Theresa Squatrito is an Associate Professor in International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science. She is a co-author of The Opening Up of International Organizations (Cambridge University Press, 2013) and a co-editor of The Performance of International Courts and Tribunals (Cambridge University Press, 2018).

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• 1. Introduction; 2. Judicial deference and the strategic space of international courts; 3. Formal independence of international courts; 4. The East African court of justice: pervasive constraints and substantial deference; 5. The Caribbean court of justice: intermediate constraints and moderate deference; 6. The African court of human and peoples' rights: subtle constraints and minimal deference; 7. Conclusion; Appendix; References.

Theresa Squatrito is an Associate Professor in International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science. She is a co-author of The Opening Up of International Organizations (Cambridge University Press, 2013) and a co-editor of The Performance of International Courts and Tribunals (Cambridge University Press, 2018).

Select Guide Rating

• 1. Introduction; 2. Judicial deference and the strategic space of international courts; 3. Formal independence of international courts; 4. The East African court of justice: pervasive constraints and substantial deference; 5. The Caribbean court of justice: intermediate constraints and moderate deference; 6. The African court of human and peoples' rights: subtle constraints and minimal deference; 7. Conclusion; Appendix; References.

Theresa Squatrito is an Associate Professor in International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science. She is a co-author of The Opening Up of International Organizations (Cambridge University Press, 2013) and a co-editor of The Performance of International Courts and Tribunals (Cambridge University Press, 2018).

Select Guide Rating

• 1. Introduction; 2. Judicial deference and the strategic space of international courts; 3. Formal independence of international courts; 4. The East African court of justice: pervasive constraints and substantial deference; 5. The Caribbean court of justice: intermediate constraints and moderate deference; 6. The African court of human and peoples' rights: subtle constraints and minimal deference; 7. Conclusion; Appendix; References.