The authorsGéza T. Terézhalmy, DDS, MA, is Professor and Dean Emeritus in the School of Dental Medicine at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.Michaell A. Huber, DDS, is Adjunct Professor in the Department of Comprehensive Dentistry at UT Health San Antonio School of Dentistry in San Antonio, Texas, USA.Lily T. García, DDS, MS, FACP, is Professor and Dean of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, School of Dental Medicine in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.Ronald L. Occhionero, DDS, is Professor and Associate Dean for Administration at Case Western Reserve School of Dental Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

• Preface to the Second Edition ixPreface to the First Edition xiList of Contributors xiiiAbout the Companion Website xv1 Introduction to the Clinical Process 11.1 Essential Elements of the Clinical Process 11.2 Quality Management in the Clinical Process 21.3 Patient–Doctor Communication in the Clinical Process 31.4 Characteristics of the Patient–Doctor Relationship 61.5 Documentation of the Clinical Process 61.6 Designations and Abbreviations 101.7 Summary 18Suggested Reading 182 The Historical Profile 192.1 Patient Identification 202.2 Chief Complaint (Problem) 202.3 Dental History 212.4 Medical History 212.5 Family History 222.6 Social History 222.7 Review of Organ Systems 232.8 Summary 35Suggested Reading 363 Basic Procedures in Physical Examination 393.1 Inspection 393.2 Palpation 533.3 Percussion 533.4 Auscultation 543.5 Olfaction 543.6 Evaluation of Function 543.7 Summary 61Suggested Reading 614 Examination of the Head and Neck 634.1 Examine the Head and Face 634.2 Examine the Ears and Temporomandibular Joints 984.3 Examine the Nose 994.4 Examine the Eyes 1014.5 Examine the Hair 1064.6 Examine the Neck 1094.7 Examine the Lymph Nodes 1134.8 Conclusion 116Suggested Reading 1175 Examination of the Oral Cavity 1235.1 Examine the Vermilion of the Lips 1235.2 Examine the Labial and Buccal Mucosa 1315.3 Examine the Hard Palate 1425.4 Examine the Soft Palate and Tonsillar Area 1495.5 Examine the Tongue 1525.6 Examine the Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X) Nerves 1575.7 Examine the Floor of the Mouth 1585.8 Examine the Gingivae 1615.9 Examine the Teeth 1685.10 Summary 171Suggested Reading 1726 Radiographic Examination 1776.1 Radiographic Examination of the New Patient 1786.2 Radiographic Examination of the Recall Patient 1796.3 Introduction to Radiographic Interpretation 1806.4 Radiographic Manifestations of Common Conditions 1816.5 Conclusion 201Suggested Reading 2017 Laboratory Methods 2037.1 Hematology Screening 2047.2 Evaluation of Hemostasis 2057.3 Biochemical Tests 2087.4 Tissue Studies 2117.5 Summary 214Suggested Reading 2148 Diagnostic and Treatment Planning Considerations for Orofacial Pain 2158.1 Subjective Information 2168.2 Objective Findings 2178.3 Plan: Treatment Options 2218.4 Summary 224Suggested Reading 2249 Evidence-Based Treatment Planning in Restorative Dentistry 2279.1 Historical Perspective 2279.2 Etiology of Dental Caries 2289.3 Caries Lesion Detection, Assessment and Diagnosis 2309.4 Primary Caries Lesion Diagnosis and Risk Assessment 2349.5 Developing a Minimally Invasive Evidence-Based Treatment Plan Predicated on Caries Risk 2359.6 Diagnosis and Treatment of Root Caries Lesions 2419.7 Clinical Detection and Diagnosis of Secondary or Recurrent Caries Lesions 2429.8 Repair Versus Replacement of Direct Restorations 2439.9 Summary 244Suggested Reading 24410 Periodontal and Peri-Implant Examination 24910.1 Periodontal Evaluation 25010.2 Establishing a Periodontal Diagnosis 25610.3 Basic Principles of Periodontal Treatment Planning 26210.4 Peri-Implant Examination and Diagnosis 26410.5 Summary 264References 26511 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 26911.1 Introduction 26911.2 Medical History 27011.3 Chief Complaint (CC) 27011.4 History of Present Illness (HPI) 27011.5 Past Medical History 27111.6 Past Surgical History 27111.7 Medications 27111.8 Allergies 27111.9 Social History 27211.10 Last Meal 27211.11 Review of Systems (ROS) 27211.12 Physical Examination 27211.13 Medical Status 27511.14 