Visual Guide to Neonatal Cardiology

Ernerio T. Alboliras, MD is a Fetal and Pediatric Cardiologist, Medical Director, Genus Heart Center, Scottsdale, Arizona and formerly was with Division of Cardiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USAZiyad M. Hijazi, MD, MPH is a Professor of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College and Acting Chief Medical Officer - Chair of the Department of Pediatrics and Director, Sidra Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Doha, QatarLeo Lopez, MD is a Director of Cardiac Non-Invasive Imaging, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USADonald J. Hagler, MD is a Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

• Preface xxiList of Contributors xxiiiPart I Prenatal and Perinatal Issues 11 Cardiac Embryology and Embryopathy 3Robert H. Anderson, Nigel A. Brown, and Timothy J. Mohun2 Maternal, Familial, and Non-Cardiac Fetal Conditions Affecting the Fetal and Neonatal Heart 23Miwa K. Geiger and Anita J. Moon-Grady3 The Natural and Unnatural History of Fetal Heart Disease 31Karim A. Diab and Samer MasriPart II General Neonatal Issues 414 Epidemiology of Heart Defects 43Gregory H. Tatum and Piers C.A. Barker5 The Transitional and Neonatal Heart and Cardiovascular System 48Timothy M. Cordes6 History and Physical Examination 53Ernerio T. Alboliras7 The Cyanotic Newborn 56Ernerio T. Alboliras8 The Tachypneic Newborn 59Ernerio T. Alboliras9 The Hypoperfused Newborn 61Deepti Bhat10 The Dysmorphic Newborn 64Stephanie Burns Wechsler and Marie McDonaldPart III Diagnostic Procedures 7111 Chest Roentgenogram 73Randy Richardson, Darshit Thakrar, and Deepak Kaura12 Electrocardiogram 80Bryan Cannon13 Echocardiogram 85Michael D. Quartermain14 Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography 91Howaida El-Said and Sergio Bartakian15 Computed Tomography 98Randy Richardson16 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 104Shaine A. Morris and Timothy C. Slesnick17 Electrophysiologic Testing, Transesophageal Pacing and Pacemakers 109Bryan CannonPart IV Specific Morphologic Conditions 11318 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection 115David W. Brown and Tal Geva19 Other Anomalies of Pulmonary and Systemic Venous Connections 121Mark V. Zilberman and Clifford L. Cua20 Anomalies of Atrial Septation 127Darren Hutchinson and Lisa Hornberger21 Atrial Chamber Obstruction 133Lisa Hornberger22 Common Atrioventricular Canal Defects 137MerylS.Cohen,MD23 Ventricular Septal Defect 145Lowell Frank24 Tricuspid Atresia 152Nathaniel W. Taggart25 Ebstein Malformation and Tricuspid Valve Dysplasias 158Sameh M. Said, Donald J. Hagler, and Joseph A. DearaniEvan M. Zahn and Darren P. Berman27 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum 173Kiran K. Mallula and Zahid Amin28 Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Stenosis or Atresia 179Muhammad Yasir Qureshi and Frank Cetta29 Absent Pulmonary Valve 190Brieann Muller and Sawsan Awad30 Transposition of the Great Arteries 194Adam L. Dorfman31 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries 199Camden L. Hebson and William L. Border32 Common Arterial Trunk (Truncus Arteriosus) 205Michael C. Mongé, Osama Eltayeb, Andrada Popescu, and Carl L. Backer33 Mitral Valve Apparatus Abnormalities 210Shubhika Srivastava34 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 217Aaron Bell and Hannah Bellsham-Revell35 Aortic Stenosis 226Salwa Gendi and Ra-id Abdulla36 Coronary Artery Anomalies 233Grace Choi and Peter Koenig37 Aorto-Left Ventricular Tunnel 238Patrick W. O’Leary38 Coronary Cameral Fistulas 245Gareth J. Morgan and Shakeel A. Qureshi39 Aortopulmonary Window 249Carl L. Backer, Michael C. Mongé, Andrada R. Popescu, and Osama Eltayeb40 Anomalous Origin of a Branch Pulmonary Artery From the Ascending Aorta (Hemitruncus) 253Michael C. Mongé, Osama Eltayeb, Andrada R. Popescu, and Carl L. Backer41 Interrupted Aortic Arch 255Michael C. Mongé, Hyde M. Russell, and Carl L. Backer42 Coarctation of the Aorta 260Hitesh Agrawal, John W. Bokowski, and Damien Kenny43 Vascular Rings and Pulmonary Slings 265Donald J. Hagler and Jessica Bowman44 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 274Irene D. Lytrivi and H. Helen Ko45 Double Outlet Left Ventricle 280Sarah Chambers Gurson and Leo Lopez46 Single Ventricle and Biventricular Hearts with Hypoplasia of One Ventricle 283Denise A. Hayes, Sujatha Budde, and Wyman W. Lai47 Dextrocardia and the Heterotaxy Syndromes 292Sowmya Balasubramanian and Rajesh Punn48 Ectopia Cordis and Thoracopagus Twins 298Sawsan Awad49 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 302Robert Puntel50 Neonatal Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Syndromes with Infantile Cardiac Hypertrophy 308J. Martijn Bos and Michael J. Ackerman51 Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis 313Jonathan N. Johnson52 Cardiac Chamber Aneurysms and Diverticula 319Lisa Hornberger53 Cardiac Tumors 323Nadine Choueiter and Rebecca S. Beroukhim54 Arteriovenous Malformations 330Allison K. Cabalka55 Pericardial Defects 336Donald J. Hagler56 Miscellaneous Chest Abnormalities Affecting the Heart: Diaphragmatic Hernia and Eventration; Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung 342Mark Wylam57 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn 350Amish Jain and Mark K. Friedberg58 Hydrops Fetalis 359James C. HuhtaPart V Rhythm Disturbances in the Newborn 36959 Structural, Metabolic, and Genetic Abnormalities Affecting the Neonatal Conduction System 371Supaluck Kanjanauthai and Ira Shetty60 Tachydysrhythmias 380Barbara J. Deal61 Bradydysrhythmias 386Gregory Webster and Barbara J. Deal62 Atrial and Ventricular Ectopies 394SabrinaTsaoandBarbaraJ.DealPart VI Special Issues in the Newborn 40163 Balloon Atrial Septostomy 403Neil D. Patel and Damien Kenny64 Interventional Therapeutic Procedures in the Newborn 406Salwa M. Gendi, Qi-Ling Cao, and Ziyad M. Hijazi65 The Hybrid Procedure 419Ralf J. Holzer66 Neonatal Cardiac Surgical Procedures 430Harold M. Burkhart67 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Ventricular Assist Devices 443Vikas Sharma, Gregory J. Schears, and Joseph A. Dearani68 Neonatal Cardiac Transplantation 451Stephen Pophal, Justin Ryan, and John J. Nigro69 Postoperative Care of the Newborn 456Anthony F. Rossi and Enrique Oliver AregullinPart VII Neonatal Formulary 47170 Drugs 473Enrique Oliver Aregullin and Anthony F. Rossi71 Nutrition 483Nicole SuttonIndex 489