STEFANO BASAGNI, PhD, is on the faculty in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Northeastern University, in Boston, Massachusetts, where he is currently Associate Professor.MARCO CONTI, PhD, is Research Director of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). He is the head of the Ubiquitous Internet Lab at the CNR Institute for Informatics and Telematics (IIT-CNR).SILVIA GIORDANO, PhD, is Professor at the University of Applied Science of Southern Switzerland, SUPSI, where she is head of the Networking Lab in the Department of Technology and Innovation (DTI).IVAN STOJMENOVIC, PhD, is Professor at the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a visiting scholar in China (Tsinghua 1000 Plan Distinguished Professor, Tsinghua University in Beijing, 2012-15), Germany (Humboldt Research Award, 2013-14), Japan and Serbia.

• PREFACE xiiiACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvCONTRIBUTORS xviiPART I GENERAL ISSUES1 Multihop Ad Hoc Networking: The Evolutionary Path 3Marco Conti and Silvia Giordano1.1 Introduction, 31.2 MANET Research: Major Achievements and Lessons Learned, 51.3 Multihop Ad Hoc Networks: From Theory to Reality, 161.4 Summary and Conclusions, 252 Enabling Technologies and Standards for Mobile Multihop Wireless Networking 34Enzo Mingozzi and Claudio Cicconetti2.1 Introduction, 352.2 Broadband Wireless Access Technologies, 372.3 Wireless Local Area Networks Technologies, 432.4 Personal Area Networks Technologies, 532.5 Mobility Support in Heterogeneous Scenarios, 652.6 Conclusions, 673 Application Scenarios 77Ilias Leontiadis, Ettore Ferranti, Cecilia Mascolo, Liam McNamara, Bence Pasztor, Niki Trigoni, and Sonia Waharte3.1 Introduction, 783.2 Military Applications, 793.3 Network Connectivity, 813.4 Wireless Sensor Networks, 843.5 Search and Rescue, 893.6 Vehicular Networks, 933.7 Personal Content Dissemination, 963.8 Conclusions, 984 Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 106Roberto Di Pietro and Josep Domingo-Ferrer4.1 Introduction, 1064.2 Wireless Sensor Networks, 1104.3 Unattended WSN, 1254.4 Wireless Mesh Networks, 1304.5 Delay-Tolerant Networks, 1344.6 Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), 1374.7 Conclusions and Open Research Issues, 1445 Architectural Solutions for End-User Mobility 154Salvatore Vanini and Anna Forster5.1 Introduction, 1545.2 Mesh Networks, 1555.3 Wireless Sensor Networks, 1825.4 Conclusion, 1886 ExperimentalWork Versus Simulation in the Study of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 191Carlo Vallati, Victor Omwando, and Prasant Mohapatra6.1 Introduction, 1916.2 Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Simulation Tools and Experimental Platforms, 1926.3 Gap Between Simulations and Experiments: Issues and Factors, 1996.4 Good Simulations: Validation, Verification, and Calibration, 2206.5 Simulators and Testbeds: Future Prospects, 2266.6 Conclusion, 228PART II MESH NETWORKING7 Resource Optimization in Multiradio Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks 241Antonio Capone, Ilario Filippini, Stefano Gualandi, and Di Yuan7.1 Introduction, 2427.2 Network and Interference Models, 2447.3 Maximum Link Activation Under the SINR Model, 2457.4 Optimal Link Scheduling, 2477.5 Joint Routing and Scheduling, 2547.6 Dealing with Channel Assignment and Directional Antennas, 2577.7 Cooperative Networking, 2637.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Issues, 2698 Quality of Service in Mesh Networks 275Raffaele Bruno8.1 Introduction, 2758.2 QoS Definition, 2778.3 A Taxonomy of Existing QoS Routing Approaches, 2788.4 Routing Protocols with Optimization-Based Path Selection, 2808.5 Routing Metrics for Minimum-Weight Path Selection, 2918.6 Feedback-Based Path Selection, 3078.7 Conclusions, 308PART III OPPORTUNISTIC NETWORKING9 Applications in Delay-Tolerant and Opportunistic Networks 317Teemu K¨arkk¨ainen, Mikko Pitkanen, and JoergOtt9.1 Application Scenarios, 3189.2 Challenges for Applications Over DTN, 3229.3 Critical Mechanisms for DTN Applications, 3289.4 DTN Applications (Case Studies), 3369.5 Conclusion: Rethinking Applications for DTNs, 35710 Mobility Models in Opportunistic Networks 360Kyunghan Lee, Pan Hui, and Song Chong10.1 Introduction, 36010.2 Contact-Based Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling, 36110.3 Trajectory Models, 37610.4 Implications for Network Protocol Design, 39910.5 New Paradigm: Delay-Resource Tradeoffs, 40611 Opportunistic Routing 419Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos and Andreea Picu11.1 Introduction, 42011.2 Cornerstones of Opportunistic Networks, 42211.3 Dealing with Uncertainty: Redundancy-Based Routing, 42811.4 Capitalizing on Structure: Utility-Based Forwarding, 43511.5 Hybrid Solutions: Combining Redundancy and Utility, 