Tadeusz Stepinski, Signals and Systems, Uppsala University, SwedenTadeusz Stepinski is currently a Professor at Uppsala University, and since 2012 has also been a Professor at AGH University of Science and Technology in Poland. He has been active in the area of non-destructive testing and signal processing since the 1980s and has authored circa 140 technical publications.Tadeusz Uhl, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, University of Science and Technology, PolandTadeusz Uhl is a Professor at AGH University of Science and Technology in Poland. His main research areas are system identification, inverse problems, SHM and mechatronics. He has written circa 300 technical papers.Wieslaw Staszewski, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, University of Science and Technology, PolandWieslaw Staszewski is a Professor at AGH University of Science and Technology in Poland. He has authored circa 280 publications, predominantly in the areas of damage detection and advanced signal processing. He has written and edited a book, authored circa 90 journal papers and is also an editor and associate editor of five journals. He was jointly awarded the "2004 Person of the Year" title by Structural Health Monitoring journal for outstanding contribution in the field of SHM.

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• List of Contributors xi Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xvii1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Structural Damage and Structural Damage Detection 21.3 SHM as an Evolutionary Step of NDT 41.4 Interdisciplinary Nature of SHM 51.5 Structure of SHM Systems 91.6 Aspects Related to SHM Systems Design 12References 152 Numerical Simulation of ElasticWave Propagation 172.1 Introduction 172.2 Modelling Methods 182.3 Hybrid and Multiscale Modelling 292.4 The LISA Method 332.5 Coupling Scheme 392.6 Damage Modelling 472.7 Absorbing Boundary Conditions for Wave Propagation 482.8 Conclusions 50References 513 Model Assisted Probability of Detection in Structural Health Monitoring 573.1 Introduction 573.2 Probability of Detection 583.3 Theoretical Aspects of POD 593.4 From POD to MAPOD 643.5 POD for SHM 653.6 MAPOD of an SHM System Considering Flaw Geometry Uncertainty 663.7 Conclusions 70References 714 Nonlinear Acoustics 734.1 Introduction 734.2 Theoretical Background 754.3 Damage Detection Methods and Applications 854.4 Conclusions 103References 1045 Piezocomposite Transducers for Guided Waves 1095.1 Introduction 1095.2 Piezoelectric Transducers for Guided Waves 1105.3 Novel Type of IDT-DS Based on MFC 1185.4 Generation of Lamb Waves using Piezocomposite Transducers 1205.5 Lamb Wave Sensing Characteristics of the IDT-DS4 1315.6 Conclusions 136Appendix 136References 1376 Electromechanical Impedance Method 1416.1 Introduction 1416.2 Theoretical Background 1426.3 Numerical Simulations 1476.4 The Developed SHM System 1556.5 Laboratory Tests 1586.6 Verification of the Method on Aircraft Structures 1656.7 Conclusions 173References 1747 Beamforming of Guided Waves 1777.1 Introduction 1777.2 Theory 1797.3 Numerical Results 1907.4 Experimental Results 1997.5 Discussion 2077.6 Conclusions 209References 2108 Modal Filtering Techniques 2138.1 Introduction 2138.2 State of the Art 2148.3 Formulation of the Method 2198.4 Numerical Verification of the Method 2228.5 Monitoring System Based on Modal Filtration 2318.6 Laboratory Tests 2358.7 Operational Tests 2458.8 Summary 248References 2489 Vibrothermography 2519.1 Introduction 2519.2 State of the Art in Thermographic Nondestructive Testing 2529.3 Developed Vibrothermographic Test System 2619.4 Virtual Testing 2639.5 Laboratory Testing 2699.6 Field Measurements 2739.7 Summary and Conclusions 275References 27510 Vision-Based Monitoring System 27910.1 Introduction 27910.2 State of the Art 28110.3 Deflection Measurement by Means of Digital Image Correlation 28210.4 Image Registration and Plane Rectification 28410.5 Automatic Feature Detection and Matching 28710.6 Developed Software Tool 29110.7 Numerical Investigation of the Method 29110.8 Laboratory Investigation of the Method 30110.9 Key Studies and Evaluation of the Method 31410.10 Conclusions 318References 318Index 321

