Najeeb M.A. Rasul obtained a Ph.D. in Geological Oceanography from the University of Wales, Swansea, U.K. He was with the Faculty of Marine Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, before joining the Saudi Geological Survey, where he was a Technical Adviser until 2022, and Head of the Center for Marine Geology from 2003 to 2010. He has held key research positions at the Geological and Geophysical Research Systems in Canada, the Challenger Division for Seafloor Processes at the Southampton Oceanography Centre, currently NOC, Southampton, and Environment Canada. He has conducted research cruises with European Union research centres, including the Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Italy, to the Red Sea and the IOC-UNESCO (TTR programme) in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. He was a EUROMARGINS and Saudi Scientific Coordinator. He has also been involved in research projects as chief scientist and principal investigator in the Western Basin of Lake Erie, the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and the Arabian Sea, and currently the Red Sea. His research interests have concentrated on both shallow and deepwater sedimentary processes, depositional mechanisms and environmental aspects.Ian C.F. Stewart received a Ph.D. in seismology from the University of Adelaide, South Australia. He is an independent geophysical consultant based in Adelaide, and has worked for numerous mining and oil companies in Australia, the Middle East, and elsewhere. From 1974 until 1982, he was with the Department of Earth Sciences at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, where he taught geophysics. He then carried out research for Saudi Aramco in the Exploration Department in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia from 1982 until 1996, and was in charge of the development and application of potential field methods throughout the Kingdom. Later he was involved in geophysical exploration in Australia. He was the Geophysical Technical Adviser to the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS), Jeddah, between 2003 and 2013, applying geophysical methods for mineral and groundwater exploration in the Kingdom, as well as carrying out earthquake studies. He is a member of several international organizations and has published numerous papers in addition to reports for the SGS, Saudi Aramco and other companies.

• 1. Introduction to rifting and sediments in the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf regionsNajeeb M.A. Rasul and Ian C.F. StewartRIFTING AND REGIONAL STRUCTURE2. Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northwestern Red Sea, Egypt - a reviewKen McClay, Samir M. Khalil, William Bosworth and Marta Perez Gussinye3. The Nubian-Arabian shield mantle and Cenozoic magmatism of western Arabia: new constraints from radiogenic isotopes and olivine geochemistryAlessio Sanfilippo, Mattia Bonazzi, Yue Cai, Najeeb Rasul, Luigi Vigliotti and Marco Ligi4. Shield suture zones control positions of oceanic spreading segment discontinuities in the central Red SeaA.Y. Izzeldin and Neil C. Mitchell5. The tectonic stability of ArabiaNeil C. Mitchell and William Bosworth6. The effects of mantle plumes on the Red Sea rifting and Cenozoic volcanism in the Arabian plateSung-Joon Chang, Jung-A Lim, and P. Martin Mai7. Structure of the continent-ocean transition in the Red Sea from gravity modelling of seismic refraction profiles off SudanOke I. Okwokwo and Neil C. Mitchell8. Crustal structure and major tectonic boundaries of the northern Red Sea area of EgyptSalah Saleh9. Anisotropic seismic structure of the northern East African Rift System and Red Sea from surface wavesEmma L. Chambers, Nicholas Harmon, Catherine A. Rychert and Derek Keir10. Oceanic basement roughness in the central Red SeaWen Shi, Neil C. Mitchell, Lara M. Kalnins, Ian C.F. Stewart and A.Y. IzzeldinMAGMATISM AND LITHOLOGY11. Neo-formed oceanic crust and salt basin splitting by igneous intrusions in the Red Sea and the South AtlanticWebster Ueipass Mohriak12. New tectonic subdivision of the Basement Complex, NE Sudan, proposed for correlation across the