Jules Janick is the James Troop Distinguished Professor of Horticulture at Purdue University in West Lafayette, IN, USA.

• Contributors ixDedication: Philipp W. Simon xiiIrwin Goldman1. Circadian Regulation of Horticultural Traits: Integration of Environmental Signals 1Marcos Egea-Cortines, Fabiola Ruiz-Ramon, and Julia WeissI. Introduction 2II. General Structure of the Plant Circadian Clock 3III. Environmental Inputs 10IV. Control of Plant Growth and Morphogenesis 13V. Adaptation to Biotic and Abiotic Stress 29VI. Summary and Conclusions 33Acknowledgments 34Literature Cited 342. Response of Perennial Horticultural Crops to Climate Change 47D. Michael Glenn, Soo-Hyung Kim, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, and Peter LaderachI. Introduction 51II. Response of Perennial Horticultural Crops with Abiotic Factors Associated with Climate Change 54III. Case Studies 57IV. Adapation 91V. Future Research Needs 109Acknowledgments 112Literature Cited 1123. Nonchilling Physiological Rind Disorders in Citrus Fruit 131Lembe Samukelo Magwaza, Umezuruike Linus Opara, Paul J. R. Cronje, Sandra Landahl, Leon A. Terry, and Bart M. NicolayI. Introduction 133II. Citrus Rind Disorders 134III. Rind Anatomy and Histological Characteristics 143IV. Causes of Physiological Rind Disorders of Citrus Fruit 145V. Molecular and Physiological Basis of PhysiologicalRind Disorders 158VI. Techniques for Inducing Rind Disorders 161VII. Prospects for Future Research 162VIII. Conclusions 164Acknowledgments 166Literature Cited 1664. Fruit Splitting in Citrus 177Paul J. R. Cronje, Ockert P. J. Stander, and Karen I. TheronI. Introduction 179II. Physiology of Citrus Fruit Splitting 183III. Causes of Citrus Fruit Splitting 187IV. Reducing Citrus Fruit Splitting 191V. Conclusions 195Acknowledgments 197Literature Cited 1975. Postharvest Biology and Technology of Ber Fruit 201Sunil Pareek and Elhadi M. YahiaI. Introduction 203II. Fruit Composition and Nutritional Variability 208III. Physiological and Biochemical Changes During Maturation and Ripening 210IV. Preharvest Treatments to Extend Shelf Life 218V. Postharvest Handling and Technology 220VI. Postharvest Diseases and Disorders 227VII. Summary and Future Prospects 229Literature Cited 2316. Peach Texture 241Paul Sandefur, John R. Clark, and Cameron PeaceI. Introduction 243II. Fruit Texture 245III. Peach Texture 249IV. Peach Flesh Types 258V. Ripening and the Enzymatic Effects on Peach Texture 269VI. Production and Handling Effects on Peach Texture 276VII. Summary 285Literature Cited 2867. High-Density Olive Plantations 303Luis Rallo, Diego Barranco, Sergio Castro-Garcya, David J. Connor, Marya Gomez del Campo, and Pilar RalloI. Introduction: Olive Growing in a Time of Change 305II. Typologies of Olive Plantations 307III. Effects of Density on Plant Performance 318IV. Critical Factors for High-Density Orchards 325V. Orchard Establishment Costs, Management Costs, and Economical Indices 362VI. The Future 365Acknowledgments 370Literature Cited 3708. The Carob Tree: Botany, Horticulture, and Genetic Resources 385Joan Tous, Agusti Romero, and Ignasi BatlleI. Introduction 387II. Botany 395III. Horticulture 407IV. Variability and Genetic Resources 419V. Properties and Uses 434VI. Concluding Remarks 442Acknowledgments 445Literature Cited 4469. Snake Gourd and Pointed Gourd: Botany andHorticulture 457L. K. Bharathi, T. K. Behera, A. K. Sureja, K. Joseph John, and Todd C. WehnerI. Introduction 459II. The Genus Trichosantes 459III. Snake Gourd 467IV. Pointed Gourd 475V. Future Prospects 484Literature Cited 485Subject Index 497Cumulative Subject Index 499Cumulative Contributor Index 533

Jules Janick is the James Troop Distinguished Professor of Horticulture at Purdue University in West Lafayette, IN, USA.

