Christoph Krenn studied in Graz and Paris and received his Ph.D. in law from Goethe University Frankfurt. He is a research affiliate at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg, where he was also a research and senior research fellow from 2011 to 2019. In 2019 he was awarded an APART-GSK-Fellowship by the Austrian Academy of Sciences to pursue a four-year research project on the rise of constitutional adjudication in Austria and Switzerland. He has been a visiting scholar at University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, at iCourts Centre in Copenhagen and at University of Zurich.

'Krenn's book stands as a precious compass. Not only does it offer a valuable conceptual framework to make sense of the Court's changing roles and functions in the EU polity, but is also outlines a clear way forward, fit for the challenges ahead.' Paul Dermine, European Constitutional Law Review

• 1. Introduction; 2. What courts do: a normative theory of court decision-making; 3. On the template of the ICJ: the Court's liberal roots; 4. Luhmann in Luxembourg: the rise of the rule of law model; 5. Completing the transformation: proposals for democratising the ECJ; 6. Conclusion.

Christoph Krenn studied in Graz and Paris and received his Ph.D. in law from Goethe University Frankfurt. He is a research affiliate at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg, where he was also a research and senior research fellow from 2011 to 2019. In 2019 he was awarded an APART-GSK-Fellowship by the Austrian Academy of Sciences to pursue a four-year research project on the rise of constitutional adjudication in Austria and Switzerland. He has been a visiting scholar at University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, at iCourts Centre in Copenhagen and at University of Zurich.

'Krenn's book stands as a precious compass. Not only does it offer a valuable conceptual framework to make sense of the Court's changing roles and functions in the EU polity, but is also outlines a clear way forward, fit for the challenges ahead.' Paul Dermine, European Constitutional Law Review

• 1. Introduction; 2. What courts do: a normative theory of court decision-making; 3. On the template of the ICJ: the Court's liberal roots; 4. Luhmann in Luxembourg: the rise of the rule of law model; 5. Completing the transformation: proposals for democratising the ECJ; 6. Conclusion.

Christoph Krenn studied in Graz and Paris and received his Ph.D. in law from Goethe University Frankfurt. He is a research affiliate at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg, where he was also a research and senior research fellow from 2011 to 2019. In 2019 he was awarded an APART-GSK-Fellowship by the Austrian Academy of Sciences to pursue a four-year research project on the rise of constitutional adjudication in Austria and Switzerland. He has been a visiting scholar at University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, at iCourts Centre in Copenhagen and at University of Zurich.

'Krenn's book stands as a precious compass. Not only does it offer a valuable conceptual framework to make sense of the Court's changing roles and functions in the EU polity, but is also outlines a clear way forward, fit for the challenges ahead.' Paul Dermine, European Constitutional Law Review

• 1. Introduction; 2. What courts do: a normative theory of court decision-making; 3. On the template of the ICJ: the Court's liberal roots; 4. Luhmann in Luxembourg: the rise of the rule of law model; 5. Completing the transformation: proposals for democratising the ECJ; 6. Conclusion.