Wittgenstein: Rules, Grammar and Necessity

G. P. Baker was a Fellow of St John's College, Oxford from 1967 until his death in 2002. P. M. S. Hacker is an Emeritus Research Fellow at St John’s College, Oxford, and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Kent at Canterbury.

• About the Authors ix Acknowledgements xIntroduction to Volume 2 xiiAbbreviations xviANALYTICAL COMMENTARY 1I Two fruits upon one tree 31. The continuation of the Early Draft into philosophy of mathematics 32. Hidden isomorphism 73. A common methodology 124. The flatness of philosophical grammar 19FOLLOWING A RULE §§185–242 23Introduction to the exegesis 25II Rules and grammar 411. The Tractatus and rules of logical syntax 412. From logical syntax to philosophical grammar 433. Rules and rule-formulations 464. Philosophy and grammar 555. The scope of grammar 596. Some morals 65Exegesis §§185–8 68III Accord with a rule 811. Initial compass bearings 812. Accord and the harmony between language and reality 833. Rules of inference and logical machinery 884. Formulations and explanations of rules by examples 905. Interpretations, fitting and grammar 936. Further misunderstandings 95Exegesis §§189–202 98IV Following rules, mastery of techniques, and practices 1351. Following a rule 1352. Practices and techniques 1403. Doing the right thing and doing the same thing 1454. Privacy and the community view 1495. On not digging below bedrock 156V Private linguists and ‘private linguists’ – Robinson Crusoe sails again 1571. Is a language necessarily shared with a community of speakers? 1572. Innate knowledge of a language 1583. Robinson Crusoe sails again 1604. Solitary cavemen and monologuists 1635. Private languages and ‘private languages’ 1656. Overview 166Exegesis §§203–37 169VI Agreement in definitions, judgements and forms of life 2111. The scaffolding of facts 2112. The role of our nature 2153. Forms of life 2184. Agreement: consensus of human beings and their actions 223Exegesis §§238–42 231VII Grammar and necessity 2411. Setting the stage 2412. Leitmotifs 2453. External guidelines 2584. Necessary propositions and norms of representation 2625. Concerning the truth and falsehood of necessary propositions 2706. What necessary truths are about 2807. Illusions of correspondence: ideal objects, kinds of reality and ultra-physics 2838. The psychology and epistemology of the a priori 289(i) Knowledge 289(ii) Belief 291(iii) Certainty 294(iv) Surprise 298(v) Discoveries and conjectures 300(vi) Compulsion 3059. Propositions of logic and laws of thought 30810. Alternative forms of representation 32011. The arbitrariness of grammar 33212. A kinship to the non-arbitrary 33813. Proof in mathematics 34514. Conventionalism 356Index 371