• Contributors ixDedication: Philipp W. Simon xiiIrwin Goldman1. Circadian Regulation of Horticultural Traits: Integration of Environmental Signals 1Marcos Egea-Cortines, Fabiola Ruiz-Ramon, and Julia WeissI. Introduction 2II. General Structure of the Plant Circadian Clock 3III. Environmental Inputs 10IV. Control of Plant Growth and Morphogenesis 13V. Adaptation to Biotic and Abiotic Stress 29VI. Summary and Conclusions 33Acknowledgments 34Literature Cited 342. Response of Perennial Horticultural Crops to Climate Change 47D. Michael Glenn, Soo-Hyung Kim, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, and Peter LaderachI. Introduction 51II. Response of Perennial Horticultural Crops with Abiotic Factors Associated with Climate Change 54III. Case Studies 57IV. Adapation 91V. Future Research Needs 109Acknowledgments 112Literature Cited 1123. Nonchilling Physiological Rind Disorders in Citrus Fruit 131Lembe Samukelo Magwaza, Umezuruike Linus Opara, Paul J. R. Cronje, Sandra Landahl, Leon A. Terry, and Bart M. NicolayI. Introduction 133II. Citrus Rind Disorders 134III. Rind Anatomy and Histological Characteristics 143IV. Causes of Physiological Rind Disorders of Citrus Fruit 145V. Molecular and Physiological Basis of PhysiologicalRind Disorders 158VI. Techniques for Inducing Rind Disorders 161VII. Prospects for Future Research 162VIII. Conclusions 164Acknowledgments 166Literature Cited 1664. Fruit Splitting in Citrus 177Paul J. R. Cronje, Ockert P. J. Stander, and Karen I. TheronI. Introduction 179II. Physiology of Citrus Fruit Splitting 183III. Causes of Citrus Fruit Splitting 187IV. Reducing Citrus Fruit Splitting 191V. Conclusions 195Acknowledgments 197Literature Cited 1975. Postharvest Biology and Technology of Ber Fruit 201Sunil Pareek and Elhadi M. YahiaI. Introduction 203II. Fruit Composition and Nutritional Variability 208III. Physiological and Biochemical Changes During Maturation and Ripening 210IV. Preharvest Treatments to Extend Shelf Life 218V. Postharvest Handling and Technology 220VI. Postharvest Diseases and Disorders 227VII. Summary and Future Prospects 229Literature Cited 2316. Peach Texture 241Paul Sandefur, John R. Clark, and Cameron PeaceI. Introduction 243II. Fruit Texture 245III. Peach Texture 249IV. Peach Flesh Types 258V. Ripening and the Enzymatic Effects on Peach Texture 269VI. Production and Handling Effects on Peach Texture 276VII. Summary 285Literature Cited 2867. High-Density Olive Plantations 303Luis Rallo, Diego Barranco, Sergio Castro-Garcya, David J. Connor, Marya Gomez del Campo, and Pilar RalloI. Introduction: Olive Growing in a Time of Change 305II. Typologies of Olive Plantations 307III. Effects of Density on Plant Performance 318IV. Critical Factors for High-Density Orchards 325V. Orchard Establishment Costs, Management Costs, and Economical Indices 362VI. The Future 365Acknowledgments 370Literature Cited 3708. The Carob Tree: Botany, Horticulture, and Genetic Resources 385Joan Tous, Agusti Romero, and Ignasi BatlleI. Introduction 387II. Botany 395III. Horticulture 407IV. Variability and Genetic Resources 419V. Properties and Uses 434VI. Concluding Remarks 442Acknowledgments 445Literature Cited 4469. Snake Gourd and Pointed Gourd: Botany andHorticulture 457L. K. Bharathi, T. K. Behera, A. K. Sureja, K. Joseph John, and Todd C. WehnerI. Introduction 459II. The Genus Trichosantes 459III. Snake Gourd 467IV. Pointed Gourd 475V. Future Prospects 484Literature Cited 485Subject Index 497Cumulative Subject Index 499Cumulative Contributor Index 533