Anesthesia Requirements 276References 29412 Endodontic Evaluation 29512.1 Introduction 29512.2 Pulp Status 29712.3 Periradicular Status 29912.4 Imaging Assessment 30212.5 Additional Clinical Evaluations 30312.6 Diagnosis 30412.7 Endodontic Treatment Planning 30612.8 Concluding Remarks 311References 31113 Prosthodontic Restoration 31313.1 Documenting Patient Health Histories 31313.2 Documenting Clinical, Radiographic, and Photographic Findings 31513.3 Designing Prosthodontic Treatment Plans 32013.4 Summary 338References 34014 Exam, Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Pediatric Patients 34314.1 The Complete History and Examination 34314.2 Diagnosis 36014.3 Treatment Planning 36114.4 Risk Based, Age Appropriate Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 370Recommended Textbooks and Additional Reading 384References 38415 Orthodontics for the General Practitioner 38715.1 Introduction to Orthodontics 38715.2 Diagnosis and Malocclusion Classification 38815.3 Orthodontic Interventions Commonly Accomplished by the General Practitioner 39915.4 Management of the Mixed Dentition 402Recommended Resources and Textbooks 404References 40416 Putting It All Together 40716.1 Rational Approach to Treatment Planning 40716.2 Putting It All Together 41016.3 Presentation of the Treatment Plan 41116.4 Consultations and Referrals 41216.5 Conclusion 413Suggested Reading 414Index 415

The authorsGéza T. Terézhalmy, DDS, MA, is Professor and Dean Emeritus in the School of Dental Medicine at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.Michaell A. Huber, DDS, is Adjunct Professor in the Department of Comprehensive Dentistry at UT Health San Antonio School of Dentistry in San Antonio, Texas, USA.Lily T. García, DDS, MS, FACP, is Professor and Dean of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, School of Dental Medicine in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.Ronald L. Occhionero, DDS, is Professor and Associate Dean for Administration at Case Western Reserve School of Dental Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

• Preface to the Second Edition ixPreface to the First Edition xiList of Contributors xiiiAbout the Companion Website xv1 Introduction to the Clinical Process 11.1 Essential Elements of the Clinical Process 11.2 Quality Management in the Clinical Process 21.3 Patient–Doctor Communication in the Clinical Process 31.4 Characteristics of the Patient–Doctor Relationship 61.5 Documentation of the Clinical Process 61.6 Designations and Abbreviations 101.7 Summary 18Suggested Reading 182 The Historical Profile 192.1 Patient Identification 202.2 Chief Complaint (Problem) 202.3 Dental History 212.4 Medical History 212.5 Family History 222.6 Social History 222.7 Review of Organ Systems 232.8 Summary 35Suggested Reading 363 Basic Procedures in Physical Examination 393.1 Inspection 393.2 Palpation 533.3 Percussion 533.4 Auscultation 543.5 Olfaction 543.6 Evaluation of Function 543.7 Summary 61Suggested Reading 614 Examination of the Head and Neck 634.1 Examine the Head and Face 634.2 Examine the Ears and Temporomandibular Joints 984.3 Examine the Nose 994.4 Examine the Eyes 1014.5 Examine the Hair 1064.6 Examine the Neck 1094.7 Examine the Lymph Nodes 1134.8 Conclusion 116Suggested Reading 1175 Examination of the Oral Cavity 1235.1 Examine the Vermilion of the Lips 1235.2 Examine the Labial and Buccal Mucosa 1315.3 Examine the Hard Palate 1425.4 Examine the Soft Palate and Tonsillar Area 1495.5 Examine the Tongue 1525.6 Examine the Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X) Nerves 1575.7 Examine the Floor of the Mouth 1585.8 Examine the Gingivae 1615.9 Examine the Teeth 1685.10 Summary 171Suggested Reading 1726 Radiographic Examination 1776.1 Radiographic Examination of the New Patient 1786.2 Radiographic Examination of the Recall Patient 1796.3 Introduction to Radiographic Interpretation 1806.4 Radiographic Manifestations of Common Conditions 1816.5 Conclusion 201Suggested Reading 2017 Laboratory Methods 2037.1 Hematology Screening 2047.2 Evaluation of Hemostasis 2057.3 Biochemical Tests 2087.4 Tissue Studies 2117.5 Summary 214Suggested Reading 2148 Diagnostic and Treatment