New Silurian (Llandovery, Telychian) Sponge Assemblage from Gotland, Sweden

Häftad, Engelska, 2014

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Beskrivning

A newly discovered, diverse sponge fauna of early Silurian age, is described from Gotland, Sweden. This is the first Silurian sponge assemblage known from Baltica, and the only diverse Llandoverian assemblage known worldwide. The fauna includes 20 genera and 29 species, of which three genera and six species are new. Eighteen species are new to Baltica. The fauna shows strong similarities to later Silurian assemblages in Arctic Canada, but one endemic species comprises ca. 50% of the fauna. The fauna shows that lithistid sponges recovered well from the late Ordovician extinction in some areas, and became widely spread in the early Silurian. In contrast, non-lithistid sponges like, such as hexactinellids, appear to have evolved rapidly during the Late Ordovician – early Silurian interval, and some modern groups probably originated in inshore habitats.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2014-02-14
Mått:208 x 274 x 4 mm
Vikt:284 g
Format:Häftad
Språk:Engelska
Serie:Fossils and Strata Monograph Series
Antal sidor:88
Förlag:John Wiley and Sons Ltd
ISBN:9781118906620

Utforska kategorier

Geovetenskap inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Mer om författaren

Freek Rhebergen and Joseph Botting are the authors of A New Silurian (Llandovery, Telychian) Sponge Assemblage from Gotland, Sweden, published by Wiley.

Innehållsförteckning

Introduction 1 Institutional abbreviations 3Geological setting 3Material, methods, terminology 6Systematic palaeontology 8Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836 8Class Demospongea Sollas, 1875 8Order Orchocladina Rauff , 1895 8Family Anthaspidellida Miller, 1889 8Genus Archaeoscyphia Hinde, 1889 8Archaeoscyphia minganensis Billings, 1859 8Archaeoscyphia annulata Rigby, 1973 12Archaeoscyphia gislei de Freitas, 1989 14Archaeoscyphia rectilinearis de Freitas, 1989 16Archaeoscyphia aulocopiformis de Freitas, 1989 18Archaeoscyphia scalaria de Freitas, 1989 19Archaeoscyphia attenuata de Freitas, 1989 21Genus Finksella Rigby & Dixon, 1979 22Finksella turbinata Rigby & Dixon, 1979 22Genus Calycocoelia Bassler, 1927 24Calycocoelia typicalis Bassler, 1927 24Genus Climacospongia Hinde, 1884 25Climacospongia undulata de Freitas, 1991 26Genus Multistella Finks, 1960 28Multistella leipnitzae nsp 29Genus Somersetella Rigby & Dixon, 1979 32Somersetella amplia Rigby & Chatterton, 1989 32Somersetella digitata Rigby & Dixon, 1979 34Family Streptosolenidae Johns, 1994 35Genus Postperissocoelia ngen 35Postperissocoelia gnisvardensis nsp 36Family Chiastoclonellidae Rauff , 1895 38Genus Chiastoclonella Rauff , 1895 39Chiastoclonella spRauff , 1895 39Subclass Tetractinomorpha Lévi, 1953 39Order Streptosclerophorida Dendy, 1924 39Suborder Eutaxicladina Rauff , 1894 39Family Hindiidae Rauff , 1893 39Genus Hindia Duncan, 1879 40Hindia sphaeroidalis Duncan, 1879 40Suborder Sphaerocladina Schrammen, 1910 42Family Astylospongiidae Zittel, 1877 42Genus Caryoconus Rhebergen & van Kempen, 2002 42Caryoconus gothlandicus (Schlüter, 1884) 42Genus Lindstroemispongia ngen 45Lindstroemispongia cylindrata nsp 47Order Spirosclerophorida Reid, 1963 48Suborder Rhizomorina Zittel, 1878a 48Family Haplistiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 48Genus Haplistion Young & Young, 1877 48Haplistion minutum Rigby & Dixon, 1979 50Haplistion cylindricum Rigby & Dixon, 1979 52Haplistion toftanum nsp 54Haplistion spYoung & Young, 1877 57Genus Warrigalia Rigby & Webby, 1988 59Warrigalia robusta Rigby & Webby, 1988 59Rhizomorina indet 62Subclass Tetractininellida? Marshall, 1876 62Order Hadromerida? Topsent, 1898 63Family uncertain 63Genus Opetionella von Zittel, 1878 63Opetionella incompta nsp 63Class Hexactinellida Schmidt, 1870 65Order Lyssacinosida? von Zittel, 1877 65Family uncertain 65Genus Urphaenomenospongia ngen 65Urphaenomenospongia euplectelloides nsp 66Lyssacinosida? indet 69Order and family uncertain 71Hexactinellid indetA 71Hexactinellid indetB 71Spiculite 72Class Stromatoporoidea Stearn, Webby, Nestor & Stock, 1999 74Order Labechiida Kühn, 1927 74Family Stylostromatidae Webby, 1993 74Genus Pachystylostroma Nestor, 1964 74Pachystylostroma sp 74Order Clathrodictyida Bogoyavlenskaya, 1969 76Family Clathrodictyidae Kühn, 1939 76Genus Clathrodictyon Nicholson & Murie, 1878 76Clathrodictyon sp 76Order Stromatoporida Stearn, 1980 76Family Syringostromellidae Stearn, 1980 76Genus Syringostromella Nestor, 1966 76Syringostromella sp 76Order Amphiporida Rukhin, 1938 76Family Amphiporidae Rukhin, 1938 76Genus Amphipora Schulz, 1883 76Amphipora sp 76Palaeobiogeography and community evolution 77Taphonomy 80Palaeoecology and palaeoenvironmental interpretation 80Conclusions 83Acknowledgements 83References 83