Dr. Oliver Holland is Research Fellow at the Centre for Telecommunications Research at King's College London, United Kingdom. Prof. Hanna Bogucka is Professor at the Chair of Wireless Communications at Poznan University of Technology, Poland. Dr. Arturas Medeisis is Associate Professor and Chair of the Telecommunications Engineering Department at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania.

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• LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xiINTRODUCTION xvOliver Holland, Hanna Bogucka, and Arturas MedeisisACRONYMS xxiiiPART I FLEXIBLE RADIO HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PLATFORMS SUPPORTING SPECTRUM SHARING 11 The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) Family of Low-Cost SDRs 3Matt Ettus and Martin Braun2 On the GNU Radio Ecosystem 25Thomas W. Rondeau3 Wireless Open-Access Research Platform (WARP) for Flexible Radio 49Junaid Ansari and Petri Mähönen4 A Dynamically Reconfigurable Software Radio Framework: Iris 81Paul Sutton5 OpenAirInterface and ExpressMIMO2 for Spectrally Agile Communication 99Bassem Zayen, Florian Kaltenberger, and Raymond Knopp6 CORAL Cognitive WiFi Networking System: Case Studies of Rural Applications in India 123John SydorPART II PRACTICAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING SPECTRUM SHARING 1417 Cooperative Sensing of Spectrum Opportunities 143Giuseppe Caso, Luca De Nardis, Ragnar Thobaben, and Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto8 A Machine-Learning Approach Based on Bio-Inspired Intelligence 167Dimitrios Karvounas, Aimilia Bantouna, Andreas Georgakopoulos, Kostas Tsagkaris, Vera Stavroulaki, and Panagiotis Demestichas9 Spectrally Agile Waveforms 191Alexander M. Wyglinski, Adrian Kliks, Pawel Kryszkiewicz, Amit P. Sail, and Hanna Bogucka10 Aggregation of Spectrum Opportunities 221Florian Kaltenberger, Theodoros A. Tsiftsis, Fotis Foukalas, Shuyu Ping, and Oliver Holland11 Policies for Efficient Spectrum Sharing 239Liljana Gavrilovska, Vladimir Atanasovski, and Gianmarco BaldiniPARTIII REGULATORY SOLUTIONS FOR SPECTRUM SHARING 25712 International Regulatory Framework for Spectrum and Spectrum Sharing 259Peter Anker13 Regulations for Spectrum Sharing in the USA 277Lee Pucker14 UK Framework for Access to TV White Spaces 313Hamid Reza Karimi15 Spectrum Sharing Using Geo-Location Databases 339Jeffrey C. Schmidt and Peter Stanforth16 Novel Licensing Schemes 369Oliver Holland, Arturo Basaure, and Wataru YamadaPARTIV SPECTRUM SHARING BUSINESS SCENARIOS AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 39117 Economic and Game Theoretic Models for Spectrum Sharing 393Hamed Ahmadi, Irene Macaluso, Zaheer Khan, Hanna Bogucka, and Luiz A. DaSilva18 Business Benefits of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) for Key Stakeholders 407Marja Matinmikko, Hanna Okkonen, Seppo Yrjölä, Petri Ahokangas, Miia Mustonen, Marko Palola, Vânia Gonçalves, Anri Kivimäki, Esko Luttinen, and Jukka Kemppainen19 Initial Standardization of Disruptive Innovations in Radiocommunication Technology in Consortia 425Dirk-Oliver von der Emden20 Spectrum as a Platform: a Critical Assessment of the Value Promise of Spectrum Sharing Solutions 453Olivier Rits, Simon Delaere, and Pieter BallonPART V SPECTRUM SHARING DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOS IN PRACTICE 47921 TV White Spaces with Geo-Location Database Access: Practical Considerations and Trials in Europe 481Rogério Dionísio, José Ribeiro, Jorge Ribeiro, Paulo Marques, and Jonathan Rodriguez22 Developments and Practical Field Trials of TVWS Technologies 513Kentaro Ishizu, Keiichi Mizutani, Takeshi Matsumura, Ha-Nguyen Tran, Stanislav Filin, Hirokazu Sawada, and Hiroshi Harada23 Cognitive Wireless Regional Area Network Standard 551Apurva Mody, Gerald Chouinard, Stephen J. Shellhammer, Monisha Ghosh, and Dave Cavalcanti24 ETSI Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing Technology for (TV) White Spaces 605Markus Dominik Mueck, Naotaka Sato, Chen Sun, Martino Freda, Pekka Ojanen, Dong Zhou, Junfeng Xiao, Rogério Pais Dionisio, and Paulo Marques25 The IEEE Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks Standards Committee (DySPAN-SC) and IEEE 1900 Working Groups 631Oliver Holland, Hiroshi Harada, Ha-Nguyen Tran, Bernd Bochow, Masayuki Ariyoshi, Matthew Sherman, Michael Gundlach, Stanislav Filin, and Adrian Kliks26 Spectrum to Unlash Machine-to-Machine Uptake 649Mischa Dohler and Yue GaoCONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 679Oliver Holland, Hanna Bogucka, and Arturas MedeisisINDEX 689

Dr. Oliver Holland is Research Fellow at the Centre for Telecommunications Research at King's College London, United Kingdom. Prof. Hanna Bogucka is Professor at the Chair of Wireless Communications at Poznan University of Technology, Poland. Dr. Arturas Medeisis is Associate Professor and Chair of the Telecommunications Engineering Department at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania.

