Dr. Sandeep Kumar is currently a professor at CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore. He recently completed his post-doctoral research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in sentiment analysis. He is an associate editor for Springer's Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences (HCIS) journal. He has published more than eighty research papers in various international journals/conferences and attended several national and international conferences and workshops. He has authored/edited seven books in the area of computer science. Also, he has been serving as General Chair of the International Conference on Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCCT 2021, 22, and 23) and the Congress on Intelligent Systems (CIS 2022 and 2023). His research interests include nature-inspired algorithms, swarm intelligence, soft computing, and computational intelligence.Dr. Abdul Khader Jilani SaudagarAbdul Khader Jilani Saudagar received the Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.), Master of Technology (M. Tech.), and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees in computer science and engineering, in 2001, 2006, and 2010, respectively. He is currently working as an Associate Professor with the Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences (CCIS), Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He is also the Head of the Intelligent Interactive Systems Research Group (IISRG), CCIS. He has ten years of research and teaching experience at both undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) level. He was the Principal Investigator of the funded projects from KACST, the Deanship of Scientific Research (IMSIU), and is working as the Principal Investigator for the project titled ``Usage of modern technologies to predict emergence of infectious diseases and to detect outbreak of pandemics'' in grand challenge track, funded by the Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia. He has published a number of research papers in international journals and conferences. His research interests include artificial image processing, information technology, databases, and web and mobile application development. He is associated as a member with various professional bodies, like ACM, IACSIT, IAENG, and ISTE. He is working as an editorial board member and a reviewer for many international journals.Dr. Muskan GargDr. Muskan Garg is working as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Prior to Mayo Clinic, she served as Postdoctoral Research Associate at University of Florida. Prior to UFL, she served as Assistant Professor at Computer science and engineering department at Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, India. She has completed her masters and doctorate from Panjab University, Chandigarh. Her previous research work is associated with applied network science in the field of Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing for social media data. In general, she is interested in exploring the domain of causal analysis, semantic relations, and ethics over social media data; and mental health analysis on social media.

• Chapter 1Federated Learning for Natural Language ProcessingSergei Ternovykh, Anastasia NikiforovaChapter 2Utility-Based Recommendation System For Large Datasets Using EAHUIMVandna DahiyaChapter 3Anaphora Resolution: A Complete View with Case StudyKalpana B. Khandale, C. Namrata MahenderChapter 4A Review of the Approaches to Neural Machine Translation Preetpal Kaur Buttar, Manoj Kumar SachanChapter 5Evolution of Question-Answering System from Information Retrieval: A Scientific Time Travel from BanglaBangla Arijit Das, Diganta SahaChapter 6Recent Advances in Textual Code Switching Sergei Ternovykh, Anastasia NikiforovaChapter 7Legal Document Summarization using Hybrid model Deekshitha, Nandhini KChapter 8Concept Network using Network Text Analysis Md Masum Billah, Dipanita Saha, Farzana Bhuiyan, Mohammed KaosarChapter 9Question Answering Versus Machine Reading Comprehension: Neural Machine Reading Comprehension using Transformer Models NISHA VARGHESE, M. PUNITHAVALLIChapter 10Online Subjective Question Answering System Necessity of Education System Madhav A. Kankhar, Bharat A. Shelke, C. Namrata Mahender

Dr. Sandeep Kumar is currently a professor at CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore. He recently completed his post-doctoral research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in sentiment analysis. He is an associate editor for Springer's Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences (HCIS) journal. He has published more than eighty research papers in various international journals/conferences and attended several national and international conferences and workshops. He has authored/edited seven books in the area of computer science. Also, he has been serving as General Chair of the International Conference on Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCCT 2021, 22, and 23) and the Congress on Intelligent Systems (CIS 2022 and 2023). His research interests include nature-inspired algorithms, swarm intelligence, soft computing, and computational intelligence.Dr. Abdul Khader Jilani SaudagarAbdul Khader Jilani Saudagar received the Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.), Master of Technology (M. Tech.), and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees in computer science and engineering, in 2001, 2006, and 2010, respectively. He is currently working as an Associate Professor with the Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences (CCIS), Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He is also the Head of the Intelligent Interactive Systems Research Group (IISRG), CCIS. He has ten years of research and teaching experience at both undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) level. He was the Principal Investigator of the funded projects from KACST, the Deanship of Scientific Research (IMSIU), and is working as the Principal Investigator for the project titled ``Usage of modern technologies to predict emergence of infectious diseases and to detect outbreak of pandemics'' in grand challenge track, funded by the Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia. He has published a number of research papers in international journals and conferences. His research interests include artificial image processing, information technology, databases, and web and mobile application development. He is associated as a member with various professional bodies, like ACM, IACSIT, IAENG, and ISTE. He is working as an editorial board member and a reviewer for many international journals.Dr. Muskan GargDr. Muskan Garg is working as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Prior to Mayo Clinic, she served as Postdoctoral Research Associate at University of Florida. Prior to UFL, she served as Assistant Professor at Computer science and engineering department at Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, India. She has completed her masters and doctorate from Panjab University, Chandigarh. Her previous research work is associated with applied network science in the field of Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing for social media data. In general, she is interested in exploring the domain of causal analysis, semantic relations, and ethics over social media data; and mental health analysis on social media.

