Patrick W. Serruys, MD, PhD, eFESC, FACC is an established professor of Interventional medicine and innovation at NUI Galway, and senior consultant with CORRIB Research Centre for Advanced Imaging and Core Laboratory and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Ireland.Alain Cribier, MD, FACC, FESC was formerly emeritus professor of medicine and past-head of the Department of Cardiology at University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France.Helene Eltchaninoff, MD is professor and head of department of Cardiology, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Rouen, Rouen, France.Eberhard Grube, MD, MSCAI is professor of medicine and chief of the department of Cardiology and Angiology,University Hospital Bonn, Germany and Consulting Professor, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.Raj Makkar, MD is associated with the Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.Yoshinobu Onuma, MD, PhD is professor in Interventional Cardiology and medical director, CORRIB Core Laboratory, University of Galway, Ireland.John G Webb, MD, FRCPC is McLeod professor of Heart Valve Intervention, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.Martin B Leon, MD is the director of the Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.Associate Editors:TsungYing Tsai, PhD is associated with the CORRIB Core Laboratory, University of Galway, Ireland.Pruthvi C Revaiah, MD, DM is associated with the CORRIB Research Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Galway, Ireland.

a valuable resource for clinicians... a high-quality reference... an essential addition to the library of interventional cardiologists(Doody's Review)

• Preface.List of contributors.1.1. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation over the first 20 years: from an idea (balloon expandable valves) to human implementation. 1.2. Give the floor to the patients: the first transfemoral case in the world. 2.1. Normal anatomy and imaging. 2.2. Pathologic anatomy and imaging for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 2.3. Post- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation bioprosthetic valve degeneration and imaging modalities. 3. Risk scores (risk stratification). 4. Fundamentals of patient and device selection. 5. Staging of cardiac damage for patients with aortic stenosis. 6. Low flow-low-gradient Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. 7. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Access: from transfemoral to alternate access and closure strategies. 8.1. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (pre- and intra-procedural imaging): echocardiography. 8.2. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: multi-slice Computed Tomography. 8.3. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. 8.4. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (pre- and intra-procedural imaging): angiography. 9. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation devices, landscape, and patient-tailored device selection. 10. The minimalist approach to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 11. Bioprosthetic aortic valve thrombosis in the era of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: pathophysiology, diagnosis, incidence, clinical implications, and management. 12. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the bicuspid aortic valve. 13. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for severe aortic regurgitation. 14. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement. 15. Surgical explantation after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement failure. 16. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 17. Sophisticated hemodynamic assessment. 18. Evaluation of coronary artery disease, anatomical and physiological in patients with aortic stenosis. 19. Coronary obstruction following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 20. Coronary and commissural alignment of the novel Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation devices. 21. Antithrombotic therapy after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation - Antonio Greco and Davide Capodanno. 22. Embolic protection devices and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. 23.1. Complication: conduction disturbances. 23.2. Complication: stroke prevention and management. 23.3. Complication: Vascular and annular injury. 23.4. Complication: coronary complications (prevention and management). 23.5. Complication: management of concomitant coronary artery disease. 23.6. Complication: miscellaneous - infective endocarditis and acute renal dysfunction. 23.7. Complication: transcatheter valve embolization and migration. 24. Infective endocarditis and evolving transcatheter treatment options. 25. Virtual, mixed, and augmented reality in the aortic space. 26. The role of percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (before, during, and after). 27. The ongoing and missing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation trials (a search in clinical trials.gov). 28. Post-mortem and surgically removed valve pathology. 29.1. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Europe. 29.2. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: USA. 29.3. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Latin America. 29.4. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: China. 29.5. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: India. 29.6. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Japan. 29.7. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Taiwan and southeast Asia. 30. Novel Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation devices from emerging markets in China. 31. Novel Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation systems from India. 32. Prediction of the surgeons for the next decade (how the aortic valve will be treated). 33. The future of pharmacological prevention of aortic valve stenosis. 34. The future of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.Index.

