Owen Sergeson "Mike" Connelly Jr., who published as Owen Connelly, was an American historian who specialized in military history, especially the Napoleonic wars. He was Distinguished Professor of History Emeritus at the University of South Carolina. Fred Hembree is the author of The French Revolution, published by Wiley.

• Foreword vIntroduction ix1. The Old Regime To 1789 1The Great Surprise 1The Origins of French Absolutism 2Eighteenth-Century France 4The Financial Crisis 21The Revolt of the Nobles 24Preparations for the Estates-Genera 252. 1789 28The Estates-General 28Paris Erupts 33Municipal Revolutions and the Great Fear 39The Declaration of the Rights of Man 43The Legislature and the Veto 443. Government by the National Assembly 46The October Days 46The Political Clubs 49Nationalization of Church Property 50Civil Constitution of the Clergy 53Administrative and Judicial Reform 56The Flight to Varennes 57Massacre of the Champ de Mars 61The Constitution of 1791 63The Radicalization of the Revolution 654. The Fall of the Monarchy 67The Legislative Assembly 67War 68The Tuileries 71The September Massacres 74The Battle of Valmy 77The Convention 78The Trail and Execution of Louis XVI 81The Fall of the Girondins 845. The Reign of Terror 86The Terror 86The Republican Calendar 88The Organs of the Terror 89The Vendée 97The Federalist Revolts 99The Nation at War 101Other Accomplishments 103De-Christianization 105Hébertists and Dantonists 109Cult of the Supreme Being 111Thermidor 1136. The Directory and the Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte 116The Thermidorian Reaction 116Military Victory in the Vendée 118Paris, the Convention, and the Constitution of the Year III 120Thermidorian Last Acts: The Cultural Legislation 125The Directory (1795-1799) 125Napoleon Bonaparte 127Brumaire 136Conclusion 139Bibliographical Essay 143Index 157

Owen Sergeson "Mike" Connelly Jr., who published as Owen Connelly, was an American historian who specialized in military history, especially the Napoleonic wars. He was Distinguished Professor of History Emeritus at the University of South Carolina. Fred Hembree is the author of The French Revolution, published by Wiley.

• Foreword vIntroduction ix1. The Old Regime To 1789 1The Great Surprise 1The Origins of French Absolutism 2Eighteenth-Century France 4The Financial Crisis 21The Revolt of the Nobles 24Preparations for the Estates-Genera 252. 1789 28The Estates-General 28Paris Erupts 33Municipal Revolutions and the Great Fear 39The Declaration of the Rights of Man 43The Legislature and the Veto 443. Government by the National Assembly 46The October Days 46The Political Clubs 49Nationalization of Church Property 50Civil Constitution of the Clergy 53Administrative and Judicial Reform 56The Flight to Varennes 57Massacre of the Champ de Mars 61The Constitution of 1791 63The Radicalization of the Revolution 654. The Fall of the Monarchy 67The Legislative Assembly 67War 68The Tuileries 71The September Massacres 74The Battle of Valmy 77The Convention 78The Trail and Execution of Louis XVI 81The Fall of the Girondins 845. The Reign of Terror 86The Terror 86The Republican Calendar 88The Organs of the Terror 89The Vendée 97The Federalist Revolts 99The Nation at War 101Other Accomplishments 103De-Christianization 105Hébertists and Dantonists 109Cult of the Supreme Being 111Thermidor 1136. The Directory and the Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte 116The Thermidorian Reaction 116Military Victory in the Vendée 118Paris, the Convention, and the Constitution of the Year III 120Thermidorian Last Acts: The Cultural Legislation 125The Directory (1795-1799) 125Napoleon Bonaparte 127Brumaire 136Conclusion 139Bibliographical Essay 143Index 157

Owen Sergeson "Mike" Connelly Jr., who published as Owen Connelly, was an American historian who specialized in military history, especially the Napoleonic wars. He was Distinguished Professor of History Emeritus at the University of South Carolina. Fred Hembree is the author of The French Revolution, published by Wiley.

• Foreword vIntroduction ix1. The Old Regime To 1789 1The Great Surprise 1The Origins of French Absolutism 2Eighteenth-Century France 4The Financial Crisis 21The Revolt of the Nobles 24Preparations for the Estates-Genera 252. 1789 28The Estates-General 28Paris Erupts 33Municipal Revolutions and the Great Fear 39The Declaration of the Rights of Man 43The Legislature and the Veto 443. Government by the National Assembly 46The October Days 46The Political Clubs 49Nationalization of Church Property 50Civil Constitution of the Clergy 53Administrative and Judicial Reform 56The Flight to Varennes 57Massacre of the Champ de Mars 61The Constitution of 1791 63The Radicalization of the Revolution 654. The Fall of the Monarchy 67The Legislative Assembly 67War 68The Tuileries 71The September Massacres 74The Battle of Valmy 77The Convention 78The Trail and Execution of Louis XVI 81The Fall of the Girondins 845. The Reign of Terror 86The Terror 86The Republican Calendar 88The Organs of the Terror 89The Vendée 97The Federalist Revolts 99The Nation at War 101Other Accomplishments 103De-Christianization 105Hébertists and Dantonists 109Cult of the Supreme Being 111Thermidor 1136. The Directory and the Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte 116The Thermidorian Reaction 116Military Victory in the Vendée 118Paris, the Convention, and the Constitution of the Year III 120Thermidorian Last Acts: The Cultural Legislation 125The Directory (1795-1799) 125Napoleon Bonaparte 127Brumaire 136Conclusion 139Bibliographical Essay 143Index 157