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• LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xiINTRODUCTION xvOliver Holland, Hanna Bogucka, and Arturas MedeisisACRONYMS xxiiiPART I FLEXIBLE RADIO HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PLATFORMS SUPPORTING SPECTRUM SHARING 11 The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) Family of Low-Cost SDRs 3Matt Ettus and Martin Braun2 On the GNU Radio Ecosystem 25Thomas W. Rondeau3 Wireless Open-Access Research Platform (WARP) for Flexible Radio 49Junaid Ansari and Petri Mähönen4 A Dynamically Reconfigurable Software Radio Framework: Iris 81Paul Sutton5 OpenAirInterface and ExpressMIMO2 for Spectrally Agile Communication 99Bassem Zayen, Florian Kaltenberger, and Raymond Knopp6 CORAL Cognitive WiFi Networking System: Case Studies of Rural Applications in India 123John SydorPART II PRACTICAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING SPECTRUM SHARING 1417 Cooperative Sensing of Spectrum Opportunities 143Giuseppe Caso, Luca De Nardis, Ragnar Thobaben, and Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto8 A Machine-Learning Approach Based on Bio-Inspired Intelligence 167Dimitrios Karvounas, Aimilia Bantouna, Andreas Georgakopoulos, Kostas Tsagkaris, Vera Stavroulaki, and Panagiotis Demestichas9 Spectrally Agile Waveforms 191Alexander M. Wyglinski, Adrian Kliks, Pawel Kryszkiewicz, Amit P. Sail, and Hanna Bogucka10 Aggregation of Spectrum Opportunities 221Florian Kaltenberger, Theodoros A. Tsiftsis, Fotis Foukalas, Shuyu Ping, and Oliver Holland11 Policies for Efficient Spectrum Sharing 239Liljana Gavrilovska, Vladimir Atanasovski, and Gianmarco BaldiniPARTIII REGULATORY SOLUTIONS FOR SPECTRUM SHARING 25712 International Regulatory Framework for Spectrum and Spectrum Sharing 259Peter Anker13 Regulations for Spectrum Sharing in the USA 277Lee Pucker14 UK Framework for Access to TV White Spaces 313Hamid Reza Karimi15 Spectrum Sharing Using Geo-Location Databases 339Jeffrey C. Schmidt and Peter Stanforth16 Novel Licensing Schemes 369Oliver Holland, Arturo Basaure, and Wataru YamadaPARTIV SPECTRUM SHARING BUSINESS SCENARIOS AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 39117 Economic and Game Theoretic Models for Spectrum Sharing 393Hamed Ahmadi, Irene Macaluso, Zaheer Khan, Hanna Bogucka, and Luiz A. DaSilva18 Business Benefits of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) for Key Stakeholders 407Marja Matinmikko, Hanna Okkonen, Seppo Yrjölä, Petri Ahokangas, Miia Mustonen, Marko Palola, Vânia Gonçalves, Anri Kivimäki, Esko Luttinen, and Jukka Kemppainen19 Initial Standardization of Disruptive Innovations in Radiocommunication Technology in Consortia 425Dirk-Oliver von der Emden20 Spectrum as a Platform: a Critical Assessment of the Value Promise of Spectrum Sharing Solutions 453Olivier Rits, Simon Delaere, and Pieter BallonPART V SPECTRUM SHARING DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOS IN PRACTICE 47921 TV White Spaces with Geo-Location Database Access: Practical Considerations and Trials in Europe 481Rogério Dionísio, José Ribeiro, Jorge Ribeiro, Paulo Marques, and Jonathan Rodriguez22 Developments and Practical Field Trials of TVWS Technologies 513Kentaro Ishizu, Keiichi Mizutani, Takeshi Matsumura, Ha-Nguyen Tran, Stanislav Filin, Hirokazu Sawada, and Hiroshi Harada23 Cognitive Wireless Regional Area Network Standard 551Apurva Mody, Gerald Chouinard, Stephen J. Shellhammer, Monisha Ghosh, and Dave Cavalcanti24 ETSI Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing Technology for (TV) White Spaces 605Markus Dominik Mueck, Naotaka Sato, Chen Sun, Martino Freda, Pekka Ojanen, Dong Zhou, Junfeng Xiao, Rogério Pais Dionisio, and Paulo Marques25 The IEEE Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks Standards Committee (DySPAN-SC) and IEEE 1900 Working Groups 631Oliver Holland, Hiroshi Harada, Ha-Nguyen Tran, Bernd Bochow, Masayuki Ariyoshi, Matthew Sherman, Michael Gundlach, Stanislav Filin, and Adrian Kliks26 Spectrum to Unlash Machine-to-Machine Uptake 649Mischa Dohler and Yue GaoCONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 679Oliver Holland, Hanna Bogucka, and Arturas MedeisisINDEX 689

Dr. Oliver Holland is Research Fellow at the Centre for Telecommunications Research at King's College London, United Kingdom. Prof. Hanna Bogucka is Professor at the Chair of Wireless Communications at Poznan University of Technology, Poland. Dr. Arturas Medeisis is Associate Professor and Chair of the Telecommunications Engineering Department at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania.

