Rare Causes of Stroke

Derya Uluduz is Neurology, Vascular Neurology and Algology Specialist, Faculty Member of Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Department of Neurology. Main interests are primary stroke prevention, neurosonology, headache, migraine-stroke. President of BEYİNDER-Turkish Stroke Patients Association. Board Member of Social Media Committee and Education Committee in European Stroke Organization, Turkish Representative of ESO-East Committee. Vice President of Turkish Global Migraine and Pain Association. Board Member of Turkish Neurological Association Headache Working Group. Vice President of the 'Lifting the Burden' group of the International Headache Society. Global Coordinator of the Lifting the Burden – pediatric headaches subgroup. Turkish representative of International Headache Society and European Headache Federation. She has over 100 scientific studies on stroke and headache. She takes part in informative statements and social projects for the benefit of the public and has a very active role in the civil society initiative to increase awareness of stroke through communication instruments, TV etc. Dr. Anita Arsovska is Head of Department for Urgent Neurology at the University Clinic of Neurology and Professor of Neurology at the University 'Ss Cyril and Methodius', Faculty of Medicine in Skopje, North Macedonia. Her main interests involve acute stroke management, neurosonology and neuroimaging. Prof. Arsovska is Full member of EAN, Fellow of ESO and Board member of WSO. She is current Vice-President of SAFE and Associate Commissioning Editor of WSA. Prof. Arsovska is very active in promoting stroke prevention and raising stroke awareness, organizing many public campaigns, scientific meetings and supporting European and World Stroke Day.

'… a worthy companion to doctors both inside and outside neurology.' Brendan Huang, Doody's Reviews

• 1. Inflammatory conditions; 1.1.Isolated vasculitis of the central nervous system; 1.2. Primary systemic vasculitis; 1.2.a. Giant cell vasculitis; 1.2.a.1. Temporal arteritis; 1.2.a.2. Takayasu arteritis; 1.2.b. Necrotising Vasculitis; 1.2.b.1. Polyarteritis Nodosa(PAN); 1.2.b.2. Churg strauss syndrome; 1.2.c. Granulomatosis vasculitis; 1.2.c.1. Wegener granulomatosis; 1.2.c.2. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis; 1.2.d. Vasculitis with prominent eye movement; 1.2.d.1. Susac syndrome; 1.2.d.2. Vogt koyanagi harada disease; 1.2.d.3. Easles disease; 1.2.d.4. Cogan disease; 1.3. Vasculitis secondary to systemic disease; 1.3.a. Systemic lupus erythematosis; 1.3.b. Behçet's disease; 1.3.c. Syögren syndrome; 1.3.d. Sarcoidosis; 1.3.e. Inflammatory bowel disease; 1.3.f. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy related; 2. Infectious and postinfectious vasculitis; 2.1. Meningovascular syphilis; 2.2.Neuroborelliosis; 2.3. Tuberculosis meningitis; 2.4. Bacterial meningitis; 2.5. Neurocysticercosis; 2.6. VZV related: CMV and herpes infections; 2.7. HIV infection; 2.8. Chagas disease; 3. Hypercoagulable causes of stroke; 3.1. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; 3.2. Hyperhomocysteinemia; 3.3. Hyperviscosity syndrome; 3.4. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and moschkowitz syndrome; 3.5. Henoch schönlein purpura; 3.6. Cancer associated stroke; 4. Drug related stroke; 4.1. Medication related stroke; 4.2. Illicit drug related stroke; 5. Hereditary and genetic causes of stroke; 5.1. Genetic collagen disorders; 5.1.a. Ehlerdanlos syndrome; 5.1.b. Marfan syndrome; 5.1.d. Neurofibromatosis; 5.2. Genetic small vessel disease; 5.2.a. Cerebral autosomal dominant /recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy-CADASIL and CARASIL; 5.2.b.Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy with systemic manifestations (RVCL-S); 5.3. Genetic metabolic diseases; 5.3.a. Fabry disease; 5.3.b. Mitokondrial diseases; 5.3.c. Menkes disease; 5.3.d. Tangier disease; 5.3.e. Organic acid disorders; 6. Rare causes of cardioembolism; 6.1. Paradoxal embolism: Patent foramen ovale; 6.2. Infective Endocarditis; 7. Vasospastic conditions and other vasculopathies; 7.1. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome; 7.2. Eclampsia and stroke during pregnancy and postpartum; 7.3. Migraine and migraine like conditions; 8. Other non-inflammatory vasculopathies; 8.1. Moyamoya disease; 8.2. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy; 8.3. Dolicoectasia and fusiform aneurysms; 8.4. Carotid artery dissection; 9.Venous occlusive conditions; 9.1. Cerebral venous thrombosis; 10.1. Bone disorders and stroke; 10.2. Eagle syndrome.