Preventing Black Market Trade in Nuclear Technology

Matthew Bunn is a Professor of Practice at the Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Massachusetts. His research interests include nuclear theft and terrorism; nuclear proliferation and measures to control it; the future of nuclear energy and its fuel cycle; and innovation in energy technologies. Before coming to Harvard, Bunn served as an adviser to the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, as a study director at the National Academy of Sciences, and as editor of Arms Control Today. He is the author or co-author of more than twenty books or major technical reports (most recently Insider Threats (2016)), and over a hundred articles in publications ranging from Science to The Washington Post. Martin B. Malin is the Executive Director of the Project on Managing the Atom at the Belfer Center, for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School. His research focuses on arms control and nonproliferation in the Middle East, US nonproliferation and counter-proliferation strategies, and the security consequences of the growth and spread of nuclear energy. His recent work includes a review of strategies for preventing illicit trade in nuclear-related technology, an examination of Israeli leaders' perception of the threat of a nuclear-armed Iran, and an analysis of the regional conditions conducive to the creation of a WMD-free zone in the Middle East. Prior to coming to the Kennedy School, Malin taught courses on international relations, American foreign policy, and Middle East politics at Columbia University, Barnard College, New York and Rutgers University, New Jersey. He also served as Director of the Program on Science and Global Security at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. William C. Potter is Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Founding Director of the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey. He is the author or editor of over twenty books, including two volumes on Forecasting Nuclear Proliferation in the 21st Century (2010), The Global Politics of Combating Nuclear Terrorism (2010), and Nuclear Politics and the Non-Aligned Movement (2012). Dr Potter has served on numerous committees of the US National Academy of Sciences and for five years he was a member of the UN Secretary-General's Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters. He has been an advisor to the delegation of Kyrgyzstan at every NPT Review Conference and Preparatory Committee meeting since 1995. Leonard S. Spector is Executive Director of the Washington, DC office of the Middlebury Institute of International Studies' James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. In his many years as a specialist on nuclear affairs, he has served as Assistant Deputy Administrator for Arms Control and Nonproliferation at the National Nuclear Security Administration, founding director of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Chief Counsel of the Senate Energy and Nonproliferation Subcommittee, and Special Counsel at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Mr Spector is the author or co-author of eight books and numerous articles on nonproliferation and comments frequently on this subject in the media.

'A compelling analysis of the failures of policy, intelligence, law enforcement and private sector governance in the past, and the continuing challenges facing the control of illicit nuclear technology transfers. This book is a sharply focused and intensely practical contribution to solving one of the world's most dangerous problems, and policymakers will ignore it at their peril.' Gareth Evans, Former Australian Foreign Minister, Co-chair of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament and co-author of Nuclear Weapons: The State of Play

• 1. Introduction: the problem of black-market nuclear technology networks Matthew Bunn and William C. Potter; 2. The world of illicit nuclear trade: present and future David Albright and Andrea Stricker; 3. The role of intelligence in countering illicit nuclear-related procurement Thomas Fingar; 4. Strengthening the global law enforcement response Leonard Spector; 5. Strengthening sanctions and interdiction Mark Fitzpatrick; 6. Strengthening global nuclear export controls Ian Anthony; 7. The private sector's role in stopping black market nuclear technology networks Robert Shaw; 8. Strengthening global non-proliferation financial controls Justine Walker; 9. Strengthening the role of international organizations in dealing with illicit nuclear technology networks Olli Heinonen; 10. Countering nuclear black markets by strengthening nonproliferation culture Matthew Bunn; 11. Stopping black-market nuclear technology networks: a view from Russia Vladimir Orlov and Aleksandr Cheban; 12. Out-of-the box initiatives to combat illicit nuclear technology procurement networks John S. Park, Leonard Spector and Ian J. Stewart; 13. Conclusion: stopping illicit trade in nuclear technology: progress, gaps, and next steps Martin B. Malin, Matthew Bunn, Leonard Spector and William C. Potter.