Organic, Inorganic and Hybrid Solar Cells

Dr. Ching-Fuh Lin is a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at National Taiwan University. His research interests include solar cells, light-emitting devices, and Si-photonics.Dr. Wei-Fang Su is a Professor at National Taiwan University with expertise in polymers, electroceramics, nanomaterials, thin film processing, and solar cells.Dr. Chih-I Wu is a Professor at National Taiwan University. His research interests include semiconductor physics, surfaces and interfaces of semiconductors, and short wavelength optical devices.Dr. I-Chun Cheng is an Associate Professor at National Taiwan University. She has worked in the field of novel silicon thin film technology, metal oxide thin film technology, and flexible large area electronics.

• ForewordPrefaceAbout the AuthorsChapter 1 Introduction – Why Solar Energy?Ching-Fuh Lin1.1 The Era of Fossil Energy1.1.1 Possible Depletion of Fossil Fuels1.1.2 Global Warming1.1.3 Dramatic Change of Weather1.2 Renewable Energies1.3 Solar Energy and Economy1.3.1 Production Issue1.3.2 Types of Solar Cells1.3.3 Cost Analysis—Grid Parity1.3.4 Cost Analysis—Break Down the System Cost1.3.5 The Forecast and Practical Trends1.4 Move toward Thin-Film Solar Cells1.4.1 Inorganic vs. Organic1.4.2 More Possible Applications1.5 Outline of the BookChapter 2 Light and Its Interaction with MattersChing-Fuh Lin2.1 What is Light?2.1.1 Light Ray2.1.2 Light as a Wave2.1.3 Plane-wave Solution of Wave Equation2.1.4 Wave as a Particle2.1.5 Black-body Radiation and Solar Spectrum2.1.6 The Brightness and Intensity of Sunlight2.2 Fundamentals of Interaction between Light and Matters2.2.1 Interaction of Electric Field with Dielectrics2.2.2 Interaction of Light with Magnetic Materials2.2.3 Summary of Light-Matter Interaction without Energy Exchange2.3 Basic Properties of Transparent Materials2.3.1 Reflection and Refraction2.3.1.1 Boundary Conditions for Electric and Magnetic Fields2.3.1.2 Reflection and Transmission of Plane Waves2.3.1.3 Laws of Reflection and Refraction2.3.1.4 Reflection and Transmission Coefficients2.3.1.5 Reflectivity and Ratio of Transmitted Intensity2.3.1.6 Total Reflection2.3.1.7 Brewster Angle2.3.2 Polarization2.3.3 Dispersion2.3.4 Isotropy and Anisotropy2.3.5 Scattering2.3.6 Nonlinear Optics: Energy Up Conversion and Down Conversion2.4 Interaction of Light and Matters with Energy Exchange2.4.1 Interaction of Light with Conductors2.4.2 Quantum Concept of Atomic System2.4.3 Light-Matter InteractionsChapter 3 Fundamentals of Inorganic Solar CellsChih-I Wu3.1. From Atomic Bonds to Energy Bands3.2 Energy Bands from a Quantum Mechanics Point of View3.3. The Energy Band in Semiconductors3.4. PN Junction3.5 Energy Band Diagram of the PN Junction3.6 Carrier Transport in a PN Junction3.6.1 Diffusion3.6.2 Drift3.7 PN junction diodes3.8 Solar Cell Diodes3.9 Interaction of Light and Materials3.10 Solar Cell Materials3.10.1 Crystalline Silicon3.10.2 GaAs3.10.3 Thin Film Silicon3.10.4 Cu-In-Ga-Se (CIGS)3.10.5 Polymer Solar Cell MaterialsChapter 4 Organic MaterialsWei-Fang Su4.1 Bonding and Structure of Organic Molecule4.2 Properties of Organic Molecules4.3 Optical Properties of Organic Materials4.3.1 Absorption4.3.2 Fluorescence4.4 Band Gap of Organic Materials4.5 Electrical Conducting Properties of Organic Materials4.6 Suitable Organic Materials for Solar Cell ApplicationChapter 5 Interface between Organic and Inorganic MaterialsWei-Fang Su5.1 Interface between Transparent Electrode and Substrate5.2 Interface between Transparent Electrode and Active Layer5.3 Interface between Donor and Acceptor of Active Layer5.4 Interface between Active Layer and Metal Electrode5.5 Impedance Characteristics at the InterfaceChapter 6 Inorganic Solar CellsI-Chun Cheng6.1 Introduction6.2 Basic Principles6.2.1 P-N Junction in Equilibrium6.2.2 Current-Voltage Characteristics6.2.3 Photovoltaic Current-Voltage Characteristics6.2.4 Series and Shunt Resistances6.3 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells6.4 Thin Film Solar Cells6.4.1 Amorphous Silicon-Based Thin Film Solar Cells6.4.2 CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells6.4.3 CuInSe2 - Based Thin Film Solar Cells6.5 OutlookChapter 7 Organic Solar CellsChing-Fuh Lin7.1 Dye Sensitized Solar Cell7.1.1 Structure of DSSC7.1.2 Principle of DSSC and Development of Dye7.1.3 Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell7.2 Organic Molecule Solar Cell7.3 Polymer Solar Cell7.3.1 Principle of Polymer Solar Cell7.3.2 Polymer: Fullerene Solar Cell7.3.3 Effect of Active Layer Morphology on the Performance of Solar Cell7.3.4 Polymer: Semiconducting Nanoparticle Solar Cell7.4 Scale Up, Stability and Commercial Development of Organic Solar CellChapter 8 Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Solar CellsChing-Fuh Lin8.1 Fundamental Concepts for Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells8.2 Sandwiched Structures of the Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells8.2.1 Fabrication of Sandwiched Structures8.2.2 Performance of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells with Sandwiched Structures8.2.3 Crystal Phase of Metal Oxides used for Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells8.3 Effect of Mixed-Oxide Modification on Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells8.3.1 Effect of Mixed Oxide on P3HT:PCBM -Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells8.3.2 Effect of Mixed Oxides on PV2000-Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells8.3.3 Enhancement of Optical Absorption and Incident Photon-to-Electron Conversion Efficiency8.4 Improvement of Stability8.4.1 Improvement of Stability Using Mixed Oxides of WO3 and V2O58.4.2 Improvement of Stability Using Sol-Gel Processed CuOx8.5 Organic-Nanostructured-Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells8.5.1 Organic-ZnO Nanorod Hybrid Solar Cells8.5.1.1 Growth of ZnO Nanorods8.5.1.2 Influence of Drying Time8.5.1.3 Effect of Additional PCBM Clusters Deposited on ZnO Nanorod Arrays8.5.2 Effect of Additional Layer of TiO2 Rods Deposited on ZnO Film8.5.2.1 Effect of NiO Layer8.5.2.2 Effect of TiO2 Nanorods8.5.2.3 Influence of TiO2 Nanorods on the Surface Morphology8.5.2.4 Overall Effect of TiO2 Nanorods on the Device Characteristics8.6 Hybrid Solar cells using Low-Bandgap Polymers8.6.1 Low-Bandgap Polymers in the Sandwiched Structure8.6.2 Improved Stability with Low-Bandgap Polymers in the Sandwiched Structure8.7 Si Nanowire-Organic Hybrid Solar Cells8.7.1 Fabrication of SiNWs8.7.2 The Fabrication of SiNW-organic Hybrid Solar Cells8.7.3 The Characteristics of SiNW-Organic Hybrid Solar Cells8.7.4 The Influence of Si NW LengthChapter 9 Outlook of Hybrid Solar CellWei-Fang SuReferencesExercisesIndex