Taking classifiers as its foundation, this book explores the cognitive typological similarities and differences between Chinese and English classifier-noun structures. As a primarily theoretical work, it diverges from traditional grammatical analysis and pedagogical grammar research.The book is structured in two parts. The first part provides an ontological and cognitive analysis of Chinese classifier-noun structures, focusing on prototypical and non-prototypical forms, as well as conventional and unconventional classifier-noun collocations. The analysis draws on frameworks such as prototype theory, image schemas, conceptual metaphor, conceptual metonymy, and construction grammar. The second part offers a cognitive typological comparison of Chinese and English classifier-noun structures, examining non-prototypical forms, unconventional collocations, syntactic behaviours, and dialectical relationships. By integrating cognitive linguistics and linguistic typology, the book highlights correlations between typological features and cognitive thinking patterns, contributing to the development of cognitive typology as a discipline.This book will appeal to linguists and students interested in classifier-noun structures, cognitive linguistics, and Chinese-English comparative studies. It also serves as a valuable guide for Chinese language learners seeking insights into typical expressions and the cognitive aspects of Chinese-English cultural comparison.