Dr Stephen J. Boyes, Defence Science and Technology Laboratories, UKStephen Boyes is a Principal RF Engineer at security services department at the Defence Science and Technology Laboratories.Dr Yi Huang, University of Liverpool, UKYi Huang received the BSc in Physics from Wuhan University and a MSc in RF/Microwave engineering from Nanjing, China in 1984 and 1987 respectively, and a DPhil in Communications and Electromagnetics from the University of Oxford in 1993. He joined the University of Liverpool in 1995.

• About the Authors viiiAcknowledgements x1 Introduction 11.1 Background 11.2 This Book 3References 52 Reverberation Chamber Cavity Theory 72.1 Introduction 72.2 Cavity Modes and Electromagnetic Fields 82.3 Mode Stirring Techniques 172.4 Plane Wave Angle of Arrival 212.5 Average Mode Bandwidths 242.6 Chamber Quality (Q) Factor 262.7 Statistical Forms 302.8 Line of Sight Elements 442.9 Reverberation Chamber as a Radio Propagation Channel 52References 563 Mechanical Stirrer Designs and Chamber Performance Evaluation 583.1 Introduction 583.2 Paddle Design Methodology 613.3 Numerical Analysis 633.4 Comments on Practical Validation 783.5 Measurement Parameters for Validation 803.6 Measurement Results 813.7 Summary 92References 924 EMC Measurements inside Reverberation Chambers 944.1 Introduction to EMC 954.2 EMC Standards 984.3 EMC Measurements and Tests 1014.4 EMC Measurements Inside Reverberation Chambers 1034.5 Comparison of Reverberation Chamber and OtherMeasurement Facilities for EMC Measurements 1234.6 Conclusions 127Acknowledgements 127References 1275 Single Port Antenna Measurements 1295.1 Introduction 1305.2 Definitions and Proof: Antenna Efficiency 1315.3 Definitions: Textile Antennas 1345.4 Measurement Procedures 1345.5 Free Space Measurement Investigation 1385.6 On‐Body Antenna Measurements 1455.7 Theoretical and Simulated Evidence 1615.8 Measurement Uncertainty 1635.9 Summary 166References 1676 Multiport and Array Antennas 1696.1 Introduction 1696.2 Multi‐port Antennas for MIMO Applications 1716.3 Measurement Parameters 1746.4 Diversity Gain from Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDF) 1756.5 Diversity from Correlation 1806.6 Channel Capacity 1856.7 Embedded Element Efficiency 1866.8 Definitions: Conventional Array Antenna Measurements 1916.9 Measurement Parameters 1926.10 Deduction of Characterisation Equation 1946.11 Measurement Results 1966.12 Measurement Uncertainty 2006.13 Summary 200References 2017 Further Applications and Developments 2037.1 Shielding Effectiveness Measurements 2037.2 Antenna Radiation Efficiency Measurements without a Reference Antenna 2097.3 Antenna Diversity Gain Measurements without a Reference Antenna 2137.4 Wireless Device and System Evaluation 2147.5 Other Reverberation Chambers and the Future 2167.6 Summary 218References 218Appendix A: Deduction of Independent Samples 220Appendix B: Multivariate Normality Test for SIMO Channels 225Appendix C: Surface Current Nature 230Appendix D: BS EN 61000‐4‐21 Standard Deviation Results 235Index 240

Dr Stephen J. Boyes, Defence Science and Technology Laboratories, UKStephen Boyes is a Principal RF Engineer at security services department at the Defence Science and Technology Laboratories.Dr Yi Huang, University of Liverpool, UKYi Huang received the BSc in Physics from Wuhan University and a MSc in RF/Microwave engineering from Nanjing, China in 1984 and 1987 respectively, and a DPhil in Communications and Electromagnetics from the University of Oxford in 1993. He joined the University of Liverpool in 1995.

