Technology for Facility Managers

The International Facility Management Association (IFMA) is the world's largest and most widely recognized international association for professional facility managers, supporting more than 20,000 members in seventy-eight countries.

• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiiiIFMA FOUNDATION xvFOREWORD xviiINTRODUCTION xixHistory and Overview xixContent xxCrosswalk xxPart 1 Technology xxiiiPart 2 Applications xxiiiCHAPTER ABSTRACTS xxvChapter 1: CAFMIWMS—Balancing Technology, Processes, and Objectives xxvChapter 2: Building Information Modeling xxviChapter 3: Building Automation and Control Systems xxviiChapter 4: Roles of GIS in Facility Management xxviiiChapter 5: Radio Frequency Identification xxviiiChapter 6: Information and Communications Technology xxixChapter 7: Workflow Technology: Knowledge in Motion xxxChapter 8: Sustainability xxxiChapter 9: Condition Assessment in Facility Asset Management xxxiiChapter 10: Computer Modeling xxxiiChapter 11: Technology and the Workplace xxxiiiChapter 12: The Role of People and Process in Technology xxxivChapter 13: Social Media xxxvAUTHOR BIOS xxxviiPART 1: TechnologyCHAPTER 1 CAFMIWMS—Balancing Technology, Processes, and Objectives 3Chris KellerExecutive Summary 3Introduction 4Overview and Objectives 5Value of Facility Management Automation to the Organization 6Interoperability 6Opportunity for Reorganization 7Conveying Culture 8Facility Management Technology 8Balancing Act 10Technology of the (Near) Future 12Trends in Facility Management 12Trends in Business 13Trends in Technology 14CHAPTER 2 Building Information Modeling 21Louise A. SabolIntroduction 21BIM for Facilities Management 24Standards and Data Exchange 31Challenges of BIM for FM 33FM BIM in Practice: Health Care Building Consortium’s BIM Initiatives 36CHAPTER 3 Building Automation and Control Systems 41Terry HoffmannHistory of Building Automation Systems 41Building Automation Systems Today 47The Future of Building Automation Systems 51Case Study: Ave Maria University, Naples, Florida 53CHAPTER 4 Roles of Geographic Information Systems in Facility Management 55William P. Witts Jr.Enhancing FM Capabilities with GIS 55GIS Technology 55GIS with Facilities Management 56GIS Data 56Location 56Vector Data 56Raster Data 57Attribute Data 58Mapping for FM 59Location Mapping 59Thematic Mapping 61Mapping Density 62Mapping Change 64Spatial Analysis for FM 64Attribute Selection 64Nearest Selection 65Inside Selection 66Buffering Selection 67Geocoding 68Current Use of GIS at MIT Facilities 68MIT History 68Access to GIS through the Internet 69GIS Analysis within the Building 71Mobile Technologies 73Conclusion 73CHAPTER 5 Radio Frequency Identification 75Geoff WilliamsIntroduction 75Origins and Evolution 76Standardization 76Beyond Barcode 77Corporate Real Estate and Facility Management Leverage Use of RFID 78Theft Detection and Mitigation 78Asset Management 79Personnel and Guest Access and Tracking 79Move Management 79RFID with Sensors 79Components of RFID 80Applications (Middleware) 80RFID Interrogators or Readers 81RFID Tags 81Extra Sensory Identification to Optimize FM Operation 82Conclusion 83CHAPTER 6 Information and Communications Technology 85Richard HodgesSummary 85Introduction 86Technology Primer: Wired ICT Networks in Buildings 88Wireless Networks: A Quick Review 89ICT Networks in Buildings—A Changing Paradigm 91Overbuilding 91Inflexibility 91Lack of Integrated Planning 91ICT Networks in Buildings—New Design Concepts 92New Design Concepts in Practice: Case Studies 93Elementary School 93Research Laboratory 94Commercial Office 95Conclusion 95CHAPTER 7 Workflow Technology—Knowledge in Motion 97Paul HeadIntroduction 97Technology Evolution 98Foundations 98Formalization 99Trends Driving Workflow Automation 100Business: Economy and Efficiency 101Facilities: Business Objectives and Environmental Awareness 102Workflow Explained 103Types 103Transactional Activities 103Systematic Activities 104Guidelines 105FM Community Workflow Technology Case Studies 106Facilities Move Management 107Vendor Bid and Selection Management 108Knowledge in Motion 112PART 2: ApplicationsCHAPTER 8 Sustainability 115Louise A. SabolOverview 115Sustainability for Buildings 116Certification for Sustainability 116ENERGY STAR Building Certification 118Assessment and Planning 118Software for Sustainable Facilities Management 120The Importance of Visualization 121Life-Cycle Cost Analysis 123CarbonGreenhouse Gas Calculations 125Enterprise Software Applications 126Energy Analysis Tools and Applications 126Building Information Model 127The Future 129Management of Sustainability 129Building Performance and Monitoring 129Building Commissioning 130Data Management 130Case Study: The State of Missouri Building