Jeff Goodwin is Professor of Sociology at New York University. He is the author of No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945-1991 (2001).James M. Jasper is Professor of Sociology at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. He has written many books, including The Animal Rights Crusade(1992) and The Art of Moral Protest (1997), and Getting Your Way (2006).Together they have edited two previous editions of The Social Movements Reader (2003, 2009) Passionate Politics (2001) and Contention in Context (2012).

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• List of Key Concepts and Chronologies viiiList of Activist Biographies ixPart I Introduction 11 Editors’ Introduction 3Jeff Goodwin and James M. JasperPart II When and Why Do Social Movements Occur? 92 The Women’s Movement 13Jo Freeman3 The Gay Liberation Movement 24John D’Emilio4 Occupy Wall Street 30Ruth Milkman, Stephanie Luce, and Penny Lewis5 The Egyptian Revolution 45Manuel CastellsPart III Who Joins or Supports Movements? 536 The Free-Rider Problem 59Mancur Olson7 Recruits to Civil Rights Activism 65Doug McAdam8 Who Are the Radical Islamists? 76Charles Kurzman9 Women’s Mobilization into the Salvadoran Guerrilla Army 83Jocelyn S. ViternaPart IV Who Remains in Movements, Who Drops Out, and Why? 10110 Generating Commitment among Students 105Eric L. Hirsch11 Sustaining Commitment among Radical Feminists 114Nancy Whittier12 True Believers and Charismatic Cults 126Janja Lalich13 Are Frames Enough? 136Charlotte Ryan and William A. Gamson14 The Emotional Benefits of Insurgency in El Salvador 143Elisabeth Jean Wood15 Classic Protest Songs: A List 153Part V How Are Movements Organized? 15516 Social Movement Organizations 159John D. McCarthy and Mayer N. Zald17 Transnational Environmental Activism 175Paul Wapner18 The Transnational Network for Democratic Globalization 184Jackie Smith19 Meeting Arenas 196Christoph HaugPart VI What Do Movements Do? 21320 Tactical Innovation in the Civil Rights Movement 219Aldon D. Morris21 Armed Struggle in the South African Anti-Apartheid Movement 224Gay Seidman22 Suicide Bombing 239Robert J. Brym23 Everyday Life, Routine Politics, and Protest 246Javier Auyero24 The Emotion Work of Movements 254Deborah B. Gould25 Tactical Repertoires: Same-Sex Weddings 266Verta Taylor, Katrina Kimport, Nella Van Dyke, and Ellen Ann AndersenPart VII How Do Movements Interact with Other Players? 28326 Farmworkers’ Movements in Changing Political Contexts 287J. Craig Jenkins and Charles Perrow27 Movements in the Media 302Edwin Amenta, Neal Caren, Sheera Joy Olasky, and James E. Stobaugh28 What Shapes the West’s Human Rights Focus? 317James Ron, Howard Ramos, and Kathleen Rodgers29 The Quest for International Allies 325Clifford Bob30 Global Corporations, Global Unions 335Stephen LernerPart VIII Why Do Movements Decline? 34331 The Decline of the Women’s Movement 347Barbara Epstein32 The Dilemmas of Identity Politics 354Joshua Gamson33 The Repression/Protest Paradox in Central America 363Charles D. Brockett34 Counterinsurgency 370Ian RoxboroughPart IX What Changes Do Movements Bring About? 37935 Defining Movement “Success” 383William A. Gamson36 How Social Movements Matter 386David S. Meyer37 Environmental Justice 391David Naguib Pellow and Robert J. Brulle38 Understanding Revolutions: The Arab Uprisings 398Jack A. Goldstone39 Why Nonviolence Sometimes Fails: China in 1989 405Sharon Erickson NepstadReferences for Part Introductions and Key Concepts 416Index 419