Arabian-Nubian shieldAbdel Halim Hassan El Nadi13. The origin of plagioclase lherzolite from Zabargad Island, northern Red SeaAli A. Khudeir, Kirsten Nicholson, Tyrone O. Rooney and Mohamed A. Abu El-RusSALT IN THE RED SEA14. The Global Salt Cycle (GSC) model applied to the Red Sea areaMartin Torvald Hovland, Håkon Rueslåtten and Hans Konrad Johnsen15. Origin of brines and salts on the Red Sea bottom - the serpentinite perspectiveVittorio ScribanoMARINE AND LITTORAL SEDIMENTS16. Primary and diagenetic evaporite minerals in sabkhas and saline pans (Red Sea and Arabian Gulf coasts)Mahmoud A. Aref, Gerhard H. Bachmann, Rushdi J. Taj, Ali A. Khawfany, Waheed F. Alnasser and Ammar Manaa17. Microbially-induced sedimentary surface structures (MISS) from the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf coastsMahmoud A. Aref18. Holocene sea level highstand evidence from beachrock and carbonate terraces along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coastAmmar Mannaa and Brian G. Jones19. Biostratigraphically constrained Neogene palaeoenvironments of the Red Sea rift complexG. Wyn Hughes and Osman Varol20. Surface shear wave properties of carbonate seafloor sediments in the Strait of HormuzAngus I. Best and Najeeb M.A. RasulGEOTHERMAL RESOURCES21. Red Sea geothermal belt: Potential clean energy source to power NEOM and nearby countriesVarun Chandrasekhar and Dornadula ChandrasekharamEARTHQUAKE HAZARD22. Seismotectonics and seismic hazard studies in and around the Red Sea RiftMahmoud Elhadidy, Hanan Gaber, Hazem Badreldin and Sherif Mohamed El-Nashar23. Earthquake hazard and risk analysis of the Red Sea regionE. Fergany and Y. Fahjan24. Seismic hazard and tectonics of the central and southern Red SeaNaila Babiker

Najeeb M.A. Rasul obtained a Ph.D. in Geological Oceanography from the University of Wales, Swansea, U.K. He was with the Faculty of Marine Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, before joining the Saudi Geological Survey, where he was a Technical Adviser until 2022, and Head of the Center for Marine Geology from 2003 to 2010. He has held key research positions at the Geological and Geophysical Research Systems in Canada, the Challenger Division for Seafloor Processes at the Southampton Oceanography Centre, currently NOC, Southampton, and Environment Canada. He has conducted research cruises with European Union research centres, including the Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Italy, to the Red Sea and the IOC-UNESCO (TTR programme) in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. He was a EUROMARGINS and Saudi Scientific Coordinator. He has also been involved in research projects as chief scientist and principal investigator in the Western Basin of Lake Erie, the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and the Arabian Sea, and currently the Red Sea. His research interests have concentrated on both shallow and deepwater sedimentary processes, depositional mechanisms and environmental aspects.Ian C.F. Stewart received a Ph.D. in seismology from the University of Adelaide, South Australia. He is an independent geophysical consultant based in Adelaide, and has worked for numerous mining and oil companies in Australia, the Middle East, and elsewhere. From 1974 until 1982, he was with the Department of Earth Sciences at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, where he taught geophysics. He then carried out research for Saudi Aramco in the Exploration Department in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia from 1982 until 1996, and was in charge of the development and application of potential field methods throughout the Kingdom. Later he was involved in geophysical exploration in Australia. He was the Geophysical Technical Adviser to the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS), Jeddah, between 2003 and 2013, applying geophysical methods for mineral and groundwater exploration in the Kingdom, as well as carrying out earthquake studies. He is a member of several international organizations and has published numerous papers in addition to reports for the SGS, Saudi Aramco and other companies.

