Business in Latin America

Fernando Robles is an Emeritus Professor of International Business and International Relations at the School of Business of the George Washington University. A native of Peru, Robles received a bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering at the National University of Engineering, Lima, Peru and a master’s degree from the Graduate School of Business Administration (ESAN) in Lima, Peru. He has an MBA degree from Georgia State University and a PhD in Business Administration from the Pennsylvania State University.Nila M. Wiese is a Professor of International Business and Marketing in the School of Business and Leadership at the University of Puget Sound in Tacoma, Washington. A native of Honduras, she received a dual BS degree in Marketing and Management from Oklahoma State University, a master’s in International Management from Baylor University, and a PhD in Marketing from University of Oregon.

• Introduction Part 1: The Business Environment in Latin America1. The Economic Environment of Latin America Introduction Latin America’s Economic Performance from 2000 to Present Latin America’s International Trade Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America Latin America’s Recovery Post-COVID: Toward a Socially Inclusive and Environmentally Responsible Growth Model Summary 2. The Political and Legal Environment of Latin America Introduction A Snapshot of the Political Environment in Latin America Democracy at Risk Renewed Populism and Authoritarianism The Institutional Environment Corruption in Latin America The Regulatory Environment of Latin America Summary 3. The Competitive Environment of Latin America Introduction The Global Competitiveness of Latin America Latin America’s Role in Global Supply Chains The Structure of Competition in Latin America Summary 4. Demographic Transitions and Population Dynamics in Latin America Introduction Latin America’s Demographic Transition Migration Flows Race and Ethnicity in Latin America Education Urbanization Housing and Households Health Status of Latin America Summary 5. The Sociocultural Environment of Latin America Introduction Latin American Culture Latin American Business Culture National Business Cultures in Latin AmericaThe Impact of Culture on LeadershipWomen Leaders in Latin AmericaManaging Talent in in Latin AmericaSummary 6. Business Risks and Uncertainty in Latin America IntroductionA Framework to Understand Business Risk and Uncertainty Economic Risks Political Risks Corruption Crime and Violence Societal Risks Natural and Climate Change Risks Summary: Many Risks, but Also Opportunities Part 2: Business Strategies for Latin America 7. Marketing Strategies for Latin American Consumer Markets Introduction An Overview of the Latin American Consumer Market Understanding Latin American Consumers’ Values Segmenting the Latin American Consumer Market Building a Relevant Brand in Latin America Pricing Strategies for Latin American Consumer MarketsCommunication Strategies for Latin American Consumer Markets Omnichannel Strategies for Latin America Summary8. Company Strategies for Firms from Outside the Region Introduction MNC's Challenges and Competitive Advantages in Latin America MNC Regional Strategy in Latin America A Regional Strategy Formulation Framework Regional Strategy Replication and Adaptation A Case of a Global MNC's Regional Strategy Summary 9. Strategic Approaches of Multilatinas and Global Latinas IntroductionThe Emergence of Multilatinas and Global LatinasThe Internationalization of Latin American FirmsMultilatinas and Global Latinas: Who Are They?Strategic Approaches of Multilatinas and Global LatinasMultilatinas and Global Latinas: Into the FutureSummary10. The Entrepreneurial Environment of Latin America Introduction Innovation in Latin America The State of Entrepreneurship in Latin AmericaThe Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Latin AmericaHotbeds of Entrepreneurship Small- and Medium-Size Businesses in Latin AmericaSummary11. Global and Regional Value Chains in Latin AmericaIntroductionGlobal Value Chains Latin America’s Participation in Global Value Chains Regional Integration and Global Value Chains Firm Perspective on Value Chain ConfigurationsSummary12. Strategic Opportunities and Risks in Latin America: A SummaryIntroductionThe Business Environment in Latin AmericaBusiness Strategies for Latin America Strategic Opportunities and Risks in Latin AmericaConcluding Thoughts