Advanced Content Delivery, Streaming, and Cloud Services

Mukaddim Pathan, PhD, is a Senior Specialist of Content Delivery Networks at Telstra Corporation Limited, Australia. He contributed in the development of MetaCDN, a Cloud-based CDN.Ramesh K. Sitaraman, is a computer science professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA. He is best known for his role in pioneering the first large content delivery networks. He helped create Akamai's distributed network and is an Akamai Fellow.Dom Robinson is the co-Founder and Director of Innovations at ide3as-company, UK. TVConnect 2014 awarded him as one of the 100 most influential people worldwide in TV and Media.

• Preface xvAcknowledgments xxiContributors xxiiiPART I CDN AND MEDIA STREAMING BASICS 11 CLOUD-BASED CONTENT DELIVERY AND STREAMING 3Mukaddim Pathan1.1 Introduction 31.2 CDN Overview 51.3 Workings of a CDN 101.4 CDN Trends 211.5 Research Issues 281.6 Conclusion 29References 292 LIVE STREAMING ECOSYSTEMS 33Dom Robinson2.1 Introduction 332.2 Live Streaming Pre-Evolution 342.3 Live, Linear, Nonlinear 352.4 Media Streaming 372.5 Related Network Models 382.6 Streaming Protocol Success 432.7 Platform Divergence and Codec Convergence 442.8 Adaptive Bitrate (ABR) Streaming 452.9 Internet Radio and HTTP 482.10 Conclusion 48References 493 PRACTICAL SYSTEMS FOR LIVE STREAMING 51Dom Robinson3.1 Introduction 513.2 Common Concepts in Live Streaming 523.3 The Practicals 563.4 Conclusion 69References 704 EFFICIENCY OF CACHING AND CONTENT DELIVERY IN BROADBAND ACCESS NETWORKS 71Gerhard Haslinger4.1 Introduction 714.2 Options and Properties for Web Caching 734.3 Zipf Laws for Requests to Popular Content 754.4 Efficiency and Performance Modeling for Caches 764.5 Effect of Replacement Strategies on Cache Hit Rates 784.6 Replacement Methods Based on Request Statistics 814.7 Global CDN and P2P Overlays for Content Delivery 844.8 Summary and Conclusion 86Acknowledgments 87References 875 ANYCAST REQUEST ROUTING FOR CONTENT DELIVERY NETWORKS 91Hussein A. Alzoubi, Michael Rabinovich, Seungjoon Lee, Kobus Van Der Merwe, and Oliver Spatscheck5.1 Introduction 915.2 CDN Request Routing: An Overview 935.3 A Practical Load-Aware IP Anycast CDN 965.4 Mapping Algorithms 985.5 Evaluation 1025.6 IPv6 Anycast CDNs 1075.7 Discussion and Open Questions 1145.8 Conclusion 116References 1166 CLOUD-BASED CONTENT DELIVERY TO HOME ECOSYSTEMS 119Tiago Cruz, Paulo Sim̃oes, and Edmundo Monteiro6.1 Introduction 1196.2 Bringing Cloud Services to Home: State of the Art 1206.3 Virtualizing the Access Network Infrastructure 1236.4 Virtualization for Cloud Service Delivery to Home 1306.5 Future Trends 1376.6 Summary and Conclusion 137Acknowledgments 137References 1387 MOBILE VIDEO STREAMING 141Ram Lakshmi Narayanan, Yinghua Ye, Anuj Kaul, and Mili Shah7.1 Introduction 1417.2 Mobile Broadband Architecture 1427.3 Video Streaming Protocols 1437.4 Video Optimization Services 1467.5 Operator-Hosted CDN 1497.6 Cloud-Based Video Streaming 1517.7 Future Research Directions 154Acknowledgments 156References 156PART II CDN PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND OPTIMIZATION 1598 CDN ANALYTICS: A PRIMER 161Timothy Siglin8.1 Introduction 1618.2 Why Measure? 1628.3 What do we Measure? 1628.4 What about Business Intelligence? 1698.5 Measuring Stateless Delivery 1718.6 Billing Analytics 1738.7 CDN Analytics Tools 1748.8 Recent Trends in CDN Analytics 1758.9 Conclusion 176References 1769 CDN MODELING 179Tolga Bektas and Ozgur Ercetin9.1 Introduction 1799.2 Basics on Mathematical Modeling and Optimization 1809.3 Video-on-Demand Applications 1829.4 Optimization Problems in Content Delivery and VoD Services 1859.5 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 1989.6 Future Research Directions 1989.7 Conclusions 199Acknowledgments 200References 20010 ANALYZING CONTENT DELIVERY NETWORKS 203Benjamin Molina, Jaime Calvo, Carlos E. Palau, and Manuel Esteve10.1 Introduction 20310.2 Previous Work 20410.3 Basic CDN Model 20510.4 Enhancing the Model 20610.5 Performance Evaluation 21210.6 Conclusions 216References 21611 MULTISOURCE STREAM AGGREGATION IN THE CLOUD 219Marat Zhanikeev11.1 Introduction 21911.2 Terminologies 22111.3 Background and Related Work 22211.4 The Substream Method in the Cloud 22411.5 Stream Aggregation in the Cloud 22611.6 Models 22811.7 Analysis 23111.8 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 23611.9 Future Research Directions 23811.10 Conclusion 239References 23912 BEYOND CDN: CONTENT PROCESSING AT THE