Akbar Ghaffarpour Rahbar is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at Sahand University of Technology, Iran. Dr. Rahbar is also a Senior IEEE member and is currently on the Editorial Board of the Wiley Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies journal, and editor-in-chief of Journal of Nonlinear Systems in Electrical Engineering. He has written numerous book chapters and papers on the subject. His research interests are optical networks, IPTV, VANET, Traffic management in high speed networks, Network Modeling and Analysis & Performance Evaluation.

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• List of Figures xix List of Tables xxxv Preface xxxvii References xli Acknowledgments xliii Acronyms xlv Glossary li List of Symbols liii 1 Introduction to Optical Packet Switched (OPS) Networks 1 1.1 Optical Fiber Technology 1 1.2 Why Optical Networks? 5 1.3 Optical Networking Mechanisms 7 1.4 Overview of OPS Networking 19 1.5 Optical OFDM based Elastic Optical Networking (EON) 44 1.6 Summary 55 References 57 2 Contention Avoidance in OPS Networks 67 2.1 Software based Contention Avoidance Schemes 68 2.2 Hardware based Schemes 121 2.3 Formulation of Even Traffic Transmission in Slotted OPS 128 2.4 Summary 141 References 143 3 Contention Resolution in OPS Networks 149 3.1 Hardware based Contention Resolution Schemes 150 3.2 Software based Contention Resolution Schemes 204 3.3 Summary 224 References 225 4 Hybrid Contention Avoidance/Resolution in OPS Networks 233 4.1 Hybrid Contention Resolution Schemes 234 4.2 Hybrid Contention Resolution and Avoidance Schemes 244 4.3 Summary 283 References 285 5 Hybrid OPS Networks 289 5.1 Hybrid Asynchronous and Synchronous OPS Networks 290 5.2 Hybrid OPS and OCS Networks 291 5.3 Comparison of Hybrid OPS Schemes 310 5.4 Summary 311 References 313 6 Metro OPS Networks 317 6.1 OPS in Star Topology 317 6.2 OPS in Ring Topology 372 6.3 Summary 382 References 383

Akbar Ghaffarpour Rahbar is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at Sahand University of Technology, Iran. Dr. Rahbar is also a Senior IEEE member and is currently on the Editorial Board of the Wiley Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies journal, and editor-in-chief of Journal of Nonlinear Systems in Electrical Engineering. He has written numerous book chapters and papers on the subject. His research interests are optical networks, IPTV, VANET, Traffic management in high speed networks, Network Modeling and Analysis & Performance Evaluation.

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• List of Figures xix List of Tables xxxv Preface xxxvii References xli Acknowledgments xliii Acronyms xlv Glossary li List of Symbols liii 1 Introduction to Optical Packet Switched (OPS) Networks 1 1.1 Optical Fiber Technology 1 1.2 Why Optical Networks? 5 1.3 Optical Networking Mechanisms 7 1.4 Overview of OPS Networking 19 1.5 Optical OFDM based Elastic Optical Networking (EON) 44 1.6 Summary 55 References 57 2 Contention Avoidance in OPS Networks 67 2.1 Software based Contention Avoidance Schemes 68 2.2 Hardware based Schemes 121 2.3 Formulation of Even Traffic Transmission in Slotted OPS 128 2.4 Summary 141 References 143 3 Contention Resolution in OPS Networks 149 3.1 Hardware based Contention Resolution Schemes 150 3.2 Software based Contention Resolution Schemes 204 3.3 Summary 224 References 225 4 Hybrid Contention Avoidance/Resolution in OPS Networks 233 4.1 Hybrid Contention Resolution Schemes 234 4.2 Hybrid Contention Resolution and Avoidance Schemes 244 4.3 Summary 283 References 285 5 Hybrid OPS Networks 289 5.1 Hybrid Asynchronous and Synchronous OPS Networks 290 5.2 Hybrid OPS and OCS Networks 291 5.3 Comparison of Hybrid OPS Schemes 310 5.4 Summary 311 References 313 6 Metro OPS Networks 317 6.1 OPS in Star Topology 317 6.2 OPS in Ring Topology 372 6.3 Summary 382 References 383

Akbar Ghaffarpour Rahbar is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at Sahand University of Technology, Iran. Dr. Rahbar is also a Senior IEEE member and is currently on the Editorial Board of the Wiley Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies journal, and editor-in-chief of Journal of Nonlinear Systems in Electrical Engineering. He has written numerous book chapters and papers on the subject. His research interests are optical networks, IPTV, VANET, Traffic management in high speed networks, Network Modeling and Analysis & Performance Evaluation.

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• List of Figures xix List of Tables xxxv Preface xxxvii References xli Acknowledgments xliii Acronyms xlv Glossary li List of Symbols liii 1 Introduction to Optical Packet Switched (OPS) Networks 1 1.1 Optical Fiber Technology 1 1.2 Why Optical Networks? 5 1.3 Optical Networking Mechanisms 7 1.4 Overview of OPS Networking 19 1.5 Optical OFDM based Elastic Optical Networking (EON) 44 1.6 Summary 55 References 57 2 Contention Avoidance in OPS Networks 67 2.1 Software based Contention Avoidance Schemes 68 2.2 Hardware based Schemes 121 2.3 Formulation of Even Traffic Transmission in Slotted OPS 128 2.4 Summary 141 References 143 3 Contention Resolution in OPS Networks 149 3.1 Hardware based Contention Resolution Schemes 150 3.2 Software based Contention Resolution Schemes 204 3.3 Summary 224 References 225 4 Hybrid Contention Avoidance/Resolution in OPS Networks 233 4.1 Hybrid Contention Resolution Schemes 234 4.2 Hybrid Contention Resolution and Avoidance Schemes 244 4.3 Summary 283 References 285 5 Hybrid OPS Networks 289 5.1 Hybrid Asynchronous and Synchronous OPS Networks 290 5.2 Hybrid OPS and OCS Networks 291 5.3 Comparison of Hybrid OPS Schemes 310 5.4 Summary 311 References 313 6 Metro OPS Networks 317 6.1 OPS in Star Topology 317 6.2 OPS in Ring Topology 372 6.3 Summary 382 References 383