• 1. Introduction to rifting and sediments in the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf regionsNajeeb M.A. Rasul and Ian C.F. StewartRIFTING AND REGIONAL STRUCTURE2. Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northwestern Red Sea, Egypt - a reviewKen McClay, Samir M. Khalil, William Bosworth and Marta Perez Gussinye3. The Nubian-Arabian shield mantle and Cenozoic magmatism of western Arabia: new constraints from radiogenic isotopes and olivine geochemistryAlessio Sanfilippo, Mattia Bonazzi, Yue Cai, Najeeb Rasul, Luigi Vigliotti and Marco Ligi4. Shield suture zones control positions of oceanic spreading segment discontinuities in the central Red SeaA.Y. Izzeldin and Neil C. Mitchell5. The tectonic stability of ArabiaNeil C. Mitchell and William Bosworth6. The effects of mantle plumes on the Red Sea rifting and Cenozoic volcanism in the Arabian plateSung-Joon Chang, Jung-A Lim, and P. Martin Mai7. Structure of the continent-ocean transition in the Red Sea from gravity modelling of seismic refraction profiles off SudanOke I. Okwokwo and Neil C. Mitchell8. Crustal structure and major tectonic boundaries of the northern Red Sea area of EgyptSalah Saleh9. Anisotropic seismic structure of the northern East African Rift System and Red Sea from surface wavesEmma L. Chambers, Nicholas Harmon, Catherine A. Rychert and Derek Keir10. Oceanic basement roughness in the central Red SeaWen Shi, Neil C. Mitchell, Lara M. Kalnins, Ian C.F. Stewart and A.Y. IzzeldinMAGMATISM AND LITHOLOGY11. Neo-formed oceanic crust and salt basin splitting by igneous intrusions in the Red Sea and the South AtlanticWebster Ueipass Mohriak12. New tectonic subdivision of the Basement Complex, NE Sudan, proposed for correlation across the Arabian-Nubian shieldAbdel Halim Hassan El Nadi13. The origin of plagioclase lherzolite from Zabargad Island, northern Red SeaAli A. Khudeir, Kirsten Nicholson, Tyrone O. Rooney and Mohamed A. Abu El-RusSALT IN THE RED SEA14. The Global Salt Cycle (GSC) model applied to the Red Sea areaMartin Torvald Hovland, Håkon Rueslåtten and Hans Konrad Johnsen15. Origin of brines and salts on the Red Sea bottom - the serpentinite perspectiveVittorio ScribanoMARINE AND LITTORAL SEDIMENTS16. Primary and diagenetic evaporite minerals in sabkhas and saline pans (Red Sea and Arabian Gulf coasts)Mahmoud A. Aref, Gerhard H. Bachmann, Rushdi J. Taj, Ali A. Khawfany, Waheed F. Alnasser and Ammar Manaa17. Microbially-induced sedimentary surface structures (MISS) from the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf coastsMahmoud A. Aref18. Holocene sea level highstand evidence from beachrock and carbonate terraces along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coastAmmar Mannaa and Brian G. Jones19. Biostratigraphically constrained Neogene palaeoenvironments of the Red Sea rift complexG. Wyn Hughes and Osman Varol20. Surface shear wave properties of carbonate seafloor sediments in the Strait of HormuzAngus I. Best and Najeeb M.A. RasulGEOTHERMAL RESOURCES21. Red Sea geothermal belt: Potential clean energy source to power NEOM and nearby countriesVarun Chandrasekhar and Dornadula ChandrasekharamEARTHQUAKE HAZARD22. Seismotectonics and seismic hazard studies in and around the Red Sea RiftMahmoud Elhadidy, Hanan Gaber, Hazem Badreldin and Sherif Mohamed El-Nashar23. Earthquake hazard and risk analysis of the Red Sea regionE. Fergany and Y. Fahjan24. Seismic hazard and tectonics of the central and southern Red SeaNaila Babiker

Najeeb M.A. Rasul obtained a Ph.D. in Geological Oceanography from the University of Wales, Swansea, U.K. He was with the Faculty of Marine Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, before joining the Saudi Geological Survey, where he was a Technical Adviser until 2022, and Head of the Center for Marine Geology from 2003 to 2010. He has held key research positions at the Geological and Geophysical Research Systems in Canada, the Challenger Division for Seafloor Processes at the Southampton Oceanography Centre, currently NOC, Southampton, and Environment Canada. He has conducted research cruises with European Union research centres, including the Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Italy, to the Red Sea and the IOC-UNESCO (TTR programme) in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. He was a EUROMARGINS and Saudi Scientific Coordinator. He has also been involved in research projects as chief scientist and principal investigator in the Western Basin of Lake Erie, the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and the Arabian Sea, and currently the Red Sea. His research interests have concentrated on both shallow and deepwater sedimentary processes, depositional mechanisms and environmental aspects.Ian C.F. Stewart received a Ph.D. in seismology from the University of Adelaide, South Australia. He is an independent geophysical consultant based in Adelaide, and has worked for numerous mining and oil companies in Australia, the Middle East, and elsewhere. From 1974 until 1982, he was with the Department of Earth Sciences at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, where he taught geophysics. He then carried out research for Saudi Aramco in the Exploration Department in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia from 1982 until 1996, and was in charge of the development and application of potential field methods throughout the Kingdom. Later he was involved in geophysical exploration in Australia. He was the Geophysical Technical Adviser to the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS), Jeddah, between 2003 and 2013, applying geophysical methods for mineral and groundwater exploration in the Kingdom, as well as carrying out earthquake studies. He is a member of several international organizations and has published numerous papers in addition to reports for the SGS, Saudi Aramco and other companies.

