LEAH ROBERTS is currently Chair in Education at the University of York, where she leads the Centre for Language Learning Research. Previously, after obtaining her PhD in Language and Linguistics from the University of Essex, UK, she worked in the Language Acquisition Group at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen in projects on multilingual processing and information structure. She has researched a range of topics in language learning and processing, with a major focus on real-time sentence and discourse processing in second language learners. ANTJE MEYER studied psychology and social sciences at the Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum (Germany) and obtained a PhD from the University of Nijmegen (The Netherlands). She was a professor of psycholinguistics at the University of Birmingham (UK) until she took up an appointment at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen. Much of her work has concerned aspects of language production and the relationships between specific linguistic and general cognitive processes such as visual attention, executive control, and working memory. Recently she has started to investigate the origins of individual differences in language processing, the main focus of her new research group.

• Individual Differences in Second Language Learning: IntroductionLeah Roberts and Antje Meyer Individual Differences in L2 Learning and Long-Term L1–L2 RelationshipsRichard L. Sparks Nature and Nurture in School-Based Second Language AchievementPhilip S. Dale, Nicole Harlaar, and Robert Plomin Determinants of Success in Native and Non-Native Listening Comprehension: An Individual Differences ApproachSible Andringa, Nomi Olsthoorn, Catherine van Beuningen, Rob Schoonen, and Jan Hulstijn Individual Differences in the Acquisition of a Complex L2 Phonology: A Training StudyAdriana Hanulíkov´a, Dan Dediu, Zhou Fang, Jana Ba¢snakov´a, and Falk Huettig The Structural Connectivity Underpinning Language Aptitude, Working Memory, and IQ in the Perisylvian Language NetworkHuadong Xiang, Dan Dediu, Leah Roberts, Erik van Oort, David G. Norris, and Peter Hagoort First and Second Language Speech Perception: Graded LearningN´uria Sebasti ´an-Gall´es and Bego˜na Díaz Second Language Proficiency and Cross-Language Lexical ActivationJanet G. van Hell and Darren Tanner