Daniel Lees Fryer is Associate Professor of English at Østfold University College, Norway. His teaching and research interests include linguistics, multimodality, and discourse analysis, especially in the areas of scientific/medical discourse, the discourse of social movements, and human–nonhuman animal relations.

"[This book] is testimony to how rich and informative the study of semantic resources expressing intersubjective positioning can be when adopting the Engagement heuristic...as a veteran EAP professional who has been teaching and researching biomedical writing for almost twenty years, I can say that this is perhaps one of the most insightful works I have ever read on the discourse analysis of medical texts." - Hui Wang, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies / Sun Yat-sen University, English for Specific Purposes

• 1 Introduction: Engaging with Medical Research1.1 Community1.2 Why Engagement?1.3 Aims and Organization of the Book2 Voices in the Text: Models of Engagement and Alignment2.1 Dialogic Theory2.2 Social Semiotics and Systemic Functional Theory2.3 Multisemiosis and Intersemiosis2.4 Engagement and Alignment2.4.1 Verbal Engagement2.4.2 The Lexicogrammar of Engagement: Projection, Modality, and Concession2.4.3 Visual Engagement2.4.4 Mathematical Engagement3 Medical Research Discourse: An Overview3.1 Knowledge and Knowers in Medical Research3.2 The Medical Research Article as Multisemiotic (Macro)Genre3.2.1 IMRaD: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion3.2.2 Other Stages of the Medical Research Article3.3 The Medical Research Article Corpus, MRAC4 Verbal Engagement in Medical Research Articles4.1 Realizing and Instantiating Verbal Engagement4.1.1 Heterogloss4.1.1.1 Contract4.1.1.1.1 Disclaim4.1.1.1.2 Proclaim4.1.1.2 Expand4.1.1.2.1 Entertain4.1.1.2.2 Attribute4.1.2 Monogloss4.1.3 Scope and Interaction of Verbal Dialogic Resources4.1.4 Summary of Realization and Instantiation of Verbal Engagement4.2 Verbal Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article4.2.1 Introductions4.2.2 Methods4.2.3 Results4.2.4 Discussions4.2.5 Other Sections or Segments of the Medical Research Article4.2.5.1 Abstracts4.2.5.2 Titles4.2.5.3 Acknowledgments4.2.5.4 Appendices4.2.5.5 References4.2.5.6 Conflict of Interest and Role of the Funding Source4.3 Verbal Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine5 Mathematical Engagement in Medical Research Articles5.1 Realizing and Instantiating Mathematical Engagement5.1.1 Heterogloss5.1.1.1 Contract5.1.1.2 Expand5.1.2 Monogloss5.1.3 Scope and Interaction of Mathematical Dialogic Resources5.1.4 Summary of Realization and Instantiation of Mathematical Engagement5.2 Mathematical Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article5.2.1 Introductions5.2.2 Methods5.2.3 Results5.2.4 Discussions5.2.5 Other Sections or Segments of the Medical Research Article5.2.5.1 Abstracts5.2.5.2 Titles5.2.5.3 Acknowledgements and Appendices5.2.5.4 References5.2.5.5 Conflict of Interest and Role of the Funding Source5.3 Mathematical Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine 6 Visual Engagement in Medical Research Articles6.1 Realizing and Instantiating Visual Engagement6.1.1 Heterogloss6.1.1.1 Contract6.1.1.1.1 Disclaim6.1.1.1.2 Proclaim6.1.1.2 Expand6.1.1.2.1 Entertain6.1.1.2.2 Attribute6.1.1.2.3 Suggest6.1.2 Monogloss6.1.3 Scope and Interaction of Visual Dialogic Resources6.1.4 Summary of Realization and Instantiation of Visual Engagement6.2 Visual Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article6.2.1 Introductions6.2.2 Methods6.2.3 Results6.2.4 Discussions6.2.5 Other Sections or Segments of the Medical Research Article6.2.5.1 Abstracts6.2.5.2 Titles6.2.5.3 Acknowledgments and Appendices6.2.5.4 References6.2.5.5 Conflict of Interest and Role of the Funding Source6.3 Visual Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine7 Intersemiotic Engagement in Medical Research Articles7.1 Intersemiotic Engagement: A Close Reading7.1.1 Verbal Engagement in MRAC_017.1.2 Mathematical Engagement in MRAC_017.1.3 Visual Engagement in MRAC_017.1.4 Intersemiotic Engagement in MRAC_017.1.4.1 Reading Paths7.1.4.2 A Close Reading of Selected Passages from MRAC_017.2 Intersemiotic Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article7.2.1 Introductions7.2.2 Methods7.2.3 Results7.2.4 Discussions7.2.5 Abstracts7.3 Intersemiotic Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine8 Engagement as Text, Engagement as System8.1 Engagement in Medical Research Discourse8.2 Engagement as Multisemiotic Discourse-Semantic System8.3 ConclusionsAppendix

Daniel Lees Fryer is Associate Professor of English at Østfold University College, Norway. His teaching and research interests include linguistics, multimodality, and discourse analysis, especially in the areas of scientific/medical discourse, the discourse of social movements, and human–nonhuman animal relations.

