Dr. NATALIA V. PLECHKOVA attained her BSc and MSc in chemical engineering at the Russian Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, and her PhD in chemistry, under the guidance of Professor Seddon. Since then she has been a research fellow and project manager in the QUILL (Queen’s University Ionic Liquid Laboratories) Research Centre, focussing on various aspects of ionic liquids, including their synthesis, characterisation, and applications (including biomass dissolution and carbon dioxide capture).Prof. KENNETH R. SEDDON, OBE is Chair of Inorganic Chemistry at the Queen’s University of Belfast, and director of the QUILL Research Centre, the world-leading industrial-academic consortium that was awarded the 2006 Queens’s Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education, and was involved with implementing a full-scale process for removing mercury from natural gas streams with Petronas, for which an unprecedented three global IChemE awards (2013), and the Nicklin medal, along with the ‘Teamwork in Innovation’ Award (2014) from the Royal Society of Chemistry were presented.

• Contents of “Ionic Liquids UnCOILed” viiContents of “Ionic Liquids Further UnCOILed” ixCOIL Conferences xiPreface xiiiAcknowledgements xvContributors xviiAbbreviations xix1 What Is an Ionic Liquid? 1Andrew P. Abbott, Karl Ryder, Peter Licence, and Alasdair W. Taylor2 N MR Studies of Ionic Liquids 13Paul M. Bayley, Jan Novak, and Maria Forsyth3 ‘Unusual Anions’ as Ionic Liquid Constituents 39Philipp Eiden and Ingo Krossing4 Investigating the Structure of Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid: Molecular Solute Interactions 55Christopher Hardacre, Claire Mullan, and Tristan G. A. Youngs5 Molecular Modelling of Ionic Liquids 83José N. Canongia Lopes, Margarida Costa Gomes, and Agilío A. H. Pádua6 Chemical Engineering of Ionic Liquid Processes 107Carolin Meyer, Sebastian Werner, Marco Haumann, and Peter Wasserscheid7 Vibrational Spectroscopy of Ionic Liquid Surfaces 145Chariz Peñalber-Johnstone and Steven Baldelli8 Raman Spectroscopy and the Heterogeneous Liquid Structure in Ionic Liquids 165Satyen Saha, Takashi Hiroi, Koichi Iwata, and Hiro‐O Hamaguchi9 (Eco)Toxicology and Biodegradation of Ionic Liquids 189Stefan Stolte, Marianne Matzke, and Jürgen Arning10 Ionic Liquids and Organic Reaction Mechanisms 209Tom Welton11 Crystallography of Ionic Liquids 231Neil WintertonIndex 535

Dr. NATALIA V. PLECHKOVA attained her BSc and MSc in chemical engineering at the Russian Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, and her PhD in chemistry, under the guidance of Professor Seddon. Since then she has been a research fellow and project manager in the QUILL (Queen’s University Ionic Liquid Laboratories) Research Centre, focussing on various aspects of ionic liquids, including their synthesis, characterisation, and applications (including biomass dissolution and carbon dioxide capture).Prof. KENNETH R. SEDDON, OBE is Chair of Inorganic Chemistry at the Queen’s University of Belfast, and director of the QUILL Research Centre, the world-leading industrial-academic consortium that was awarded the 2006 Queens’s Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education, and was involved with implementing a full-scale process for removing mercury from natural gas streams with Petronas, for which an unprecedented three global IChemE awards (2013), and the Nicklin medal, along with the ‘Teamwork in Innovation’ Award (2014) from the Royal Society of Chemistry were presented.

