LTE Security

Dan Forsberg, Poplatek Oy, FinlandDr. Dan Forsberg is currently a development manager at Poplatek Oy where he takes care of the payment terminals area and also works with payment card industry security. Earlier, Dan led the SAE/LTE security standardization work in Nokia. He was also nominated as one of the Nokia top inventors in 2007-2008. Dan started his Ph.D. studies while working in Nokia and has published several scientific papers in the area of "improving and distributing session key management for mobile networks". He joined Helsinki University of Technology in 2009 and finalized his PhD studies there before the end of 2009. Günther Horn, Nokia Siemens Networks, GermanyDr Horn is a senior standardization expert at Nokia Siemens Networks. The focus of his work is on the standardization of 3G and SAE/LTE security in the 3GPPP security group (SA3), of which he has been a member since it started in 1999.Wolf-Dietrich Moeller, Nokia Siemens Networks, GermanyWolf-Dietrich Moeller is a senior researcher with Nokia Siemens Networks.Valtteri Niemi, University of Turku, Finland and Nokia Corporation, FinlandDr Niemi is a Professor of Mathematics in University of Turku, Finland and also a Nokia Fellow, for which role he is based at the Nokia Research Center in Helsinki, Finland. Prof. Niemi’s work has been on security and privacy issues of future mobile networks and terminals, the main emphasis being on cryptological aspects. He participated in the 3GPP SA3 (security) standardization group from the beginning, and during 2003-2009 he was the chairman of the group.

• Preface xiiiForeword to the First Edition xvAcknowledgements xixCopyright Acknowledgements xix1 Overview of the Book 12 Background 52.1 Evolution of Cellular Systems 52.2 Basic Security Concepts 102.3 Basic Cryptographic Concepts 132.4 Introduction to LTE Standardization 212.5 Notes on Terminology and Specification Language 263 GSM Security 293.1 Principles of GSM Security 293.2 The Role of the SIM 303.3 Mechanisms of GSM Security 313.4 GSM Cryptographic Algorithms 344 Third-Generation Security (UMTS) 374.1 Principles of Third-Generation (3G) Security 374.2 Third-Generation Security Mechanisms 404.3 Third-Generation Cryptographic Algorithms 494.4 Interworking between GSM and 3G Security 554.5 Network Domain Security 594.6 Architectures with RNCs in Exposed Locations 655 3G–WLAN Interworking 675.1 Principles of 3G–WLAN Interworking 675.2 Security Mechanisms of 3G–WLAN Interworking 755.3 Cryptographic Algorithms for 3G–WLAN Interworking 816 EPS Security Architecture 836.1 Overview and Relevant Specifications 836.2 Requirements and Features of EPS Security 896.3 Design Decisions for EPS Security 976.4 Platform Security for Base Stations 1037 EPS Authentication and Key Agreement 1097.1 Identification 1097.2 The EPS Authentication and Key Agreement Procedure 1127.3 Key Hierarchy 1237.4 Security Contexts 1298 EPS Protection for Signalling and User Data 1338.1 Security Algorithms Negotiation 1338.2 NAS Signalling Protection 1368.3 AS Signalling and User Data Protection 1388.4 Security on Network Interfaces 1418.5 Certificate Enrolment for Base Stations 1438.6 Emergency Call Handling 1519 Security in Intra-LTE State Transitions and Mobility 1559.1 Transitions to and from Registered State 1569.2 Transitions between Idle and Connected States 1579.3 Idle State Mobility 1589.4 Handover 1619.5 Key Change on the Fly 1699.6 Periodic Local Authentication Procedure 1709.7 Concurrent Run of Security Procedures 17110 EPS Cryptographic Algorithms 17510.1 Null Algorithms 17610.2 Ciphering Algorithms 17710.3 Integrity Algorithms 18010.4 Key Derivation Algorithms 18011 Interworking Security between EPS and Other Systems 18311.1 Interworking with GSM and 3G Networks 18311.2 Interworking with Non-3GPP Networks 19312 Security for Voice over LTE 21512.1 Methods for Providing Voice over LTE 21512.2 Security Mechanisms for Voice over LTE 22012.3 Rich Communication Suite and Voice over LTE 23013 Security for Home Base Station Deployment 23313.1 Security Architecture, Threats and Requirements 23413.2 Security Features 24113.3 Security Procedures Internal to the Home Base Station 24413.4 Security Procedures between Home Base Station and Security Gateway 24713.5 Security Aspects of Home Base Station Management 26113.6 Closed Subscriber Groups and Emergency Call Handling 27513.7 Support for Subscriber Mobility 27714 Relay Node Security 28114.1 Overview of Relay Node Architecture 28114.2 Security Solution 28415 Security for Machine-Type Communications 29315.1 Security for MTC at the Application Level 29415.2 Security for MTC at the 3GPP Network Level 30115.3 Security for MTC at the Credential Management Level 30616 Future Challenges 30916.1 Near-Term Outlook 30916.2 Far-Term Outlook 314Abbreviations 319References 327Index 337