Patrick W. Serruys, MD, PhD, eFESC, FACC is an established professor of Interventional medicine and innovation at NUI Galway, and senior consultant with CORRIB Research Centre for Advanced Imaging and Core Laboratory and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Ireland.Alain Cribier, MD, FACC, FESC was formerly emeritus professor of medicine and past-head of the Department of Cardiology at University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France.Helene Eltchaninoff, MD is professor and head of department of Cardiology, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Rouen, Rouen, France.Eberhard Grube, MD, MSCAI is professor of medicine and chief of the department of Cardiology and Angiology,University Hospital Bonn, Germany and Consulting Professor, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.Raj Makkar, MD is associated with the Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.Yoshinobu Onuma, MD, PhD is professor in Interventional Cardiology and medical director, CORRIB Core Laboratory, University of Galway, Ireland.John G Webb, MD, FRCPC is McLeod professor of Heart Valve Intervention, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.Martin B Leon, MD is the director of the Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.Associate Editors:TsungYing Tsai, PhD is associated with the CORRIB Core Laboratory, University of Galway, Ireland.Pruthvi C Revaiah, MD, DM is associated with the CORRIB Research Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Galway, Ireland.

a valuable resource for clinicians... a high-quality reference... an essential addition to the library of interventional cardiologists(Doody's Review)

• Preface.List of contributors.1.1. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation over the first 20 years: from an idea (balloon expandable valves) to human implementation. 1.2. Give the floor to the patients: the first transfemoral case in the world. 2.1. Normal anatomy and imaging. 2.2. Pathologic anatomy and imaging for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 2.3. Post- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation bioprosthetic valve degeneration and imaging modalities. 3. Risk scores (risk stratification). 4. Fundamentals of patient and device selection. 5. Staging of cardiac damage for patients with aortic stenosis. 6. Low flow-low-gradient Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. 7. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Access: from transfemoral to alternate access and closure strategies. 8.1. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (pre- and intra-procedural imaging): echocardiography. 8.2. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: multi-slice Computed Tomography. 8.3. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. 8.4. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (pre- and intra-procedural imaging): angiography. 9. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation devices, landscape, and patient-tailored device selection. 10. The minimalist approach to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 11. Bioprosthetic aortic valve thrombosis in the era of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: pathophysiology, diagnosis, incidence, clinical implications, and management. 12. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the bicuspid aortic valve. 13. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for severe aortic regurgitation. 14. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement. 15. Surgical explantation after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement failure. 16. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 17. Sophisticated hemodynamic assessment. 18. Evaluation of coronary artery disease, anatomical and physiological in patients with aortic stenosis. 19. Coronary obstruction following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 20. Coronary and commissural alignment of the novel Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation devices. 21. Antithrombotic therapy after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation - Antonio Greco and Davide Capodanno. 22. Embolic protection devices and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. 23.1. Complication: conduction disturbances. 23.2. Complication: stroke prevention and management. 23.3. Complication: Vascular and annular injury. 23.4. Complication: coronary complications (prevention and management). 23.5. Complication: management of concomitant coronary artery disease. 23.6. Complication: miscellaneous - infective endocarditis and acute renal dysfunction. 23.7. Complication: transcatheter valve embolization and migration. 24. Infective endocarditis and evolving transcatheter treatment options. 25. Virtual, mixed, and augmented reality in the aortic space. 26. The role of percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (before, during, and after). 27. The ongoing and missing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation trials (a search in clinical trials.gov). 28. Post-mortem and surgically removed valve pathology. 29.1. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Europe. 29.2. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: USA. 29.3. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Latin America. 29.4. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: China. 29.5. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: India. 29.6. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Japan. 29.7. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Taiwan and southeast Asia. 30. Novel Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation devices from emerging markets in China. 31. Novel Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation systems from India. 32. Prediction of the surgeons for the next decade (how the aortic valve will be treated). 33. The future of pharmacological prevention of aortic valve stenosis. 34. The future of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.Index.