Tadeusz Stepinski, Signals and Systems, Uppsala University, SwedenTadeusz Stepinski is currently a Professor at Uppsala University, and since 2012 has also been a Professor at AGH University of Science and Technology in Poland. He has been active in the area of non-destructive testing and signal processing since the 1980s and has authored circa 140 technical publications.Tadeusz Uhl, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, University of Science and Technology, PolandTadeusz Uhl is a Professor at AGH University of Science and Technology in Poland. His main research areas are system identification, inverse problems, SHM and mechatronics. He has written circa 300 technical papers.Wieslaw Staszewski, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, University of Science and Technology, PolandWieslaw Staszewski is a Professor at AGH University of Science and Technology in Poland. He has authored circa 280 publications, predominantly in the areas of damage detection and advanced signal processing. He has written and edited a book, authored circa 90 journal papers and is also an editor and associate editor of five journals. He was jointly awarded the "2004 Person of the Year" title by Structural Health Monitoring journal for outstanding contribution in the field of SHM.

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• List of Contributors xi Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xvii1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Structural Damage and Structural Damage Detection 21.3 SHM as an Evolutionary Step of NDT 41.4 Interdisciplinary Nature of SHM 51.5 Structure of SHM Systems 91.6 Aspects Related to SHM Systems Design 12References 152 Numerical Simulation of ElasticWave Propagation 172.1 Introduction 172.2 Modelling Methods 182.3 Hybrid and Multiscale Modelling 292.4 The LISA Method 332.5 Coupling Scheme 392.6 Damage Modelling 472.7 Absorbing Boundary Conditions for Wave Propagation 482.8 Conclusions 50References 513 Model Assisted Probability of Detection in Structural Health Monitoring 573.1 Introduction 573.2 Probability of Detection 583.3 Theoretical Aspects of POD 593.4 From POD to MAPOD 643.5 POD for SHM 653.6 MAPOD of an SHM System Considering Flaw Geometry Uncertainty 663.7 Conclusions 70References 714 Nonlinear Acoustics 734.1 Introduction 734.2 Theoretical Background 754.3 Damage Detection Methods and Applications 854.4 Conclusions 103References 1045 Piezocomposite Transducers for Guided Waves 1095.1 Introduction 1095.2 Piezoelectric Transducers for Guided Waves 1105.3 Novel Type of IDT-DS Based on MFC 1185.4 Generation of Lamb Waves using Piezocomposite Transducers 1205.5 Lamb Wave Sensing Characteristics of the IDT-DS4 1315.6 Conclusions 136Appendix 136References 1376 Electromechanical Impedance Method 1416.1 Introduction 1416.2 Theoretical Background 1426.3 Numerical Simulations 1476.4 The Developed SHM System 1556.5 Laboratory Tests 1586.6 Verification of the Method on Aircraft Structures 1656.7 Conclusions 173References 1747 Beamforming of Guided Waves 1777.1 Introduction 1777.2 Theory 1797.3 Numerical Results 1907.4 Experimental Results 1997.5 Discussion 2077.6 Conclusions 209References 2108 Modal Filtering Techniques 2138.1 Introduction 2138.2 State of the Art 2148.3 Formulation of the Method 2198.4 Numerical Verification of the Method 2228.5 Monitoring System Based on Modal Filtration 2318.6 Laboratory Tests 2358.7 Operational Tests 2458.8 Summary 248References 2489 Vibrothermography 2519.1 Introduction 2519.2 State of the Art in Thermographic Nondestructive Testing 2529.3 Developed Vibrothermographic Test System 2619.4 Virtual Testing 2639.5 Laboratory Testing 2699.6 Field Measurements 2739.7 Summary and Conclusions 275References 27510 Vision-Based Monitoring System 27910.1 Introduction 27910.2 State of the Art 28110.3 Deflection Measurement by Means of Digital Image Correlation 28210.4 Image Registration and Plane Rectification 28410.5 Automatic Feature Detection and Matching 28710.6 Developed Software Tool 29110.7 Numerical Investigation of the Method 29110.8 Laboratory Investigation of the Method 30110.9 Key Studies and Evaluation of the Method 31410.10 Conclusions 318References 318Index 321