"[This book] is testimony to how rich and informative the study of semantic resources expressing intersubjective positioning can be when adopting the Engagement heuristic...as a veteran EAP professional who has been teaching and researching biomedical writing for almost twenty years, I can say that this is perhaps one of the most insightful works I have ever read on the discourse analysis of medical texts." - Hui Wang, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies / Sun Yat-sen University, English for Specific Purposes

• 1 Introduction: Engaging with Medical Research1.1 Community1.2 Why Engagement?1.3 Aims and Organization of the Book2 Voices in the Text: Models of Engagement and Alignment2.1 Dialogic Theory2.2 Social Semiotics and Systemic Functional Theory2.3 Multisemiosis and Intersemiosis2.4 Engagement and Alignment2.4.1 Verbal Engagement2.4.2 The Lexicogrammar of Engagement: Projection, Modality, and Concession2.4.3 Visual Engagement2.4.4 Mathematical Engagement3 Medical Research Discourse: An Overview3.1 Knowledge and Knowers in Medical Research3.2 The Medical Research Article as Multisemiotic (Macro)Genre3.2.1 IMRaD: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion3.2.2 Other Stages of the Medical Research Article3.3 The Medical Research Article Corpus, MRAC4 Verbal Engagement in Medical Research Articles4.1 Realizing and Instantiating Verbal Engagement4.1.1 Heterogloss4.1.1.1 Contract4.1.1.1.1 Disclaim4.1.1.1.2 Proclaim4.1.1.2 Expand4.1.1.2.1 Entertain4.1.1.2.2 Attribute4.1.2 Monogloss4.1.3 Scope and Interaction of Verbal Dialogic Resources4.1.4 Summary of Realization and Instantiation of Verbal Engagement4.2 Verbal Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article4.2.1 Introductions4.2.2 Methods4.2.3 Results4.2.4 Discussions4.2.5 Other Sections or Segments of the Medical Research Article4.2.5.1 Abstracts4.2.5.2 Titles4.2.5.3 Acknowledgments4.2.5.4 Appendices4.2.5.5 References4.2.5.6 Conflict of Interest and Role of the Funding Source4.3 Verbal Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine5 Mathematical Engagement in Medical Research Articles5.1 Realizing and Instantiating Mathematical Engagement5.1.1 Heterogloss5.1.1.1 Contract5.1.1.2 Expand5.1.2 Monogloss5.1.3 Scope and Interaction of Mathematical Dialogic Resources5.1.4 Summary of Realization and Instantiation of Mathematical Engagement5.2 Mathematical Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article5.2.1 Introductions5.2.2 Methods5.2.3 Results5.2.4 Discussions5.2.5 Other Sections or Segments of the Medical Research Article5.2.5.1 Abstracts5.2.5.2 Titles5.2.5.3 Acknowledgements and Appendices5.2.5.4 References5.2.5.5 Conflict of Interest and Role of the Funding Source5.3 Mathematical Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine 6 Visual Engagement in Medical Research Articles6.1 Realizing and Instantiating Visual Engagement6.1.1 Heterogloss6.1.1.1 Contract6.1.1.1.1 Disclaim6.1.1.1.2 Proclaim6.1.1.2 Expand6.1.1.2.1 Entertain6.1.1.2.2 Attribute6.1.1.2.3 Suggest6.1.2 Monogloss6.1.3 Scope and Interaction of Visual Dialogic Resources6.1.4 Summary of Realization and Instantiation of Visual Engagement6.2 Visual Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article6.2.1 Introductions6.2.2 Methods6.2.3 Results6.2.4 Discussions6.2.5 Other Sections or Segments of the Medical Research Article6.2.5.1 Abstracts6.2.5.2 Titles6.2.5.3 Acknowledgments and Appendices6.2.5.4 References6.2.5.5 Conflict of Interest and Role of the Funding Source6.3 Visual Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine7 Intersemiotic Engagement in Medical Research Articles7.1 Intersemiotic Engagement: A Close Reading7.1.1 Verbal Engagement in MRAC_017.1.2 Mathematical Engagement in MRAC_017.1.3 Visual Engagement in MRAC_017.1.4 Intersemiotic Engagement in MRAC_017.1.4.1 Reading Paths7.1.4.2 A Close Reading of Selected Passages from MRAC_017.2 Intersemiotic Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article7.2.1 Introductions7.2.2 Methods7.2.3 Results7.2.4 Discussions7.2.5 Abstracts7.3 Intersemiotic Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine8 Engagement as Text, Engagement as System8.1 Engagement in Medical Research Discourse8.2 Engagement as Multisemiotic Discourse-Semantic System8.3 ConclusionsAppendix

Daniel Lees Fryer is Associate Professor of English at Østfold University College, Norway. His teaching and research interests include linguistics, multimodality, and discourse analysis, especially in the areas of scientific/medical discourse, the discourse of social movements, and human–nonhuman animal relations.

