Roger Masterman is Professor of Constitutional Law at the Law School, University of Durham. His research interests are in constitutional law and reform, rights instruments, and in the interplay between national and international constitutional laws. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the UK Constitutional Law Association, and of the editorial committee of Public Law. Robert Schütze is a Professor of Law and Co-Director of the Global Policy Institute at the University of Durham as well as Visiting Professor at the College of Europe (Bruges) and Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli, Rome. He is a constitutional scholar with a particular expertise in the law of the European Union and comparative federalism.

'This collection of analytic essays on topics ranging from institutions of governance to concepts central to constitutionalism provides a fine introduction to the state of the field.' Mark Tushnet, William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law, Harvard University

• Part I. Theoretical Foundations: 1. Comparative methodologies Ran Hirschl; 2. Constitutionalism(s) Robert Schütze; Part II. Historical Experiences: 3. The United Kingdom constitution Mark Elliott; 4. French constitutional law Denis Baranger; 5. US constitutional law Vicki C. Jackson; 6. The constitution of the Republic of India Anashri Pillay; 7. The constitution of China Qianfan Zhang; Part III. Constitutional Principles: 8. Democracy Paul Craig; 9. Separation of powers Christoph Möllers; 10. The rule of law András Sajó; 11. Human rights law Conor Gearty; 12. Federalism Raffaele Bifulco; Part IV. State Institutions: 13. Parliaments Nicola Lupo; 14. Governments Philipp Dann; 15. Administration Susan Rose-Ackerman; 16. Courts with constitutional jurisdiction Cheryl Saunders; 17. Independent fiscal institutions Cal Viney and Thomas Poole; Part V. Transnational Constitutionalism: 18. Multi-layered constitutions Roger Masterman; 19. International constitutionalism Jan Klabbers; 20. European constitutionalism Kaarlo Tuori; 21. A new Commonwealth constitutionalism? Claudia Geiringer; 22. Constitutional transplants Gábor Halmai.

Roger Masterman is Professor of Constitutional Law at the Law School, University of Durham. His research interests are in constitutional law and reform, rights instruments, and in the interplay between national and international constitutional laws. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the UK Constitutional Law Association, and of the editorial committee of Public Law. Robert Schütze is a Professor of Law and Co-Director of the Global Policy Institute at the University of Durham as well as Visiting Professor at the College of Europe (Bruges) and Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli, Rome. He is a constitutional scholar with a particular expertise in the law of the European Union and comparative federalism.

'This collection of analytic essays on topics ranging from institutions of governance to concepts central to constitutionalism provides a fine introduction to the state of the field.' Mark Tushnet, William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law, Harvard University

• Part I. Theoretical Foundations: 1. Comparative methodologies Ran Hirschl; 2. Constitutionalism(s) Robert Schütze; Part II. Historical Experiences: 3. The United Kingdom constitution Mark Elliott; 4. French constitutional law Denis Baranger; 5. US constitutional law Vicki C. Jackson; 6. The constitution of the Republic of India Anashri Pillay; 7. The constitution of China Qianfan Zhang; Part III. Constitutional Principles: 8. Democracy Paul Craig; 9. Separation of powers Christoph Möllers; 10. The rule of law András Sajó; 11. Human rights law Conor Gearty; 12. Federalism Raffaele Bifulco; Part IV. State Institutions: 13. Parliaments Nicola Lupo; 14. Governments Philipp Dann; 15. Administration Susan Rose-Ackerman; 16. Courts with constitutional jurisdiction Cheryl Saunders; 17. Independent fiscal institutions Cal Viney and Thomas Poole; Part V. Transnational Constitutionalism: 18. Multi-layered constitutions Roger Masterman; 19. International constitutionalism Jan Klabbers; 20. European constitutionalism Kaarlo Tuori; 21. A new Commonwealth constitutionalism? Claudia Geiringer; 22. Constitutional transplants Gábor Halmai.

Roger Masterman is Professor of Constitutional Law at the Law School, University of Durham. His research interests are in constitutional law and reform, rights instruments, and in the interplay between national and international constitutional laws. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the UK Constitutional Law Association, and of the editorial committee of Public Law. Robert Schütze is a Professor of Law and Co-Director of the Global Policy Institute at the University of Durham as well as Visiting Professor at the College of Europe (Bruges) and Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli, Rome. He is a constitutional scholar with a particular expertise in the law of the European Union and comparative federalism.

'This collection of analytic essays on topics ranging from institutions of governance to concepts central to constitutionalism provides a fine introduction to the state of the field.' Mark Tushnet, William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law, Harvard University

• Part I. Theoretical Foundations: 1. Comparative methodologies Ran Hirschl; 2. Constitutionalism(s) Robert Schütze; Part II. Historical Experiences: 3. The United Kingdom constitution Mark Elliott; 4. French constitutional law Denis Baranger; 5. US constitutional law Vicki C. Jackson; 6. The constitution of the Republic of India Anashri Pillay; 7. The constitution of China Qianfan Zhang; Part III. Constitutional Principles: 8. Democracy Paul Craig; 9. Separation of powers Christoph Möllers; 10. The rule of law András Sajó; 11. Human rights law Conor Gearty; 12. Federalism Raffaele Bifulco; Part IV. State Institutions: 13. Parliaments Nicola Lupo; 14. Governments Philipp Dann; 15. Administration Susan Rose-Ackerman; 16. Courts with constitutional jurisdiction Cheryl Saunders; 17. Independent fiscal institutions Cal Viney and Thomas Poole; Part V. Transnational Constitutionalism: 18. Multi-layered constitutions Roger Masterman; 19. International constitutionalism Jan Klabbers; 20. European constitutionalism Kaarlo Tuori; 21. A new Commonwealth constitutionalism? Claudia Geiringer; 22. Constitutional transplants Gábor Halmai.