Land Surface Hydrology, Meteorology, and Climate

Observations and Modeling

AvVenkataraman Lakshmi,John Albertson

Inbunden, Engelska, 2001

Del 3 i serien Water Science and Application

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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Science and Application Series, Volume 3.Land surface hydrology integrates various physical, chemical and biological processes that occur above, on, and below the surface of the Earth. As a result, it is critical to accurately account for land surface processes within predictive models of hydrology, meteorology, and climate.One of our main difficulties, however, concerns the broad range of spatial and temporal scales that characterize land surface hydrological processes. For example, we determine infiltration by pore scale physics, while soil hydraulic conductivity remains a field scale property. Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration occur at the leaf scale. Runoff is a catchment scale process, and the variability of groundwater storage is a regional scale issue. Turbulence in land-atmosphere exchanges of heat, moisture, and momentum occur on the order of seconds to minutes, while variations in land surface and air temperatures occur much more gradually: on the order of hours. The persistence of floods and droughts is seasonal to annual, and so is the effect of El Nino on regional hydrology. Long-term climate effects occur much more slowly, on the order of years to decades.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2001-01-01
Mått:221 x 274 x 18 mm
Vikt:871 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Serie:Water Science and Application
Antal sidor:256
Förlag:John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN:9780875903521

Utforska kategorier

Geovetenskap inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Mer om författaren

Venkataraman Lakshmi and John Albertson are the authors of Land Surface Hydrology, Meteorology, and Climate: Observations and Modeling, published by Wiley.

Innehållsförteckning

PrefaceVenkatamaran Lakshmi vIntroductionVenkatamaran Lakshmi 1Section 1: OBSERVATIONSLidar Measurements of the Dimensionless Humidity Gradient in the Unstable Atmosphere Surface LayerWilliam E. Eichinger, Marc B. Parlange, and Gabriel G. Katul 7Time Difference Methods for Monitoring Regional Scale Heat Fluxes with Remote SensingWilliam P. Kustas, George R. Diak, and John M. Norman 15Inferring Scalar Sources and Sinks Within Canopies Using Forward and Inverse MethodsGabriel G. Katul, Chun-Ta Lai, Mario Siqueira, Karina Schafer, John D. Albertson, Karen H. Wesson, David Ellsworth, and Ram Oren 31Ground-Based Soil Moisture and Soil Hydraulic Property Observations in Regional Scale ExperimentsRichard H. Cuenca and Shaun F. Kelly 47Section 2: MODELINGBounding the Parameters of Land-Surface Schemes Using Observational DataLuis A . Bastidas, Hoshin V. Gupta, and Soroosh Sorooshian 65A Priori Estimation of Land Surface Model ParametersQuingyun Duan, John Schaake, and Victor Koren 77Comparing GCM-Generated Land Surface Water Budgets Using a Simple Common FrameworkRandall D. Koster, Paul A. Dirmeyer, P. C. D. Milly, and Gary L. Russell 95Development and Application of Land Surface Models for Mesoscale Atmospheric Models:Problems and PromisesFei Chen, Roger A. Pielke Sr., and Kenneth Mitchell 107Evaluation of NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Water and Energy Budgets Using Macroscale Hydrologic Model SimulationsEdwin P. Maurer, Greg M. O'Donnell, Dennis P. Lettenmaier, and John O. Roads 137Section 3: INTEGRATION OF OBSERVATIONS AND MODELINGThe Effect of Sub-Grid Variability of Soil Moisture on the Simulation of Mesoscale Watershed Hydrology:A Case Study From the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology ExperimentKaren I . Mohr, James S. Famiglietti, and Aaron Boone 161Assimilation of fAPAR and Surface Temperature Into a Land Surface and Vegetation ModelWolfgang Knorr and Venkataraman Lakshmi 177Experimental Design and Initial Results From the Mahurangi River Variability Experiment: MARVEXRoss Woods, Roger Grayson, Andrew Western, Maurice Duncan, David Wilson, Roger Young, Richard Ibbitt, Roddy Henderson, and Tom McMahon 201Integration of Land Observations and Modeling: Experiences and Strategies of a Large Scale ExperimentRichard G. Lawford 215Hydrological Implications of the El Nifio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO):Observations and Hydrologic ForecastingThomas C. Piechota, Francis H. S. Chiew, and John A. Dracup 231