Biofuels Production

Dr. Vikash Babu, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, India, where he advises graduate students. He has received many professional awards, published numerous articles for journals and international conferences. His area of interest is industrial microbiology and bioenergy. Recently, he was awarded a research project from DBT, Govt. of India, for the production of bioplastics.Dr. Ashish Thapliyal has over 15 years of research experience and completed his PhD from HNB Garhwal University with a University Grants Commission (UGC-India) fellowship. He has held positions at National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, as well as Utah State University. He has also been associated with Graphic Era University (GEU), India, and helped in the establishment of the Department of Biotechnology at GEU.Dr. Girijesh Kumar Patel received his bachelor of science degree in chemistry and botany and master of science in biotechnology from Gorakhpur University in 2004. After completing his PhD at the Indian Institute of Techology, he joined Graphic Era University as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology. He has contributed several international research papers and book chapters and is the official reviewer of many international journals.

"Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals." (Choice, 1 June 2013)

• Preface xviiList of Contributors xix1 Introduction to Biofuels 1Pramod Kumar and Vikash Babu 1.1 Global Scenario of Biofuel Production and Economy 4 References 72 Advances in Biofuel Production 11M.D. Berni, I.L. Dorileo, J.M. Prado, T. Forster-Carneiro and M.A.A. Meireles2.1 Introduction 122.2 Advances in the Production of First, Second and Third Generation Biofuels 162.3 Future Trends of Biofuels Development 442.3 Conclusions 54Acknowledgements 55References 553 Processing of Biofuels 59Divya Gupta, Ajeet Singh, Ashwani Sharma and Anshul Nigam3.1 Introduction 593.2 Biodiesel from Algae 613.3 Cellulosic Ethanol 723.4 Syngas 783.5 Conclusion 80References 804 Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Bioethanol Production 85Virendra Kumar, Purnima Dhall, Rita Kumar and Anil Kumar4.1 Introduction 864.2 Bioethanol Production Process 904.3 Genetic Engineering for Bioethanol Production 1094.4 Future Perspective 111References 1125 Recent Progress on Microbial Metabolic Engineering for the Conversion of Lignocellulose Waste for Biofuel Production 119Shubhangini Sharma, Reena, Anil Kumar and Pallavi Mittal5.1 Introduction 1205.2 Role of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering in Biofuel Production 1225.3 Problems with Different Biofuels and Areas of Improvement 1245.4 General Process of Metabolic Engineering 1275.5 Metabolic Engineering in Different Microorganisms 1335.6 Conclusion 141References 1426 Microbial Production of Biofuels 147Panwar AS, Jugran J and Joshi GK6.1 Introduction 1476.2 Types of Biofuels Produced Through Microorganisms 1496.3 Future Prospects and Conclusion 163References 1657 Microalgae in Biofuel Production-Current Status and Future Prospects 167Navneet Singh Chaudhary7.1 Introduction 1687.2 Microalgae in Biofuel Production 1707.3 Comparison of Cyanobacteria with Microalgae in Biofuel Production 1717.4 Applications of Cyanobacteria and Microalgae in Biofuel Production 1727.5 Selection of Microalgae for Biofuel Production 1777.6 Cultivation of Microalgae for Production of Biofuel and Co-Products 1797.7 Harvesting and Drying of Microalgae 1817.8 Processing, Extraction and Separation of Microalgae 1827.9 Biofuels and Co-Products from Microalgae 1847.10 Challenges and Hurdles in Biofuel Production 1927.11 Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Microalgae for Biofuel–Bioenergy Production 1987.12 Conclusion and Future Prospectus 204References 2068 Bioethanol Production Processes 211Mohammad J. Taherzadeh, Patrik R. Lennartsson, Oliver Teichert and Håkan Nordholm8.1 Introduction 2118.2 Global Market for Bioethanol and Future Prospects 2128.3 Overall Process of Bioethanol Production 2138.4 Production of Sugars from Raw Materials 2138.5 Characterization of Lignocellulosic Materials 2188.6 Sugar Solution from Lignocellulosic Materials 2208.7 Basic Concepts of Fermentation 2258.8 Conversion of Simple Sugars to Ethanol 2258.9 Biochemical Basis for Ethanol Production from Hexoses 2268.10 Biochemical Basis for Ethanol Production from Pentoses 2288.11 Microorganisms Related to Ethanol Fermentation 2298.12 Fermentation Processes 2338.13 Ethanol Recovery 2428.14 Distillation 2438.15 Alternative Processes for Ethanol Recovery and Purification 245 8.16 Ethanol Dehydration 2468.17 Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles 2478.18 Sustainability of Bioethanol Production 2488.19 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects 249References 2499 Production of Butanol: A Biofuel 255Sapna Jain, Mukesh Kumar Yadav and Ajay Kumar9.1 Introduction 2569.2 Butanol and its Properties 2579.3 Butanol as Fuel 2579.4 Industrial applications of Butanol and its Derivatives 2609.5 Methods for Production of Butanol 2619.6 In situ Separation Techniques for Butanol 2739.7 Future Prospects 279References 28010 Production of Biodiesel from Various Sources 285Komal Saxena, Avinash Kumar Sharma, Lalit Agrawal and Ashish Deep Gupta10.1 Introduction 28510.2 Sources/Feedstocks for the Production of Biodiesel 286 10.3 Various Processes of Biodiesel Production 29010.4 Determination of Yield, Process Optimization and Biodiesel Standardization 30210.5 Conclusion 304References 30411 Bio-Hydrogen Production: Current Scenarios and Future Prospects 309Sumita Srivastav, Prashant Anthwal, Tribhuwan Chandra and Ashish Thapliyal11.1 Introduction 31011.2 Conventional Methods of Hydrogen Production 31011.3 Hydrogen from Renewables Sources 31211.4 Methods of Hydrogen Production through Bio-Routes involving Biochemical Processes 31511.5 Recent Advancement in Production of Bio-Hydrogen 31911.6 Status of Biohydrogen Production 32911.7 Conclusions 329References 33112 Biomethane Production 333Ruchika Goyal, Vikash Babu and Girijesh Kumar Patel12.1 Introduction 33412.2 Features of Biomethane 33712.3 Global Scenario of Biomethane 33912.4 Biomethane Production – Waste to Fuel Technology 34112.5 Biogas Cleaning and Upgrading 34312.6 Conclusions 354References 354Index 357