EDGE OF THE CLOUD 243Salekul Islam and Jean-Charles Gŕegoire12.1 Introduction 24312.2 Existing Content Delivery Platforms 24412.3 Comparison of Existing Content Delivery Platforms 24712.4 An Edge Cloud-Based Model 25112.5 Results and Insights 25512.6 Future Research Directions 25612.7 Conclusion 257References 25713 DYNAMIC RECONFIGURATION FOR ADAPTIVE STREAMING 259Norihiko Yoshida13.1 Introduction 25913.2 Background and Related Work 26013.3 Dynamic Server Deployment 26213.4 From Content Delivery to Streaming 26313.5 Future Research Directions 26713.6 Conclusion 269Acknowledgments 269References 26914 MINING DISTRIBUTED DATA STREAMS ON CONTENT DELIVERY NETWORKS 273Eugenio Cesario, Carlo Mastroianni, and Domenico Talia14.1 Introduction 27314.2 Background and Related Work 27514.3 A Hybrid Multidomain Architecture 27714.4 A Prototype for Stream Mining in a CDN 28114.5 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 28514.6 Future Research Directions 28514.7 Conclusion 286References 28615 CDN CAPACITY PLANNING 289Phil Davies and Mukaddim Pathan15.1 Introduction 28915.2 Capacity Planning Process 29015.3 Undertaking the Capacity Planning Process 29515.4 CDN Capacity Planning Case Study 30015.5 Recent Developments and Challenges 30215.6 Summary and Conclusion 303References 303PART III CASE STUDIES AND NEXT GENERATION CDNs 30516 OVERLAY NETWORKS: AN AKAMAI PERSPECTIVE 307Ramesh K. Sitaraman, Mangesh Kasbekar, Woody Lichtenstein, and Manish Jain16.1 Introduction 30716.2 Background 30916.3 Caching Overlays 31416.4 Routing Overlays 31816.5 Security Overlays 32316.6 Conclusion 325References 32617 NEXT-GENERATION CDNs: A CoBlitz PERSPECTIVE 329Vivek S. Pai17.1 Introduction 32917.2 Carrier CDNs 33117.3 Managed CDNs 33217.4 Federated CDNs 33317.5 Licensed CDNs 33517.6 Case Study: CoBlitz 33717.7 CoBlitz Commercialization 34317.8 Implications of HTTP Adaptive Streaming 34517.9 CoBlitz Commercialization Lessons 34717.10 CDN Industry Directions 348Acknowledgments 349References 34918 CONTENT DELIVERY IN CHINA: A ChinaCache PERSPECTIVE 353Michael Talyansky, Alexei Tumarkin, Hunter Xu, and Ken Zhang18.1 Introduction 35318.2 Content-Aware Network Services in China 35618.3 Directions for Future CDN Research and Trends in China 36518.4 Conclusion 366References 36619 PlatonTV: A SCIENTIFIC HIGH DEFINITION CONTENT DELIVERY PLATFORM 369Mirosław Czyrnek, Jedrzej Jajor, Jerzy Jamrozy, Ewa Kusmierek, Cezary Mazurek, Maciej Stroinski, and Jan Weglarz19.1 Introduction 36919.2 Background and Related Work 37119.3 PlatonTV Architecture 37219.4 Content Ingest 37419.5 Content Distribution and Management 37619.6 Content Delivery 37919.7 Availability and Reliability 38119.8 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 38219.9 Future Research Directions 38319.10 Conclusion 383Acknowledgments 383References 38420 CacheCast: A SINGLE-SOURCE MULTIPLE-DESTINATION CACHING MECHANISM 385Piotr Srebrny, Dag H.L. Sorbo, Thomas Plagemann, Vera Goebel, and Andreas Mauthe20.1 Introduction 38520.2 Related Work 38720.3 CacheCast Overview 38820.4 Background on Multidestination Traffic 38920.5 CacheCast Design 39120.6 CacheCast Efficiency 39620.7 CacheCast Applications 39920.8 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 40720.9 Future Research Directions 40920.10 Conclusion 409Acknowledgments 410References 41021 CONTENT REPLICATION AND DELIVERY IN INFORMATION-CENTRIC NETWORKS 413Vasilis Sourlas, Paris Flegkas, Dimitrios Katsaros, and Leandros Tassiulas21.1 Introduction 41321.2 Related Work 41421.3 Framework for Information Replication in ICN 41621.4 Performance Evaluation 42321.5 Future Research Directions 42621.6 Conclusion 426Acknowledgments 427References 42722 ROBUST CONTENT BROADCASTING IN VEHICULAR NETWORKS 431Giancarlo Fortino, Carlos T. Calafate, Juan C. Cano, and Pietro Manzoni22.1 Introduction 43122.2 Vehicular Networks 43222.3 Forward Error Correction Techniques 43322.4 A Robust Broadcast-Based Content Delivery System 43422.5 CDS Simulation in NS-3 43622.6 Performance Evaluation 43722.7 Future Research Trends 44422.8 Summary and Conclusion 446Acknowledgments 447References 44723 ON THE IMPACT OF ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS IN CONTENT DELIVERY 449Irene Kilanioti, Chryssis Georgiou, and George Pallis23.1 Introduction 44923.2 Online Social Networks Background 45023.3 Characterization of Social Cascades 45323.4 Online Social Network Measurements 45623.5 Systems 45823.6 Future Research Directions 45923.7 Conclusion 461Acknowledgments 461References 461Index 465