assessment at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR): Confronting the Challenges of a Policy Oriented Natural Resources Management Research Portfolio D.A. Raitzer Chapter 6: Research Evaluation and Priority Assessment at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT): Continuing Cycles of Learning to Improve Impacts J. Ndjeunga and C. Bantilan Chapter 7: Using Multiple Objectives in Participatory Assessment of International Livestock Research: Lessons Learned P. Kristjanson, T. Randolph, P. Thornton, R. Reid and J. Ryan Chapter 8: Priority Assessment for Rice Research in Sub-Saharan Africa A. Diagne, P. Kormawa, O. Youm, S. Keya and S. N'cho Chapter 9: Highlights of the Evolution of Priority Assessment and Targeting at the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) J. Dixon and R. La Rovere Section III: System and Regional Approaches Chapter 10: The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas' (ICARDA) Experience in Agricultural Research Priority Assessment K. Shideed, M. Solh, A. Mazid and M. El-Solh Chapter 11: Strategic Priorities for Agricultural Development in Eastern and Central Africa: A Review of the Institutional Context and Methodological Approach for Undertaking a Quantitative, Sub-Regional Assessment S. Wood and J.R. Anderson Chapter 12: Methods and Approach to Identify the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) System Priorities for Research P. Gardiner Section IV: Synthesis and Ways Forward Chapter 13: Synthesis and Options for Enhanced Priority Assessment for Agricultural and Natural Resources Research G.W. Norton and D.A. Raitzer Chapter 1: Introduction to Prioritizing Agricultural Research for Development D. A. Raitzer and G.W. Norton Section I: Background Tools Chapter 2: Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis (PIPA) and Research Priority Assessment B. Douthwaite, S. Alvarez, J.D.H. Keatinge, R. Mackay, G. Thiele and J. Watts Section II: Institute Level Approaches Chapter 3: Research Priority Assessment at the International Potato Center (CIP) K.O. Fuglie and G. Thiele Chapter 4: The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's (IITA) Experience in Priority Assessment of Agricultural Research V. M. Manyong, D. Sanogo and A. D. Alene Chapter 5: Priority Assessment at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR): Confronting the Challenges of a Policy Oriented Natural Resources Management Research Portfolio D. A. Raitzer Chapter 6: Research Evaluation and Priority Assessment at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT): Continuing Cycles of Learning to Improve Impacts J.Ndjeunga and C. Bantilan Chapter 7: Using Multiple Objectives in Participatory Assessment of International Livestock Research: Lessons Learned P. Kristjanson, T. Randolph, P. Thornton, R. Reid and J. Ryan Chapter 8: Priority Assessment for Rice Research in Sub-Saharan Africa A. Diagne, P. Kormawa, O. Youm, S. Keya and S. N'cho Chapter 9: Highlights of the Evolution of Priority Assessment and Targeting at the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) J. Dixon and R. La Rovere Section III: System and Regional Approaches Chapter 10: The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas' (ICARDA) Experience in Agricultural Research Priority Assessment K.Shideed, M. Solh, A. Mazid and M. El-Solh Chapter 11: Strategic Priorities for Agricultural Development in Eastern and Central Africa: A Review of the Institutional Context and Methodological Approach for Undertaking a Quantitative, Sub-Regional Assessment S.Wood and J.R. Anderson Chapter 12: Methods and Approach to Identify the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) System Priorities for Research P.Gardiner Section IV: Synthesis and Ways Forward Chapter 13: Synthesis and Options for Enhanced Priority Assessment for Agricultural and Natural Resources Research G.W. Norton and D.A. Raitzer

David trained as an agricultural ecologist/entomologist, has invented and commercialized a herbicide adjuvant, managed the development and licensing of the biopesticide Green Muscle for locust control, established the spin-out company Conidia Bioscience Ltd to develop a diagnostic kit for the airline fuel fungus and realized the commercial opportunity offered by a nitrogen fixing endophytic bacteria for substitution of nitrogen fertilizer that lead to the founding of Azotic Technologies Ltd. A former MD of CABI Bioscience, David has a wealth of experience managing international science-based and commercial projects, establishing, raising funds for, and working in spin-out companies, as well advising governments and business on science, technology and innovation.