• Chapter 1Federated Learning for Natural Language ProcessingSergei Ternovykh, Anastasia NikiforovaChapter 2Utility-Based Recommendation System For Large Datasets Using EAHUIMVandna DahiyaChapter 3Anaphora Resolution: A Complete View with Case StudyKalpana B. Khandale, C. Namrata MahenderChapter 4A Review of the Approaches to Neural Machine Translation Preetpal Kaur Buttar, Manoj Kumar SachanChapter 5Evolution of Question-Answering System from Information Retrieval: A Scientific Time Travel from BanglaBangla Arijit Das, Diganta SahaChapter 6Recent Advances in Textual Code Switching Sergei Ternovykh, Anastasia NikiforovaChapter 7Legal Document Summarization using Hybrid model Deekshitha, Nandhini KChapter 8Concept Network using Network Text Analysis Md Masum Billah, Dipanita Saha, Farzana Bhuiyan, Mohammed KaosarChapter 9Question Answering Versus Machine Reading Comprehension: Neural Machine Reading Comprehension using Transformer Models NISHA VARGHESE, M. PUNITHAVALLIChapter 10Online Subjective Question Answering System Necessity of Education System Madhav A. Kankhar, Bharat A. Shelke, C. Namrata Mahender

Dr. Sandeep Kumar is currently a professor at CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore. He recently completed his post-doctoral research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in sentiment analysis. He is an associate editor for Springer's Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences (HCIS) journal. He has published more than eighty research papers in various international journals/conferences and attended several national and international conferences and workshops. He has authored/edited seven books in the area of computer science. Also, he has been serving as General Chair of the International Conference on Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCCT 2021, 22, and 23) and the Congress on Intelligent Systems (CIS 2022 and 2023). His research interests include nature-inspired algorithms, swarm intelligence, soft computing, and computational intelligence.Dr. Abdul Khader Jilani SaudagarAbdul Khader Jilani Saudagar received the Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.), Master of Technology (M. Tech.), and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees in computer science and engineering, in 2001, 2006, and 2010, respectively. He is currently working as an Associate Professor with the Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences (CCIS), Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He is also the Head of the Intelligent Interactive Systems Research Group (IISRG), CCIS. He has ten years of research and teaching experience at both undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) level. He was the Principal Investigator of the funded projects from KACST, the Deanship of Scientific Research (IMSIU), and is working as the Principal Investigator for the project titled ``Usage of modern technologies to predict emergence of infectious diseases and to detect outbreak of pandemics'' in grand challenge track, funded by the Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia. He has published a number of research papers in international journals and conferences. His research interests include artificial image processing, information technology, databases, and web and mobile application development. He is associated as a member with various professional bodies, like ACM, IACSIT, IAENG, and ISTE. He is working as an editorial board member and a reviewer for many international journals.Dr. Muskan GargDr. Muskan Garg is working as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Prior to Mayo Clinic, she served as Postdoctoral Research Associate at University of Florida. Prior to UFL, she served as Assistant Professor at Computer science and engineering department at Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, India. She has completed her masters and doctorate from Panjab University, Chandigarh. Her previous research work is associated with applied network science in the field of Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing for social media data. In general, she is interested in exploring the domain of causal analysis, semantic relations, and ethics over social media data; and mental health analysis on social media.

• Chapter 1Federated Learning for Natural Language ProcessingSergei Ternovykh, Anastasia NikiforovaChapter 2Utility-Based Recommendation System For Large Datasets Using EAHUIMVandna DahiyaChapter 3Anaphora Resolution: A Complete View with Case StudyKalpana B. Khandale, C. Namrata MahenderChapter 4A Review of the Approaches to Neural Machine Translation Preetpal Kaur Buttar, Manoj Kumar SachanChapter 5Evolution of Question-Answering System from Information Retrieval: A Scientific Time Travel from BanglaBangla Arijit Das, Diganta SahaChapter 6Recent Advances in Textual Code Switching Sergei Ternovykh, Anastasia NikiforovaChapter 7Legal Document Summarization using Hybrid model Deekshitha, Nandhini KChapter 8Concept Network using Network Text Analysis Md Masum Billah, Dipanita Saha, Farzana Bhuiyan, Mohammed KaosarChapter 9Question Answering Versus Machine Reading Comprehension: Neural Machine Reading Comprehension using Transformer Models NISHA VARGHESE, M. PUNITHAVALLIChapter 10Online Subjective Question Answering System Necessity of Education System Madhav A. Kankhar, Bharat A. Shelke, C. Namrata Mahender