Tadeusz Stepinski, Signals and Systems, Uppsala University, SwedenTadeusz Stepinski is currently a Professor at Uppsala University, and since 2012 has also been a Professor at AGH University of Science and Technology in Poland. He has been active in the area of non-destructive testing and signal processing since the 1980s and has authored circa 140 technical publications.Tadeusz Uhl, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, University of Science and Technology, PolandTadeusz Uhl is a Professor at AGH University of Science and Technology in Poland. His main research areas are system identification, inverse problems, SHM and mechatronics. He has written circa 300 technical papers.Wieslaw Staszewski, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, University of Science and Technology, PolandWieslaw Staszewski is a Professor at AGH University of Science and Technology in Poland. He has authored circa 280 publications, predominantly in the areas of damage detection and advanced signal processing. He has written and edited a book, authored circa 90 journal papers and is also an editor and associate editor of five journals. He was jointly awarded the "2004 Person of the Year" title by Structural Health Monitoring journal for outstanding contribution in the field of SHM.

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• List of Contributors xi Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xvii1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Structural Damage and Structural Damage Detection 21.3 SHM as an Evolutionary Step of NDT 41.4 Interdisciplinary Nature of SHM 51.5 Structure of SHM Systems 91.6 Aspects Related to SHM Systems Design 12References 152 Numerical Simulation of ElasticWave Propagation 172.1 Introduction 172.2 Modelling Methods 182.3 Hybrid and Multiscale Modelling 292.4 The LISA Method 332.5 Coupling Scheme 392.6 Damage Modelling 472.7 Absorbing Boundary Conditions for Wave Propagation 482.8 Conclusions 50References 513 Model Assisted Probability of Detection in Structural Health Monitoring 573.1 Introduction 573.2 Probability of Detection 583.3 Theoretical Aspects of POD 593.4 From POD to MAPOD 643.5 POD for SHM 653.6 MAPOD of an SHM System Considering Flaw Geometry Uncertainty 663.7 Conclusions 70References 714 Nonlinear Acoustics 734.1 Introduction 734.2 Theoretical Background 754.3 Damage Detection Methods and Applications 854.4 Conclusions 103References 1045 Piezocomposite Transducers for Guided Waves 1095.1 Introduction 1095.2 Piezoelectric Transducers for Guided Waves 1105.3 Novel Type of IDT-DS Based on MFC 1185.4 Generation of Lamb Waves using Piezocomposite Transducers 1205.5 Lamb Wave Sensing Characteristics of the IDT-DS4 1315.6 Conclusions 136Appendix 136References 1376 Electromechanical Impedance Method 1416.1 Introduction 1416.2 Theoretical Background 1426.3 Numerical Simulations 1476.4 The Developed SHM System 1556.5 Laboratory Tests 1586.6 Verification of the Method on Aircraft Structures 1656.7 Conclusions 173References 1747 Beamforming of Guided Waves 1777.1 Introduction 1777.2 Theory 1797.3 Numerical Results 1907.4 Experimental Results 1997.5 Discussion 2077.6 Conclusions 209References 2108 Modal Filtering Techniques 2138.1 Introduction 2138.2 State of the Art 2148.3 Formulation of the Method 2198.4 Numerical Verification of the Method 2228.5 Monitoring System Based on Modal Filtration 2318.6 Laboratory Tests 2358.7 Operational Tests 2458.8 Summary 248References 2489 Vibrothermography 2519.1 Introduction 2519.2 State of the Art in Thermographic Nondestructive Testing 2529.3 Developed Vibrothermographic Test System 2619.4 Virtual Testing 2639.5 Laboratory Testing 2699.6 Field Measurements 2739.7 Summary and Conclusions 275References 27510 Vision-Based Monitoring System 27910.1 Introduction 27910.2 State of the Art 28110.3 Deflection Measurement by Means of Digital Image Correlation 28210.4 Image Registration and Plane Rectification 28410.5 Automatic Feature Detection and Matching 28710.6 Developed Software Tool 29110.7 Numerical Investigation of the Method 29110.8 Laboratory Investigation of the Method 30110.9 Key Studies and Evaluation of the Method 31410.10 Conclusions 318References 318Index 321