"[This book] is testimony to how rich and informative the study of semantic resources expressing intersubjective positioning can be when adopting the Engagement heuristic...as a veteran EAP professional who has been teaching and researching biomedical writing for almost twenty years, I can say that this is perhaps one of the most insightful works I have ever read on the discourse analysis of medical texts." - Hui Wang, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies / Sun Yat-sen University, English for Specific Purposes

• 1 Introduction: Engaging with Medical Research1.1 Community1.2 Why Engagement?1.3 Aims and Organization of the Book2 Voices in the Text: Models of Engagement and Alignment2.1 Dialogic Theory2.2 Social Semiotics and Systemic Functional Theory2.3 Multisemiosis and Intersemiosis2.4 Engagement and Alignment2.4.1 Verbal Engagement2.4.2 The Lexicogrammar of Engagement: Projection, Modality, and Concession2.4.3 Visual Engagement2.4.4 Mathematical Engagement3 Medical Research Discourse: An Overview3.1 Knowledge and Knowers in Medical Research3.2 The Medical Research Article as Multisemiotic (Macro)Genre3.2.1 IMRaD: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion3.2.2 Other Stages of the Medical Research Article3.3 The Medical Research Article Corpus, MRAC4 Verbal Engagement in Medical Research Articles4.1 Realizing and Instantiating Verbal Engagement4.1.1 Heterogloss4.1.1.1 Contract4.1.1.1.1 Disclaim4.1.1.1.2 Proclaim4.1.1.2 Expand4.1.1.2.1 Entertain4.1.1.2.2 Attribute4.1.2 Monogloss4.1.3 Scope and Interaction of Verbal Dialogic Resources4.1.4 Summary of Realization and Instantiation of Verbal Engagement4.2 Verbal Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article4.2.1 Introductions4.2.2 Methods4.2.3 Results4.2.4 Discussions4.2.5 Other Sections or Segments of the Medical Research Article4.2.5.1 Abstracts4.2.5.2 Titles4.2.5.3 Acknowledgments4.2.5.4 Appendices4.2.5.5 References4.2.5.6 Conflict of Interest and Role of the Funding Source4.3 Verbal Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine5 Mathematical Engagement in Medical Research Articles5.1 Realizing and Instantiating Mathematical Engagement5.1.1 Heterogloss5.1.1.1 Contract5.1.1.2 Expand5.1.2 Monogloss5.1.3 Scope and Interaction of Mathematical Dialogic Resources5.1.4 Summary of Realization and Instantiation of Mathematical Engagement5.2 Mathematical Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article5.2.1 Introductions5.2.2 Methods5.2.3 Results5.2.4 Discussions5.2.5 Other Sections or Segments of the Medical Research Article5.2.5.1 Abstracts5.2.5.2 Titles5.2.5.3 Acknowledgements and Appendices5.2.5.4 References5.2.5.5 Conflict of Interest and Role of the Funding Source5.3 Mathematical Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine 6 Visual Engagement in Medical Research Articles6.1 Realizing and Instantiating Visual Engagement6.1.1 Heterogloss6.1.1.1 Contract6.1.1.1.1 Disclaim6.1.1.1.2 Proclaim6.1.1.2 Expand6.1.1.2.1 Entertain6.1.1.2.2 Attribute6.1.1.2.3 Suggest6.1.2 Monogloss6.1.3 Scope and Interaction of Visual Dialogic Resources6.1.4 Summary of Realization and Instantiation of Visual Engagement6.2 Visual Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article6.2.1 Introductions6.2.2 Methods6.2.3 Results6.2.4 Discussions6.2.5 Other Sections or Segments of the Medical Research Article6.2.5.1 Abstracts6.2.5.2 Titles6.2.5.3 Acknowledgments and Appendices6.2.5.4 References6.2.5.5 Conflict of Interest and Role of the Funding Source6.3 Visual Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine7 Intersemiotic Engagement in Medical Research Articles7.1 Intersemiotic Engagement: A Close Reading7.1.1 Verbal Engagement in MRAC_017.1.2 Mathematical Engagement in MRAC_017.1.3 Visual Engagement in MRAC_017.1.4 Intersemiotic Engagement in MRAC_017.1.4.1 Reading Paths7.1.4.2 A Close Reading of Selected Passages from MRAC_017.2 Intersemiotic Engagement across Generic Stages and Phases of the Medical Research Article7.2.1 Introductions7.2.2 Methods7.2.3 Results7.2.4 Discussions7.2.5 Abstracts7.3 Intersemiotic Engagement and the Discipline(s) of Medicine8 Engagement as Text, Engagement as System8.1 Engagement in Medical Research Discourse8.2 Engagement as Multisemiotic Discourse-Semantic System8.3 ConclusionsAppendix