Information Management System 130Project Details 131Project Results 132Further Development 133CHAPTER 9 Condition Assessment in Facility Asset Management 137James B. ClaytonBackground 137Asset Management 138Adapting Asset Management Principles to Facilities Management 141Phases of the Facility Asset Management Process 142Phase 1: Executive Direction 142a. Goals and Policies 142b. Standards 142c. Schedules 142Phase 2: Collect Data and Compute Metrics 143Phase 3: Create Business Intelligence 143Phase 4: Support Decision Making 143Condition Assessment in Facility Asset Management 144Overview of Facility Condition Assessment 144Building Condition Assessment Methods and Techniques 145Origin of the Monetary Method for Building Condition Assessment 146Foundation of the Monetary Method: Backlog and FCI 146The Deficiency-Based Technique 149Phases of the Deficiency-Based Technique 150Phase 1: Executive Direction 150Phase 2: Collect Data and Compute Metrics 150Phase 3: Create Business Intelligence 152Dissatisfaction with the Expense of Deficiency-Based Techniques 152Description of the Rating-Based Technique 154Description of the Inventory-Based Technique 156Dissatisfaction with the Monetary Method Spurs Research 158The Engineered Method—Product of Published Government Research 159Differences between Knowledge-Based and Deficiency-Based Techniques 160Phase 1: Executive Direction 162Phase 2: Collect and Process Data 163Additional Benefits of the Engineered Method 165Deciding Which Technique Is Best for Your Organization 166Organizations that Should Consider Using the Deficiency-Based Technique 168Organizations that Should Consider Using Rating-Based or Inventory-Based Techniques 168Organizations that Should Consider Using the Engineered Method 169Conclusion 169CHAPTER 10 Computer Modeling 171Eric TeicholzIntroduction 171Computer Models and Simulation – A Brief Overview 171Simulation 172Models in Facility Management 173Building Visualization: CAFM and BIM Models 173Space Allocation Models 175Desired Adjacency Requirements between Spatial Elements 175Space Inventory Phase 176Requirements Phase 176Allocation Phase 177Planning Phase 178Facility Asset Management Models 179Computer Models that Make FAM Data Collection More Affordable 180Creating Physical Characteristic Data with Building Templates 180Using Templates to Create Whole Facility Inventories 180Using Templates to Create System Inventories 181Generating Lean, “Just-in-Time” Data Collection Schedules 182Models that Efficiently Compute FAM Metrics 183Performance Metrics 183Business Alignment Metrics 184Models that Create Business Intelligence from Computed Metrics and Other Data 185FAM Modeling Summary 185Energy Models 185Conclusion 190CHAPTER 11 Technology and the Workplace 191Erik Jaspers and Eric TeicholzIntroduction 191Definition of Workplace 192Wireless Networking 194Current Workplace Issues 195Involvement of Facility Managers 197Technology Landscape 200CAFMIWMSCMMS Systems 200Building Information Modeling 200Building Automation Systems 205Access and Security Management Systems 206Geographic Information Systems 207Digital Signage 212Sustainability and Energy Management at the Workplace 213Emerging Technologies 217Smart Infrastructures 217Applications of Sensor Networking Around the Workplace 218Energy Management: Smart Grids 222Cloud Computing 223Radio Frequency Identification 224Mobility 226Conclusion 227CHAPTER 12 The Role of People and Process in Technology 229Angela LewisIntroduction 229Energy and Maintenance Management Technologies 230Current Needs 231Process Needs 231Establishing Project Goals 232Beyond Benchmarking: A Need for Data-Driven Decision Making 235People and Technology Needs 236Overcoming Resistance to Change 236Training and Education 237Processes and People Need to Support Emerging Technologies 237Impacts of Process on Building Information Modeling 238High-Performance, Green, and Smart Buildings Require Data-Driven Processes 238Case Studies 239A Focus on Processes: Use of a Building Automation System to Benchmark Energy Consumption 239A Focus on People: Software Integration 241Conclusion 243CHAPTER 13 Social Media 245Dean StanberryIntroduction 245Social Media: Revolution or Evolution? 245Getting Connected 247Information Services Rise Up 248Birth of the World Wide Web 248Web 1.0 → Web 2.0 250FM-Focused Social Media 251Print Media Goes Digital 252Internet Forums 254Blogs 256Wikis 260Podcasts, Video, Pictures, Rating, and Social Bookmarking 261Section Notes 262Making Social Media Work for You 262Why Does It Matter? 262Which Ones Are for Me? 264What If I Don’t Want to be Found? 264Have a Networking Strategy 265Get LinkedIn and Like it. . . 266Building Your Network 268LinkedIn Facts 268Tips for Job Seekers 271Closing Thoughts 272GLOSSARY 273INDEX 287