• Contents of “Ionic Liquids UnCOILed” viiContents of “Ionic Liquids Further UnCOILed” ixCOIL Conferences xiPreface xiiiAcknowledgements xvContributors xviiAbbreviations xix1 What Is an Ionic Liquid? 1Andrew P. Abbott, Karl Ryder, Peter Licence, and Alasdair W. Taylor2 N MR Studies of Ionic Liquids 13Paul M. Bayley, Jan Novak, and Maria Forsyth3 ‘Unusual Anions’ as Ionic Liquid Constituents 39Philipp Eiden and Ingo Krossing4 Investigating the Structure of Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid: Molecular Solute Interactions 55Christopher Hardacre, Claire Mullan, and Tristan G. A. Youngs5 Molecular Modelling of Ionic Liquids 83José N. Canongia Lopes, Margarida Costa Gomes, and Agilío A. H. Pádua6 Chemical Engineering of Ionic Liquid Processes 107Carolin Meyer, Sebastian Werner, Marco Haumann, and Peter Wasserscheid7 Vibrational Spectroscopy of Ionic Liquid Surfaces 145Chariz Peñalber-Johnstone and Steven Baldelli8 Raman Spectroscopy and the Heterogeneous Liquid Structure in Ionic Liquids 165Satyen Saha, Takashi Hiroi, Koichi Iwata, and Hiro‐O Hamaguchi9 (Eco)Toxicology and Biodegradation of Ionic Liquids 189Stefan Stolte, Marianne Matzke, and Jürgen Arning10 Ionic Liquids and Organic Reaction Mechanisms 209Tom Welton11 Crystallography of Ionic Liquids 231Neil WintertonIndex 535

Dr. NATALIA V. PLECHKOVA attained her BSc and MSc in chemical engineering at the Russian Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, and her PhD in chemistry, under the guidance of Professor Seddon. Since then she has been a research fellow and project manager in the QUILL (Queen’s University Ionic Liquid Laboratories) Research Centre, focussing on various aspects of ionic liquids, including their synthesis, characterisation, and applications (including biomass dissolution and carbon dioxide capture).Prof. KENNETH R. SEDDON, OBE is Chair of Inorganic Chemistry at the Queen’s University of Belfast, and director of the QUILL Research Centre, the world-leading industrial-academic consortium that was awarded the 2006 Queens’s Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education, and was involved with implementing a full-scale process for removing mercury from natural gas streams with Petronas, for which an unprecedented three global IChemE awards (2013), and the Nicklin medal, along with the ‘Teamwork in Innovation’ Award (2014) from the Royal Society of Chemistry were presented.

• Contents of “Ionic Liquids UnCOILed” viiContents of “Ionic Liquids Further UnCOILed” ixCOIL Conferences xiPreface xiiiAcknowledgements xvContributors xviiAbbreviations xix1 What Is an Ionic Liquid? 1Andrew P. Abbott, Karl Ryder, Peter Licence, and Alasdair W. Taylor2 N MR Studies of Ionic Liquids 13Paul M. Bayley, Jan Novak, and Maria Forsyth3 ‘Unusual Anions’ as Ionic Liquid Constituents 39Philipp Eiden and Ingo Krossing4 Investigating the Structure of Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid: Molecular Solute Interactions 55Christopher Hardacre, Claire Mullan, and Tristan G. A. Youngs5 Molecular Modelling of Ionic Liquids 83José N. Canongia Lopes, Margarida Costa Gomes, and Agilío A. H. Pádua6 Chemical Engineering of Ionic Liquid Processes 107Carolin Meyer, Sebastian Werner, Marco Haumann, and Peter Wasserscheid7 Vibrational Spectroscopy of Ionic Liquid Surfaces 145Chariz Peñalber-Johnstone and Steven Baldelli8 Raman Spectroscopy and the Heterogeneous Liquid Structure in Ionic Liquids 165Satyen Saha, Takashi Hiroi, Koichi Iwata, and Hiro‐O Hamaguchi9 (Eco)Toxicology and Biodegradation of Ionic Liquids 189Stefan Stolte, Marianne Matzke, and Jürgen Arning10 Ionic Liquids and Organic Reaction Mechanisms 209Tom Welton11 Crystallography of Ionic Liquids 231Neil WintertonIndex 535