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• LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xiINTRODUCTION xvOliver Holland, Hanna Bogucka, and Arturas MedeisisACRONYMS xxiiiPART I FLEXIBLE RADIO HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PLATFORMS SUPPORTING SPECTRUM SHARING 11 The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) Family of Low-Cost SDRs 3Matt Ettus and Martin Braun2 On the GNU Radio Ecosystem 25Thomas W. Rondeau3 Wireless Open-Access Research Platform (WARP) for Flexible Radio 49Junaid Ansari and Petri Mähönen4 A Dynamically Reconfigurable Software Radio Framework: Iris 81Paul Sutton5 OpenAirInterface and ExpressMIMO2 for Spectrally Agile Communication 99Bassem Zayen, Florian Kaltenberger, and Raymond Knopp6 CORAL Cognitive WiFi Networking System: Case Studies of Rural Applications in India 123John SydorPART II PRACTICAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING SPECTRUM SHARING 1417 Cooperative Sensing of Spectrum Opportunities 143Giuseppe Caso, Luca De Nardis, Ragnar Thobaben, and Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto8 A Machine-Learning Approach Based on Bio-Inspired Intelligence 167Dimitrios Karvounas, Aimilia Bantouna, Andreas Georgakopoulos, Kostas Tsagkaris, Vera Stavroulaki, and Panagiotis Demestichas9 Spectrally Agile Waveforms 191Alexander M. Wyglinski, Adrian Kliks, Pawel Kryszkiewicz, Amit P. Sail, and Hanna Bogucka10 Aggregation of Spectrum Opportunities 221Florian Kaltenberger, Theodoros A. Tsiftsis, Fotis Foukalas, Shuyu Ping, and Oliver Holland11 Policies for Efficient Spectrum Sharing 239Liljana Gavrilovska, Vladimir Atanasovski, and Gianmarco BaldiniPARTIII REGULATORY SOLUTIONS FOR SPECTRUM SHARING 25712 International Regulatory Framework for Spectrum and Spectrum Sharing 259Peter Anker13 Regulations for Spectrum Sharing in the USA 277Lee Pucker14 UK Framework for Access to TV White Spaces 313Hamid Reza Karimi15 Spectrum Sharing Using Geo-Location Databases 339Jeffrey C. Schmidt and Peter Stanforth16 Novel Licensing Schemes 369Oliver Holland, Arturo Basaure, and Wataru YamadaPARTIV SPECTRUM SHARING BUSINESS SCENARIOS AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 39117 Economic and Game Theoretic Models for Spectrum Sharing 393Hamed Ahmadi, Irene Macaluso, Zaheer Khan, Hanna Bogucka, and Luiz A. DaSilva18 Business Benefits of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) for Key Stakeholders 407Marja Matinmikko, Hanna Okkonen, Seppo Yrjölä, Petri Ahokangas, Miia Mustonen, Marko Palola, Vânia Gonçalves, Anri Kivimäki, Esko Luttinen, and Jukka Kemppainen19 Initial Standardization of Disruptive Innovations in Radiocommunication Technology in Consortia 425Dirk-Oliver von der Emden20 Spectrum as a Platform: a Critical Assessment of the Value Promise of Spectrum Sharing Solutions 453Olivier Rits, Simon Delaere, and Pieter BallonPART V SPECTRUM SHARING DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOS IN PRACTICE 47921 TV White Spaces with Geo-Location Database Access: Practical Considerations and Trials in Europe 481Rogério Dionísio, José Ribeiro, Jorge Ribeiro, Paulo Marques, and Jonathan Rodriguez22 Developments and Practical Field Trials of TVWS Technologies 513Kentaro Ishizu, Keiichi Mizutani, Takeshi Matsumura, Ha-Nguyen Tran, Stanislav Filin, Hirokazu Sawada, and Hiroshi Harada23 Cognitive Wireless Regional Area Network Standard 551Apurva Mody, Gerald Chouinard, Stephen J. Shellhammer, Monisha Ghosh, and Dave Cavalcanti24 ETSI Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing Technology for (TV) White Spaces 605Markus Dominik Mueck, Naotaka Sato, Chen Sun, Martino Freda, Pekka Ojanen, Dong Zhou, Junfeng Xiao, Rogério Pais Dionisio, and Paulo Marques25 The IEEE Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks Standards Committee (DySPAN-SC) and IEEE 1900 Working Groups 631Oliver Holland, Hiroshi Harada, Ha-Nguyen Tran, Bernd Bochow, Masayuki Ariyoshi, Matthew Sherman, Michael Gundlach, Stanislav Filin, and Adrian Kliks26 Spectrum to Unlash Machine-to-Machine Uptake 649Mischa Dohler and Yue GaoCONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 679Oliver Holland, Hanna Bogucka, and Arturas MedeisisINDEX 689