Patrick W. Serruys, MD, PhD, eFESC, FACC is an established professor of Interventional medicine and innovation at NUI Galway, and senior consultant with CORRIB Research Centre for Advanced Imaging and Core Laboratory and College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Ireland.Alain Cribier, MD, FACC, FESC was formerly emeritus professor of medicine and past-head of the Department of Cardiology at University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France.Helene Eltchaninoff, MD is professor and head of department of Cardiology, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Rouen, Rouen, France.Eberhard Grube, MD, MSCAI is professor of medicine and chief of the department of Cardiology and Angiology,University Hospital Bonn, Germany and Consulting Professor, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.Raj Makkar, MD is associated with the Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.Yoshinobu Onuma, MD, PhD is professor in Interventional Cardiology and medical director, CORRIB Core Laboratory, University of Galway, Ireland.John G Webb, MD, FRCPC is McLeod professor of Heart Valve Intervention, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.Martin B Leon, MD is the director of the Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.Associate Editors:TsungYing Tsai, PhD is associated with the CORRIB Core Laboratory, University of Galway, Ireland.Pruthvi C Revaiah, MD, DM is associated with the CORRIB Research Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Galway, Ireland.

a valuable resource for clinicians... a high-quality reference... an essential addition to the library of interventional cardiologists(Doody's Review)

• Preface.List of contributors.1.1. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation over the first 20 years: from an idea (balloon expandable valves) to human implementation. 1.2. Give the floor to the patients: the first transfemoral case in the world. 2.1. Normal anatomy and imaging. 2.2. Pathologic anatomy and imaging for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 2.3. Post- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation bioprosthetic valve degeneration and imaging modalities. 3. Risk scores (risk stratification). 4. Fundamentals of patient and device selection. 5. Staging of cardiac damage for patients with aortic stenosis. 6. Low flow-low-gradient Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. 7. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Access: from transfemoral to alternate access and closure strategies. 8.1. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (pre- and intra-procedural imaging): echocardiography. 8.2. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: multi-slice Computed Tomography. 8.3. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. 8.4. Imaging guidance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (pre- and intra-procedural imaging): angiography. 9. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation devices, landscape, and patient-tailored device selection. 10. The minimalist approach to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 11. Bioprosthetic aortic valve thrombosis in the era of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: pathophysiology, diagnosis, incidence, clinical implications, and management. 12. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the bicuspid aortic valve. 13. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for severe aortic regurgitation. 14. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement. 15. Surgical explantation after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement failure. 16. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 17. Sophisticated hemodynamic assessment. 18. Evaluation of coronary artery disease, anatomical and physiological in patients with aortic stenosis. 19. Coronary obstruction following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. 20. Coronary and commissural alignment of the novel Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation devices. 21. Antithrombotic therapy after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation - Antonio Greco and Davide Capodanno. 22. Embolic protection devices and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. 23.1. Complication: conduction disturbances. 23.2. Complication: stroke prevention and management. 23.3. Complication: Vascular and annular injury. 23.4. Complication: coronary complications (prevention and management). 23.5. Complication: management of concomitant coronary artery disease. 23.6. Complication: miscellaneous - infective endocarditis and acute renal dysfunction. 23.7. Complication: transcatheter valve embolization and migration. 24. Infective endocarditis and evolving transcatheter treatment options. 25. Virtual, mixed, and augmented reality in the aortic space. 26. The role of percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (before, during, and after). 27. The ongoing and missing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation trials (a search in clinical trials.gov). 28. Post-mortem and surgically removed valve pathology. 29.1. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Europe. 29.2. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: USA. 29.3. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Latin America. 29.4. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: China. 29.5. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: India. 29.6. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Japan. 29.7. Worldwide geographic dissemination of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Taiwan and southeast Asia. 30. Novel Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation devices from emerging markets in China. 31. Novel Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation systems from India. 32. Prediction of the surgeons for the next decade (how the aortic valve will be treated). 33. The future of pharmacological prevention of aortic valve stenosis. 34. The future of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.Index.