• About the Authors viiiAcknowledgements x1 Introduction 11.1 Background 11.2 This Book 3References 52 Reverberation Chamber Cavity Theory 72.1 Introduction 72.2 Cavity Modes and Electromagnetic Fields 82.3 Mode Stirring Techniques 172.4 Plane Wave Angle of Arrival 212.5 Average Mode Bandwidths 242.6 Chamber Quality (Q) Factor 262.7 Statistical Forms 302.8 Line of Sight Elements 442.9 Reverberation Chamber as a Radio Propagation Channel 52References 563 Mechanical Stirrer Designs and Chamber Performance Evaluation 583.1 Introduction 583.2 Paddle Design Methodology 613.3 Numerical Analysis 633.4 Comments on Practical Validation 783.5 Measurement Parameters for Validation 803.6 Measurement Results 813.7 Summary 92References 924 EMC Measurements inside Reverberation Chambers 944.1 Introduction to EMC 954.2 EMC Standards 984.3 EMC Measurements and Tests 1014.4 EMC Measurements Inside Reverberation Chambers 1034.5 Comparison of Reverberation Chamber and OtherMeasurement Facilities for EMC Measurements 1234.6 Conclusions 127Acknowledgements 127References 1275 Single Port Antenna Measurements 1295.1 Introduction 1305.2 Definitions and Proof: Antenna Efficiency 1315.3 Definitions: Textile Antennas 1345.4 Measurement Procedures 1345.5 Free Space Measurement Investigation 1385.6 On‐Body Antenna Measurements 1455.7 Theoretical and Simulated Evidence 1615.8 Measurement Uncertainty 1635.9 Summary 166References 1676 Multiport and Array Antennas 1696.1 Introduction 1696.2 Multi‐port Antennas for MIMO Applications 1716.3 Measurement Parameters 1746.4 Diversity Gain from Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDF) 1756.5 Diversity from Correlation 1806.6 Channel Capacity 1856.7 Embedded Element Efficiency 1866.8 Definitions: Conventional Array Antenna Measurements 1916.9 Measurement Parameters 1926.10 Deduction of Characterisation Equation 1946.11 Measurement Results 1966.12 Measurement Uncertainty 2006.13 Summary 200References 2017 Further Applications and Developments 2037.1 Shielding Effectiveness Measurements 2037.2 Antenna Radiation Efficiency Measurements without a Reference Antenna 2097.3 Antenna Diversity Gain Measurements without a Reference Antenna 2137.4 Wireless Device and System Evaluation 2147.5 Other Reverberation Chambers and the Future 2167.6 Summary 218References 218Appendix A: Deduction of Independent Samples 220Appendix B: Multivariate Normality Test for SIMO Channels 225Appendix C: Surface Current Nature 230Appendix D: BS EN 61000‐4‐21 Standard Deviation Results 235Index 240

Dr Stephen J. Boyes, Defence Science and Technology Laboratories, UKStephen Boyes is a Principal RF Engineer at security services department at the Defence Science and Technology Laboratories.Dr Yi Huang, University of Liverpool, UKYi Huang received the BSc in Physics from Wuhan University and a MSc in RF/Microwave engineering from Nanjing, China in 1984 and 1987 respectively, and a DPhil in Communications and Electromagnetics from the University of Oxford in 1993. He joined the University of Liverpool in 1995.

• About the Authors viiiAcknowledgements x1 Introduction 11.1 Background 11.2 This Book 3References 52 Reverberation Chamber Cavity Theory 72.1 Introduction 72.2 Cavity Modes and Electromagnetic Fields 82.3 Mode Stirring Techniques 172.4 Plane Wave Angle of Arrival 212.5 Average Mode Bandwidths 242.6 Chamber Quality (Q) Factor 262.7 Statistical Forms 302.8 Line of Sight Elements 442.9 Reverberation Chamber as a Radio Propagation Channel 52References 563 Mechanical Stirrer Designs and Chamber Performance Evaluation 583.1 Introduction 583.2 Paddle Design Methodology 613.3 Numerical Analysis 633.4 Comments on Practical Validation 783.5 Measurement Parameters for Validation 803.6 Measurement Results 813.7 Summary 92References 924 EMC Measurements inside Reverberation Chambers 944.1 Introduction to EMC 954.2 EMC Standards 984.3 EMC Measurements and Tests 1014.4 EMC Measurements Inside Reverberation Chambers 1034.5 Comparison of Reverberation Chamber and OtherMeasurement Facilities for EMC Measurements 1234.6 Conclusions 127Acknowledgements 127References 1275 Single Port Antenna Measurements 1295.1 Introduction 1305.2 Definitions and Proof: Antenna Efficiency 1315.3 Definitions: Textile Antennas 1345.4 Measurement Procedures 1345.5 Free Space Measurement Investigation 1385.6 On‐Body Antenna Measurements 1455.7 Theoretical and Simulated Evidence 1615.8 Measurement Uncertainty 1635.9 Summary 166References 1676 Multiport and Array Antennas 1696.1 Introduction 1696.2 Multi‐port Antennas for MIMO Applications 1716.3 Measurement Parameters 1746.4 Diversity Gain from Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDF) 1756.5 Diversity from Correlation 1806.6 Channel Capacity 1856.7 Embedded Element Efficiency 1866.8 Definitions: Conventional Array Antenna Measurements 1916.9 Measurement Parameters 1926.10 Deduction of Characterisation Equation 1946.11 Measurement Results 1966.12 Measurement Uncertainty 2006.13 Summary 200References 2017 Further Applications and Developments 2037.1 Shielding Effectiveness Measurements 2037.2 Antenna Radiation Efficiency Measurements without a Reference Antenna 2097.3 Antenna Diversity Gain Measurements without a Reference Antenna 2137.4 Wireless Device and System Evaluation 2147.5 Other Reverberation Chambers and the Future 2167.6 Summary 218References 218Appendix A: Deduction of Independent Samples 220Appendix B: Multivariate Normality Test for SIMO Channels 225Appendix C: Surface Current Nature 230Appendix D: BS EN 61000‐4‐21 Standard Deviation Results 235Index 240