Social Context of Learning in India

Manoj Kumar Tiwary is an educationist and research fellow for a number of organisations based in India and the Netherlands. His research explores the social history of education, teacher training, and learning achievements, with a particular focus on Bihar.Sanjay Kumar is a scholar, practitioner, and founder of Deshkal Society, Delhi, India. He has been working in the areas of social diversity, inequality, and education for more than one and a half decades both in practice and scholarship. His articles, monographs, and occasional papers have been published in journals and magazines. He is the co-editor of various books: Interrogating Development: Insights from the Margins; School Education, Pluralism and Marginality: Comparative Perspectives; and Dynamics of Inclusive Classroom: Social Diversity, Inequality and School Education in India. His recent co-edited publication is The Marginalized Self: Tales of Resistance of a Community.Arvind Kumar Mishra teaches Social Psychology at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He is the co-editor of four books: Interrogating Development: Insights from the Margins (2010); School Education, Pluralism and Marginality: Comparative Perspectives (2012); Dynamics of Inclusive Classroom: Social Diversity, Inequality and School Education in India (2017); and The Marginalized Self: Tales of Resistance of a Community (2020). His research papers have been published in prestigious journals such as the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry and the Journal of Social and Political Psychology. His research interest focuses on theoretical and philosophical issues in psychology, resistance to modernity, self, and identity processes among marginalised communities.

"This volume seeks to provide theoretical and macro perspective towards the idea of learning achievement gap and poor learning at the outset and then moves on to capture the social context to the learning advantage or disadvantage. The proposed book then specifically identifies the micro issues of language, multilingual classroom contexts in schooling and their impact on learning processes and also the teacher attitudes and strategies in facilitating or not facilitating learning among socially disadvantaged social groups such as tribes."Anonymous Reviewer"The book illuminates the complex and embedded nature of school learning. By considering the contextual and personal factors, it offers an account of the academic achievement gap. The analyses presented have implications for the rejuvenation of the school system. The work deserves the serious attention of scholars and policymakers engaged with the issues of access, equality, and justice in society." Girishwar Misra, Former Vice Chancellor, Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishvavidyalaya, Wardha, and Former Professor and Head, Department of Psychology, Delhi University, Delhi "The Social Context of Learning in India offers a bold analysis of factors hindering the education of historically marginalized children and youth. This fascinating collection of chapters peels back layers of complexity that produce both successful learning among the middle classes, as well as failure among the poor. While the authors suggest no quick fix, they pinpoint specific problems that can be addressed. I highly recommend this valuable book for anyone interested in improving education in India."Christine Sleeter, Professor Emerita, California State University Monterey Bay, Member, National Academy of Education

• Introduction 1. Understanding Classroom Learning: Psychological Tools Approach to Education 2. The Power of Collective: Responses to Systemic Disadvantage in the Educational Context 3. The Family–School Relationship 4. Enabling Environment for Learning and the Middle-Class Advantage 5. Samaj and Sangat: Parental Construction of Children's Poor Educational Attainments in a Caste-Based Segregated Settlement 6. Textbook 'Proposes', Teacher 'Disposes': Marginalising Textbooks and Teachers' Strategies of Subversion 7. Teachers' Perceptions and Attitudes towards Adivasi Students and Their Effect on Children's Classroom Engagement 8. Understanding Comprehension: Classroom Problems with English for the EWS Child 9. Unequal Access to Learning in Bihar: Contemporary and Historical Perspectives