James W.J. Bowden has written extensively on Canadian history and politics since 2011 and worked as a Senior Analyst with Elections Canada in support of the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commissions in the 2020s.

• PrefaceAcknowledgments IntroductionPart 1 Chapter 1: What the Constitution Act Says About Representation in the House of CommonsChapter 2: The Representation Formulas, 1867–2011Chapter 3: The Representation Formulas, 2011–2022Chapter 4: The Constitutional Quandary of MalapportionmentChapter 5: Gerrymandering and Electoral Redistributions pre-EBRAChapter 6: The Doctrine of Effective RepresentationPart 2 Chapter 7: Redistribution 2022 under the Constitution Act, 1867, the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, and the Canada Elections ActChapter 8: The Proposals and the Public HearingsChapter 9: How the FEBCs Decided Where to Draw the LineChapter 10: MPs' Objections to the Preliminary Reports at PROCChapter 11: The FEBCs Respond to MPsChapter 12: The Federal Court Upholds the New Electoral Boundaries in Nova Scotia and QuebecPart 3 Chapter 13: Everything Old Is New Again under EBRAChapter 14: Preparing for the Next Electoral Boundaries Readjustment in the 2030sConclusion: Contesting the Nature of RepresentationAppendicesTable of CasesTable of Statutes NotesBibliographyIndex About the Author/Editor

James W.J. Bowden has written extensively on Canadian history and politics since 2011 and worked as a Senior Analyst with Elections Canada in support of the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commissions in the 2020s.

• PrefaceAcknowledgments IntroductionPart 1 Chapter 1: What the Constitution Act Says About Representation in the House of CommonsChapter 2: The Representation Formulas, 1867–2011Chapter 3: The Representation Formulas, 2011–2022Chapter 4: The Constitutional Quandary of MalapportionmentChapter 5: Gerrymandering and Electoral Redistributions pre-EBRAChapter 6: The Doctrine of Effective RepresentationPart 2 Chapter 7: Redistribution 2022 under the Constitution Act, 1867, the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, and the Canada Elections ActChapter 8: The Proposals and the Public HearingsChapter 9: How the FEBCs Decided Where to Draw the LineChapter 10: MPs' Objections to the Preliminary Reports at PROCChapter 11: The FEBCs Respond to MPsChapter 12: The Federal Court Upholds the New Electoral Boundaries in Nova Scotia and QuebecPart 3 Chapter 13: Everything Old Is New Again under EBRAChapter 14: Preparing for the Next Electoral Boundaries Readjustment in the 2030sConclusion: Contesting the Nature of RepresentationAppendicesTable of CasesTable of Statutes NotesBibliographyIndex About the Author/Editor

James W.J. Bowden has written extensively on Canadian history and politics since 2011 and worked as a Senior Analyst with Elections Canada in support of the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commissions in the 2020s.

• PrefaceAcknowledgments IntroductionPart 1 Chapter 1: What the Constitution Act Says About Representation in the House of CommonsChapter 2: The Representation Formulas, 1867–2011Chapter 3: The Representation Formulas, 2011–2022Chapter 4: The Constitutional Quandary of MalapportionmentChapter 5: Gerrymandering and Electoral Redistributions pre-EBRAChapter 6: The Doctrine of Effective RepresentationPart 2 Chapter 7: Redistribution 2022 under the Constitution Act, 1867, the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, and the Canada Elections ActChapter 8: The Proposals and the Public HearingsChapter 9: How the FEBCs Decided Where to Draw the LineChapter 10: MPs' Objections to the Preliminary Reports at PROCChapter 11: The FEBCs Respond to MPsChapter 12: The Federal Court Upholds the New Electoral Boundaries in Nova Scotia and QuebecPart 3 Chapter 13: Everything Old Is New Again under EBRAChapter 14: Preparing for the Next Electoral Boundaries Readjustment in the 2030sConclusion: Contesting the Nature of RepresentationAppendicesTable of CasesTable of Statutes NotesBibliographyIndex About the Author/Editor