Peter B.M.J. Pijpers, Faculty of Military Sciences, Netherlands Defence Academy and Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands

‘Peter Pijpers has dug deep into the question of influence operations in cyberspace, which are politically abhorred but often do not break any major laws – neither domestically nor internationally. Zooming in on international law Pijpers warns about a lack of legal clarity that creates a legal grey zone that malign States eagerly exploit. His solution to this problem is a well-argued plea to reconceptualise coercion in cyberspace and draw a line in the sand.’

• Contents: Preface 1. Introduction to Influence Operations in Cyberspace 2. Influence operations – the concept 3. On influence operations – the case studies 4. Sovereignty and non-intervention – the legal framework 5. Legal analysis 6. Conclusions and reflections on Influence Operations in Cyberspace Index

Peter B.M.J. Pijpers, Faculty of Military Sciences, Netherlands Defence Academy and Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands

‘Peter Pijpers has dug deep into the question of influence operations in cyberspace, which are politically abhorred but often do not break any major laws – neither domestically nor internationally. Zooming in on international law Pijpers warns about a lack of legal clarity that creates a legal grey zone that malign States eagerly exploit. His solution to this problem is a well-argued plea to reconceptualise coercion in cyberspace and draw a line in the sand.’

• Contents: Preface 1. Introduction to Influence Operations in Cyberspace 2. Influence operations – the concept 3. On influence operations – the case studies 4. Sovereignty and non-intervention – the legal framework 5. Legal analysis 6. Conclusions and reflections on Influence Operations in Cyberspace Index