• 1. Introduction to rifting and sediments in the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf regionsNajeeb M.A. Rasul and Ian C.F. StewartRIFTING AND REGIONAL STRUCTURE2. Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northwestern Red Sea, Egypt - a reviewKen McClay, Samir M. Khalil, William Bosworth and Marta Perez Gussinye3. The Nubian-Arabian shield mantle and Cenozoic magmatism of western Arabia: new constraints from radiogenic isotopes and olivine geochemistryAlessio Sanfilippo, Mattia Bonazzi, Yue Cai, Najeeb Rasul, Luigi Vigliotti and Marco Ligi4. Shield suture zones control positions of oceanic spreading segment discontinuities in the central Red SeaA.Y. Izzeldin and Neil C. Mitchell5. The tectonic stability of ArabiaNeil C. Mitchell and William Bosworth6. The effects of mantle plumes on the Red Sea rifting and Cenozoic volcanism in the Arabian plateSung-Joon Chang, Jung-A Lim, and P. Martin Mai7. Structure of the continent-ocean transition in the Red Sea from gravity modelling of seismic refraction profiles off SudanOke I. Okwokwo and Neil C. Mitchell8. Crustal structure and major tectonic boundaries of the northern Red Sea area of EgyptSalah Saleh9. Anisotropic seismic structure of the northern East African Rift System and Red Sea from surface wavesEmma L. Chambers, Nicholas Harmon, Catherine A. Rychert and Derek Keir10. Oceanic basement roughness in the central Red SeaWen Shi, Neil C. Mitchell, Lara M. Kalnins, Ian C.F. Stewart and A.Y. IzzeldinMAGMATISM AND LITHOLOGY11. Neo-formed oceanic crust and salt basin splitting by igneous intrusions in the Red Sea and the South AtlanticWebster Ueipass Mohriak12. New tectonic subdivision of the Basement Complex, NE Sudan, proposed for correlation across the Arabian-Nubian shieldAbdel Halim Hassan El Nadi13. The origin of plagioclase lherzolite from Zabargad Island, northern Red SeaAli A. Khudeir, Kirsten Nicholson, Tyrone O. Rooney and Mohamed A. Abu El-RusSALT IN THE RED SEA14. The Global Salt Cycle (GSC) model applied to the Red Sea areaMartin Torvald Hovland, Håkon Rueslåtten and Hans Konrad Johnsen15. Origin of brines and salts on the Red Sea bottom - the serpentinite perspectiveVittorio ScribanoMARINE AND LITTORAL SEDIMENTS16. Primary and diagenetic evaporite minerals in sabkhas and saline pans (Red Sea and Arabian Gulf coasts)Mahmoud A. Aref, Gerhard H. Bachmann, Rushdi J. Taj, Ali A. Khawfany, Waheed F. Alnasser and Ammar Manaa17. Microbially-induced sedimentary surface structures (MISS) from the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf coastsMahmoud A. Aref18. Holocene sea level highstand evidence from beachrock and carbonate terraces along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coastAmmar Mannaa and Brian G. Jones19. Biostratigraphically constrained Neogene palaeoenvironments of the Red Sea rift complexG. Wyn Hughes and Osman Varol20. Surface shear wave properties of carbonate seafloor sediments in the Strait of HormuzAngus I. Best and Najeeb M.A. RasulGEOTHERMAL RESOURCES21. Red Sea geothermal belt: Potential clean energy source to power NEOM and nearby countriesVarun Chandrasekhar and Dornadula ChandrasekharamEARTHQUAKE HAZARD22. Seismotectonics and seismic hazard studies in and around the Red Sea RiftMahmoud Elhadidy, Hanan Gaber, Hazem Badreldin and Sherif Mohamed El-Nashar23. Earthquake hazard and risk analysis of the Red Sea regionE. Fergany and Y. Fahjan24. Seismic hazard and tectonics of the central and southern Red SeaNaila Babiker