Sociolinguistic Styles

Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy is Professor in Sociolinguistics at the University of Murcia, Spain. His books include Style-Shifting in Public (with J.A. Cutillas-Espinosa, 2012), Diccionario de Sociolingüística (with P. Trudgill, 2007), Metodología de la Investigación Sociolingüística (with M. Almeida, 2005), and Geolingüística (1999). He is the Co-Editor with J.C. Conde-Silvestre of the Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012).

• List of Figures xList of Tables xivSeries Editor’s Preface xviAcknowledgements xviiIntroduction xviiiPart I The Concept and Nature of Style 11 The Concept of Style 31.1. Style in Rhetoric 31.1.1. Ancient Greece 41.1.2. The Roman world 71.1.3. The Middle Ages and modern times 101.2. Style in Stylistics and Semiotics 171.2.1. Textualists 191.2.2. Contextualists 241.2.3. Recent Developments 281.3. Style in Sociolinguistics 29Notes 312 The Nature of Style 332.1. The Linguistic Meaning of Style: Resources and Mechanisms 332.1.1. Style, Register and Diaphasic Variation 332.1.2. Style, Dialect and Accent 362.1.3. Style and Genre 392.1.4. Style, Register, Slang, Cant and Jargon 412.1.5. Stylistic Devices 432.1.6. Style and the Study of Language Change 492.2. The Social Meaning of Style: Motivations 512.2.1. Style and Identity 542.2.2. Style and Ideology 57Notes 61Part II Sociolinguistic Models of Style‐Shifting 633 Situation‐centered Approach: Attention Paid to Speech 653.1. Social Determinism and Positivism 653.1.1. Sociolinguistic Tenets 653.1.2. Sociolinguistic Patterns 693.2. The Formality Continuum 773.2.1. Casual Style 783.2.2. Formal Style 783.2.3. Passage Reading Style 783.2.4. Word List Style 793.2.5. Minimal Pairs Style 803.2.6. The Style Decision Tree 803.3. Audio‐monitoring: The Universal Factor 823.3.1. The Principle of Graded Style‐shifting 833.3.2. The Principle of Range of Variability 843.3.3. The Principle of Socio‐stylistic Differentiation 853.3.4. The Principle of Sociolinguistic Stratification 873.3.5. The Principle of Stylistic Variation 903.3.6. The Principle of Attention 903.3.7. The Vernacular Principle 903.3.8. The Principle of Formality 913.4. Limitations 91Notes 934 Audience‐centered Approach: Audience Design 954.1. Behaviorism and Social Psychological Theories 954.1.1. Language Attitudes 974.1.2. Social Identity Theory and the Linguistic Marketplace 994.1.3. Communication Accommodation Theory 1014.2. Bakhtin and Dialogism 1054.2.1. Centripetal and Centrifugal Language Forces 1054.2.2. Heteroglossia and Multiple Voicing 1074.2.3. Addressivity and Response 1084.3. The Style Axiom: Audienceship and Responsiveness 1094.3.1. Relational Activity 1164.3.2. Sociolinguistic Marker 1164.3.3. Responsiveness and Audienceship 1184.3.4. Linguistic Repertoire 1194.3.5. Style Axiom 1204.3.6. Accommodative Competence 1224.3.7. Discoursal Function 1234.3.8. Initiative Axis 1244.3.9. Referee Design 1254.3.10. Field and Object of Study 1264.4. Limitations 128Notes 1295 Context‐centered Approach: Functional Model 1315.1. The Context of Situation and Contextualism 1315.2. Systemic Functional Model of Language 1335.3. Polylectal Grammar 1345.4. The Register Axiom 1385.5. Limitations 143Notes 1446 Speaker‐centered Approach: Speaker Design 1466.1. Social Constructionism 1466.1.1. Phenomenology 1476.1.2. Relativism 1486.2. Social Constructionist Sociolinguistics: Persona Management 1486.2.1. Indexicality, Social Meaning and Enregisterment 1506.2.2. Agency 1576.2.3. Performativity, Stylization, and Identity Construction 1586.2.4. Stance 1736.2.5. Authenticity 1756.2.6. Hyperdialectism vs. Hypervernacularization 1796.2.7. Crossing 1816.3. Limitations 182Notes 1827 Conclusion 185Note 191References 192Index 221