Ilia Murtazashvili is currently an Assistant Professor at the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh. He holds a PhD in political science and an MA in agricultural and applied economics from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Murtazashvili's research focuses on political economy and institutional design. He is the co-author, with Donald Alexander Downs, of Arms and the University: Military Presence and the Civic Education of Non-Military Students (Cambridge, 2012).

'In The Political Economy of the American Frontier, Ilia Murtazashvili provides a significant reinterpretation of US land policy in the nineteenth century. His detailed analysis of the role of claims clubs in lowering the price paid to purchase government land raises interesting questions about the reasons why the federal government chose not to maximize its revenue from land sales. Murtazashvili's arguments are based on considerable historical research, making an important contribution to the study of the impact of institutions and to understanding American economic and political history.' Stanley Engerman, John H. Munro Professor of Economics and Professor of History, University of Rochester, New York

• 1. Introduction; Part I. The Origins of Property Institutions: 2. A theory of claim clubs; 3. From spontaneous order to conscious choice: claim clubs on the frontier; 4. Bandits within the state: an assessment of claim clubs as property institutions; Part II. Change in Property Institutions: 5. Claim clubs, distributive conflict, and the origins of squatters' rights; 6. The political economy of homesteads; 7. The open floodgate in the far West; 8. The influence of claim clubs in the States; 9. Conclusion.

Ilia Murtazashvili is currently an Assistant Professor at the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh. He holds a PhD in political science and an MA in agricultural and applied economics from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Murtazashvili's research focuses on political economy and institutional design. He is the co-author, with Donald Alexander Downs, of Arms and the University: Military Presence and the Civic Education of Non-Military Students (Cambridge, 2012).

'In The Political Economy of the American Frontier, Ilia Murtazashvili provides a significant reinterpretation of US land policy in the nineteenth century. His detailed analysis of the role of claims clubs in lowering the price paid to purchase government land raises interesting questions about the reasons why the federal government chose not to maximize its revenue from land sales. Murtazashvili's arguments are based on considerable historical research, making an important contribution to the study of the impact of institutions and to understanding American economic and political history.' Stanley Engerman, John H. Munro Professor of Economics and Professor of History, University of Rochester, New York

• 1. Introduction; Part I. The Origins of Property Institutions: 2. A theory of claim clubs; 3. From spontaneous order to conscious choice: claim clubs on the frontier; 4. Bandits within the state: an assessment of claim clubs as property institutions; Part II. Change in Property Institutions: 5. Claim clubs, distributive conflict, and the origins of squatters' rights; 6. The political economy of homesteads; 7. The open floodgate in the far West; 8. The influence of claim clubs in the States; 9. Conclusion.

Ilia Murtazashvili is currently an Assistant Professor at the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh. He holds a PhD in political science and an MA in agricultural and applied economics from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Murtazashvili's research focuses on political economy and institutional design. He is the co-author, with Donald Alexander Downs, of Arms and the University: Military Presence and the Civic Education of Non-Military Students (Cambridge, 2012).

'In The Political Economy of the American Frontier, Ilia Murtazashvili provides a significant reinterpretation of US land policy in the nineteenth century. His detailed analysis of the role of claims clubs in lowering the price paid to purchase government land raises interesting questions about the reasons why the federal government chose not to maximize its revenue from land sales. Murtazashvili's arguments are based on considerable historical research, making an important contribution to the study of the impact of institutions and to understanding American economic and political history.' Stanley Engerman, John H. Munro Professor of Economics and Professor of History, University of Rochester, New York

• 1. Introduction; Part I. The Origins of Property Institutions: 2. A theory of claim clubs; 3. From spontaneous order to conscious choice: claim clubs on the frontier; 4. Bandits within the state: an assessment of claim clubs as property institutions; Part II. Change in Property Institutions: 5. Claim clubs, distributive conflict, and the origins of squatters' rights; 6. The political economy of homesteads; 7. The open floodgate in the far West; 8. The influence of claim clubs in the States; 9. Conclusion.