44411.6 Conclusion, 44712 Data Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks 453Chiara Boldrini and Andrea Passarella12.1 Introduction, 45412.2 Initial Ideas: PodNet, 45612.3 Social-Aware Schemes, 46012.4 Publish/Subscribe Schemes, 46412.5 Global Optimization, 46912.6 Infrastructure-Based Approaches, 47412.7 Approaches Inspired by Unstructured p2p Systems, 47812.8 Further Readings, 48213 Task Farming in Crowd Computing 491Derek G. Murray, Karthik Nilakant, J. Crowcroft, and E. Yoneki13.1 Introduction, 49113.2 Ideal Parallelism Model, 49413.3 Task Farming, 49813.4 Socially Aware Task Farming, 50013.5 Related Work, 51013.6 Conclusions and Future Work, 510PART IV VANET14 A Taxonomy of Data Communication Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 517Yousef-Awwad Daraghmi, Ivan Stojmenovic, and Chih-Wei Yi14.1 Introduction, 51714.2 Taxonomy of VANET Communication Protocols, 52014.3 Reliability-Oriented Geocasting Protocols, 52514.4 Time-Critical Geocasting Protocols, 52714.5 Small-Scale Routing Protocols, 52914.6 Large-Scale Routing, 53414.7 Summary, 53914.8 Conclusion and Future Work, 53915 Mobility Models, Topology, and Simulations in VANET 545Francisco J. Ros, Juan A. Martinez, and Pedro M. Ruiz15.1 Introduction and Motivation, 54515.2 Mobility Models, 54715.3 Mobility Simulators, 55115.4 Integrated Simulators, 55715.5 Modeling Vehicular Communications, 56015.6 Analysis of Connectivity in Highways, 56515.7 Conclusion and Future Work, 57216 ExperimentalWork on VANET 577Minglu Li and Hongzi Zhu16.1 Introduction, 57716.2 MIT CarTel, 57916.3 UMass DieselNet, 58116.4 SJTU ShanghaiGrid, 58416.5 NCTU VANET Testbed, 58716.6 UCLA CVeT, 58916.7 GM DSRC Fleet, 59016.8 FleetNet Project, 59116.9 Network on Wheels (NOW) Project, 59216.10 Advanced Safety Vehicles (ASVs), 59316.11 Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI), 59417 MAC Protocols for VANET 599Mohammad S. Almalag, Michele C. Weigle, and Stephan Olariu17.1 Introduction, 59917.2 MAC Metrics, 60217.3 IEEE Standards for MAC Protocols for VANETs, 60217.4 Alternate MAC Protocols for VANET, 60617.5 Conclusion, 61618 Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Design, Implementation, and Future Challenges 619Marco Di Felice, Kaushik Roy Chowdhury, and Luciano Bononi18.1 Introduction, 62018.2 Characteristics of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 62218.3 Applications of Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks, 62818.4 CRV Network Architecture, 62918.5 Classification and Description of Existing Works on CRV Networks, 63018.6 Research Issues in CRVs, 63618.7 Conclusion, 64019 The Next Paradigm Shift: From Vehicular Networks to Vehicular Clouds 645Stephan Olariu, Tihomir Hristov, and Gongjun Yan19.1 By Way of Motivation, 64619.2 The Vehicular Model, 64719.3 Vehicular Networks, 64919.4 Cloud Computing, 65019.5 Vehicular Clouds, 65219.6 How are Vehicular Clouds Different?, 65419.7 Feasible Instances of Vehicular Clouds, 65719.8 More Application Scenarios, 66019.9 Security and Privacy in Vehicular Clouds, 66619.10 Key Management, 67719.11 Research Challenges, 68019.12 Architectures for Vehicular Clouds, 68119.13 Resource Aggregation in Vehicular Clouds, 68319.14 A Simulation Study of VC, 69019.15 Future Work, 69119.16 Where to From Here?, 693PART V SENSOR NETWORKING20 Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy Harvesting 703Stefano Basagni, M. Yousof Naderi, Chiara Petrioli, and Dora Spenza20.1 Introduction, 70320.2 Node Platforms, 70420.3 Techniques of Energy Harvesting, 70920.4 Prediction Models, 71320.5 Protocols for EHWSNs, 71721 Robot-AssistedWireless Sensor Networks: Recent Applications and Future Challenges 737Rafael Falcon, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic21.1 Introduction, 73721.2 Robot-Assisted Sensor Placement, 74021.3 Robot-Assisted Sensor Relocation, 75121.4 Robot-Assisted Sensor Maintenance, 76221.5 Future Challenges, 76322 Underwater Networks with Limited Mobility: Algorithms, Systems, and Experiments 769Carrick Detweiler, Elizabeth Basha, Marek Doniec, and Daniela Rus22.1 Introduction, 77022.2 Related Work, 77222.3 Decentralized Control Algorithm, 77522.4 General System Architecture and Design, 77922.5 Application-Specific Architecture and Design, 78622.6 Experiments and Results, 78922.7 Conclusions, 79923 Advances in Underwater Acoustic Networking 804Tommaso Melodia, Hovannes Kulhandjian, Li-Chung Kuo, and Emrecan Demirors23.1 Introduction, 80523.2 Communication Architecture, 80623.3 Basics of Underwater Communications, 80723.4 Physical Layer, 81423.5 Medium Access Control Layer, 82223.6 Network Layer, 82923.7 Cross-Layer Design, 83323.8 Experimental Platforms, 83423.9 UW-Buffalo: An Underwater Acoustic Testbed at the University at Buffalo, 84223.10 Conclusions, 842References, 843Index 853