• 1: Introduction 2: Questionnaire design and target researchers 3: Results of the survey Delivery and response Type of employment of respondents 4: Research funding of respondents 5: Research Interests 6: Constraints to Biopesticide Research and Development 7: Barriers to Commercialisation 8: Differences between specialisms 9: Differences between regions 10: Discussion 11: Conclusion 12: Appendices Chapter 1: Introduction to Prioritizing Agricultural Research for Development David A. Raitzer and George W. Norton Section I: Background Tools Chapter 2: Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis (PIPA) and Research Priority Assessment B. Douthwaite, S. Alvarez, J.D.H. Keatinge, R. Mackay, G. Thiele and J. Watts Section II: Institute Level Approaches Chapter 3: Research Priority Assessment at the International Potato Center (CIP) K.O. Fuglie and G. Thiele Chapter 4: The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's (IITA) Experience in Priority Assessment of Agricultural Research V.M. Manyong, D. Sanogo and A.D. Alene Chapter 5: Priority Assessment at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR): Confronting the Challenges of a Policy Oriented Natural Resources Management Research Portfolio D.A. Raitzer Chapter 6: Research Evaluation and Priority Assessment at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT): Continuing Cycles of Learning to Improve Impacts J. Ndjeunga and C. Bantilan Chapter 7: Using Multiple Objectives in Participatory Assessment of International Livestock Research: Lessons Learned P. Kristjanson, T. Randolph, P. Thornton, R. Reid and J. Ryan Chapter 8: Priority Assessment for Rice Research in Sub-Saharan Africa A. Diagne, P. Kormawa, O. Youm, S. Keya and S. N'cho Chapter 9: Highlights of the Evolution of Priority Assessment and Targeting at the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) J. Dixon and R. La Rovere Section III: System and Regional Approaches Chapter 10: The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas' (ICARDA) Experience in Agricultural Research Priority Assessment K. Shideed, M. Solh, A. Mazid and M. El-Solh Chapter 11: Strategic Priorities for Agricultural Development in Eastern and Central Africa: A Review of the Institutional Context and Methodological Approach for Undertaking a Quantitative, Sub-Regional Assessment S. Wood and J.R. Anderson Chapter 12: Methods and Approach to Identify the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) System Priorities for Research P. Gardiner Section IV Synthesis and Ways ForwardChapter 13: Synthesis and Options for Enhanced Priority Assessment for Agricultural and Natural Resources Research G.W. Norton and D.A. Raitzer Chapter 1: Introduction to Prioritizing Agricultural Research for DevelopmentmDavid A. Raitzer and George W. Norton Section I: Background Tools Chapter 2: Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis (PIPA) and Research Priority Assessment B. Douthwaite, S. Alvarez, J.D.H. Keatinge, R. Mackay, G. Thiele and J. Watts Section II: Institute Level Approaches Chapter 3: Research Priority Assessment at the International Potato Center (CIP) K.O. Fuglie and G. Thiele Chapter 4: The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's (IITA) Experience in Priority Assessment of Agricultural Research V. M. Manyong, D. Sanogo and A. D. Alene Chapter 5: Priority Assessment at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR): Confronting the Challenges of a Policy Oriented Natural Resources Management Research Portfolio D.A. Raitzer Chapter 6: Research Evaluation and Priority Assessment at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT): Continuing Cycles of Learning to Improve Impacts J. Ndjeunga and C. Bantilan Chapter 7: Using Multiple Objectives in Participatory Assessment of International Livestock Research: Lessons Learned P. Kristjanson, T. Randolph, P. Thornton, R. Reid and J. Ryan Chapter 8: Priority Assessment for Rice Research in Sub-Saharan Africa A. Diagne, P. Kormawa, O. Youm, S. Keya and S. N'cho Chapter 9: Highlights of the Evolution of Priority Assessment and Targeting at the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) J. Dixon and R. La Rovere Section III: System and Regional Approaches Chapter 10: The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas' (ICARDA) Experience in Agricultural Research Priority Assessment K. Shideed, M. Solh, A. Mazid and M. El-Solh Chapter 11: Strategic Priorities for Agricultural Development in Eastern and Central Africa: A Review of the Institutional Context and Methodological Approach for Undertaking a Quantitative, Sub-Regional Assessment S. Wood and J.R. Anderson Chapter 12: Methods and Approach to Identify the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) System Priorities for Research P. Gardiner Section IV: Synthesis and Ways Forward Chapter 13: Synthesis and Options for Enhanced Priority Assessment for Agricultural and Natural Resources Research G.W. Norton and D.A. Raitzer Chapter 1: Introduction to Prioritizing Agricultural Research for Development D. A. Raitzer and G.W. Norton Section I: Background Tools Chapter 2: Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis (PIPA) and Research Priority Assessment B. Douthwaite, S. Alvarez, J.D.H. Keatinge, R. Mackay, G. Thiele and J. Watts Section II: Institute Level Approaches Chapter 3: Research Priority Assessment at the International Potato Center (CIP) K.O. Fuglie and G. Thiele Chapter 4: The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's (IITA) Experience in Priority Assessment of Agricultural Research V. M. Manyong, D. Sanogo and A. D. Alene Chapter 5: Priority Assessment at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR): Confronting the Challenges of a Policy Oriented Natural Resources Management Research Portfolio D. A. Raitzer Chapter 6: Research Evaluation and Priority Assessment at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT): Continuing Cycles of Learning to Improve Impacts J.Ndjeunga and C. Bantilan Chapter 7: Using Multiple Objectives in Participatory Assessment of International Livestock Research: Lessons Learned P. Kristjanson, T. Randolph, P. Thornton, R. Reid and J. Ryan Chapter 8: Priority Assessment for Rice Research in Sub-Saharan Africa A. Diagne, P. Kormawa, O. Youm, S. Keya and S. N'cho Chapter 9: Highlights of the Evolution of Priority Assessment and Targeting at the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) J. Dixon and R. La Rovere Section III: System and Regional Approaches Chapter 10: The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas' (ICARDA) Experience in Agricultural Research Priority Assessment K.Shideed, M. Solh, A. Mazid and M. El-Solh Chapter 11: Strategic Priorities for Agricultural Development in Eastern and Central Africa: A Review of the Institutional Context and Methodological Approach for Undertaking a Quantitative, Sub-Regional Assessment S.Wood and J.R. Anderson Chapter 12: Methods and Approach to Identify the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) System Priorities for Research P.Gardiner Section IV: Synthesis and Ways Forward Chapter 13: Synthesis and Options for Enhanced Priority Assessment for Agricultural and Natural Resources Research G.W. Norton and D.A. Raitzer