Planning Considerations for Orofacial Pain 2158.1 Subjective Information 2168.2 Objective Findings 2178.3 Plan: Treatment Options 2218.4 Summary 224Suggested Reading 2249 Evidence-Based Treatment Planning in Restorative Dentistry 2279.1 Historical Perspective 2279.2 Etiology of Dental Caries 2289.3 Caries Lesion Detection, Assessment and Diagnosis 2309.4 Primary Caries Lesion Diagnosis and Risk Assessment 2349.5 Developing a Minimally Invasive Evidence-Based Treatment Plan Predicated on Caries Risk 2359.6 Diagnosis and Treatment of Root Caries Lesions 2419.7 Clinical Detection and Diagnosis of Secondary or Recurrent Caries Lesions 2429.8 Repair Versus Replacement of Direct Restorations 2439.9 Summary 244Suggested Reading 24410 Periodontal and Peri-Implant Examination 24910.1 Periodontal Evaluation 25010.2 Establishing a Periodontal Diagnosis 25610.3 Basic Principles of Periodontal Treatment Planning 26210.4 Peri-Implant Examination and Diagnosis 26410.5 Summary 264References 26511 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 26911.1 Introduction 26911.2 Medical History 27011.3 Chief Complaint (CC) 27011.4 History of Present Illness (HPI) 27011.5 Past Medical History 27111.6 Past Surgical History 27111.7 Medications 27111.8 Allergies 27111.9 Social History 27211.10 Last Meal 27211.11 Review of Systems (ROS) 27211.12 Physical Examination 27211.13 Medical Status 27511.14 Anesthesia Requirements 276References 29412 Endodontic Evaluation 29512.1 Introduction 29512.2 Pulp Status 29712.3 Periradicular Status 29912.4 Imaging Assessment 30212.5 Additional Clinical Evaluations 30312.6 Diagnosis 30412.7 Endodontic Treatment Planning 30612.8 Concluding Remarks 311References 31113 Prosthodontic Restoration 31313.1 Documenting Patient Health Histories 31313.2 Documenting Clinical, Radiographic, and Photographic Findings 31513.3 Designing Prosthodontic Treatment Plans 32013.4 Summary 338References 34014 Exam, Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Pediatric Patients 34314.1 The Complete History and Examination 34314.2 Diagnosis 36014.3 Treatment Planning 36114.4 Risk Based, Age Appropriate Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 370Recommended Textbooks and Additional Reading 384References 38415 Orthodontics for the General Practitioner 38715.1 Introduction to Orthodontics 38715.2 Diagnosis and Malocclusion Classification 38815.3 Orthodontic Interventions Commonly Accomplished by the General Practitioner 39915.4 Management of the Mixed Dentition 402Recommended Resources and Textbooks 404References 40416 Putting It All Together 40716.1 Rational Approach to Treatment Planning 40716.2 Putting It All Together 41016.3 Presentation of the Treatment Plan 41116.4 Consultations and Referrals 41216.5 Conclusion 413Suggested Reading 414Index 415

The authorsGéza T. Terézhalmy, DDS, MA, is Professor and Dean Emeritus in the School of Dental Medicine at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.Michaell A. Huber, DDS, is Adjunct Professor in the Department of Comprehensive Dentistry at UT Health San Antonio School of Dentistry in San Antonio, Texas, USA.Lily T. García, DDS, MS, FACP, is Professor and Dean of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, School of Dental Medicine in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.Ronald L. Occhionero, DDS, is Professor and Associate Dean for Administration at Case Western Reserve School of Dental Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

• Preface to the Second Edition ixPreface to the First Edition xiList of Contributors xiiiAbout the Companion Website xv1 Introduction to the Clinical Process 11.1 Essential Elements of the Clinical Process 11.2 Quality Management in the Clinical Process 21.3 Patient–Doctor Communication in the Clinical Process 31.4 Characteristics of the Patient–Doctor Relationship 61.5 Documentation of the Clinical Process 61.6 Designations and Abbreviations 101.7 Summary 18Suggested Reading 182 The Historical Profile 192.1 Patient Identification 202.2 Chief Complaint (Problem) 202.3 Dental History 212.4 Medical History 212.5 Family History 222.6 Social History 222.7 Review of Organ Systems 232.8 Summary 35Suggested