Computer Organization & Architecture

Alan Clements studied Electronics at the University of Sussex. He was awarded a Ph.D. at Loughborough University in equalizers for digital data transmission in 1976. During the 1970s when literature on microcomputer design was comparatively rare, Dr. Clements wrote one of the first books in this area, The Principles of Computer Hardware. It was one of the first undergraduate texts to cover the whole spectrum of computer hardware at an introductory level, with topics ranging from Boolean algebra to peripherals that measure rotational velocity. In the 1980s Dr. Clements wrote a definitive text on microprocessor systems design which featured Motorola processors. Motorola honored Dr. Clements by endowing him with a personal chair at Teesside. Following his earlier successes Dr. Clements has become increasingly interested in the problems of teaching computer architecture and involved with education. In 2001 he became chair of the Computer Society's international student competition, CSIDC and in the same year received a National Teaching Fellowship in the UK, the UK's highest award for higher education. In 2009 he was elected Fellow of the IEEE for contributions to computer science education and became also became second Vice President of the IEEE Computer Society. Dr. Clements is the recipient of the 2002 Computer Science Engineering Undergraduate Teaching Award (IEEE CS) for teaching excellence reflected on textbooks with major impact on computer architecture education as well is the 2007 Taylor L. Booth award recipient for outstanding contributions to education in the field of computer architecture.

• Part I. The Beginning1. Computer Systems Architecture What is Computer Systems Architecture? Architecture and Organization. Development of Computers. The Stored Program Computer. The Stored Program Concept. Overview of the Computer System. Modern Computing2. Computer Arithmetic and Digital Logic What is Data? Numbers.Binary Arithmetic. Signed Integers. Introduction to Multiplication and Division. Floating-Point Numbers. Floating-Point Arithmetic. Floating-Point Arithmetic and the Programmer. Computer Logic. Sequential Circuits. Buses and Tristate Gates. Part II. Instruction Set Architectures3. Architecture and OrganizationIntroduction to the Stored Program Machine. The Components of an ISA. ARM Instruction Set Architecture. ARM Assembly Language. ARM Data-Processing Instructions. ARM's Flow Control Instructions. ARM Addressing Modes. Subroutine Call and Return. Intermission: Examples of ARM Code. Subroutines and the Stack. Data Size and Arrangement. Consolidation – Putting Things Together 4. Instruction Set Architectures – Breadth and Depth Historical Background. The Stack and Data Storage. Privileged Modes and Exceptions. MIPS: Another RISC. Data Processing and Data Movement. Memory Indirect Addressing. Compressed Code, RISC, Thumb, and MIPS16. Variable-Length Instructions. 5. Computer Architecture and Multimedia Applications of High-Performance Computing. Multimedia Influences – Reinventing the CISC. Introduction to SIMD Processing. Streaming Extensions and the Development of SIMD Technology. Part III. Organization and Efficiency6. Performance – Meaning and Metrics Progress and Computer Technology. The Performance of a Computer. Computer Metrics. Amdahl's Law. Benchmarks. SPEC. Averaging Metrics.7. Processor Control The Generic Digital Processor. RISC Organization. Introduction to Pipelining. Branches and the Branch Penalty. Branch Prediction. Dynamic Branch Prediction. 8. Beyond RISC: Superscalar, VLIW, and Itanium Superscalar Architecture. Binary Translation. EPIC Architecture. Part IV. The System9. Cache Memory and Virtual Memory Introduction to Cache Memory. Performance of Cache Memory. Cache Organization. Considerations in Cache Design. Virtual Memory and Memory Management.10. Main Memory Introduction. Primary Memory. DRAM. The Read-Only Memory Family. New and Emerging Nonvolatile Technologies. 11. Secondary Storage Magnetic Disk Drives. Magnetism and Data Storage. Data Organization on Disk. Secure Memory and RAID Systems. Solid-State Disk Drives. Magnetic Tape. Optical Storage Technology 12. Input/Output Fundamental Principles of I/O. Data Transfer. I/O Strategy. Performance of I/O Systems. The Bus. Arbitrating for the Bus. The PCI and PCIe Buses. The SCSI and SAS Interfaces. Serial Interface Buses Part V. Processor-Level Parallelism13. Processor-Level Parallelism Why Parallel Processing? Performance Revisited. Flynn's Taxonomy and Multiprocessor Topologies. Multiprocessor Topologies. Memory in Multiprocessor Systems. Multithreading. Multi-Core Processors. Parallel Programming.