Reading 363 Basic Procedures in Physical Examination 393.1 Inspection 393.2 Palpation 533.3 Percussion 533.4 Auscultation 543.5 Olfaction 543.6 Evaluation of Function 543.7 Summary 61Suggested Reading 614 Examination of the Head and Neck 634.1 Examine the Head and Face 634.2 Examine the Ears and Temporomandibular Joints 984.3 Examine the Nose 994.4 Examine the Eyes 1014.5 Examine the Hair 1064.6 Examine the Neck 1094.7 Examine the Lymph Nodes 1134.8 Conclusion 116Suggested Reading 1175 Examination of the Oral Cavity 1235.1 Examine the Vermilion of the Lips 1235.2 Examine the Labial and Buccal Mucosa 1315.3 Examine the Hard Palate 1425.4 Examine the Soft Palate and Tonsillar Area 1495.5 Examine the Tongue 1525.6 Examine the Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X) Nerves 1575.7 Examine the Floor of the Mouth 1585.8 Examine the Gingivae 1615.9 Examine the Teeth 1685.10 Summary 171Suggested Reading 1726 Radiographic Examination 1776.1 Radiographic Examination of the New Patient 1786.2 Radiographic Examination of the Recall Patient 1796.3 Introduction to Radiographic Interpretation 1806.4 Radiographic Manifestations of Common Conditions 1816.5 Conclusion 201Suggested Reading 2017 Laboratory Methods 2037.1 Hematology Screening 2047.2 Evaluation of Hemostasis 2057.3 Biochemical Tests 2087.4 Tissue Studies 2117.5 Summary 214Suggested Reading 2148 Diagnostic and Treatment Planning Considerations for Orofacial Pain 2158.1 Subjective Information 2168.2 Objective Findings 2178.3 Plan: Treatment Options 2218.4 Summary 224Suggested Reading 2249 Evidence-Based Treatment Planning in Restorative Dentistry 2279.1 Historical Perspective 2279.2 Etiology of Dental Caries 2289.3 Caries Lesion Detection, Assessment and Diagnosis 2309.4 Primary Caries Lesion Diagnosis and Risk Assessment 2349.5 Developing a Minimally Invasive Evidence-Based Treatment Plan Predicated on Caries Risk 2359.6 Diagnosis and Treatment of Root Caries Lesions 2419.7 Clinical Detection and Diagnosis of Secondary or Recurrent Caries Lesions 2429.8 Repair Versus Replacement of Direct Restorations 2439.9 Summary 244Suggested Reading 24410 Periodontal and Peri-Implant Examination 24910.1 Periodontal Evaluation 25010.2 Establishing a Periodontal Diagnosis 25610.3 Basic Principles of Periodontal Treatment Planning 26210.4 Peri-Implant Examination and Diagnosis 26410.5 Summary 264References 26511 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 26911.1 Introduction 26911.2 Medical History 27011.3 Chief Complaint (CC) 27011.4 History of Present Illness (HPI) 27011.5 Past Medical History 27111.6 Past Surgical History 27111.7 Medications 27111.8 Allergies 27111.9 Social History 27211.10 Last Meal 27211.11 Review of Systems (ROS) 27211.12 Physical Examination 27211.13 Medical Status 27511.14 Anesthesia Requirements 276References 29412 Endodontic Evaluation 29512.1 Introduction 29512.2 Pulp Status 29712.3 Periradicular Status 29912.4 Imaging Assessment 30212.5 Additional Clinical Evaluations 30312.6 Diagnosis 30412.7 Endodontic Treatment Planning 30612.8 Concluding Remarks 311References 31113 Prosthodontic Restoration 31313.1 Documenting Patient Health Histories 31313.2 Documenting Clinical, Radiographic, and Photographic Findings 31513.3 Designing Prosthodontic Treatment Plans 32013.4 Summary 338References 34014 Exam, Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Pediatric Patients 34314.1 The Complete History and Examination 34314.2 Diagnosis 36014.3 Treatment Planning 36114.4 Risk Based, Age Appropriate Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 370Recommended Textbooks and Additional Reading 384References 38415 Orthodontics for the General Practitioner 38715.1 Introduction to Orthodontics 38715.2 Diagnosis and Malocclusion Classification 38815.3 Orthodontic Interventions Commonly Accomplished by the General Practitioner 39915.4 Management of the Mixed Dentition 402Recommended Resources and Textbooks 404References 40416 Putting It All Together 40716.1 Rational Approach to Treatment Planning 40716.2 Putting It All Together 41016.3 Presentation of the Treatment Plan 41116.4 Consultations and Referrals 41216.5 Conclusion 413Suggested Reading 414Index 415