A comprehensive and evidence-based guide to understanding ADHD and its treatment ADHD remains one of the most widely misunderstood neurodevelopmental disorders, with debates surrounding its diagnosis, causes, and treatment continuing to evolve. The Science of ADHD provides a clear, balanced, and up-to-date exploration of this complex condition. With an accessible narrative style, author Chris Chandler expertly navigates the latest research to present an objective look at ADHD's neuroscience, genetics, psychological theories, and treatment approaches.The fully revised second edition reflects the latest advancements in the field, including updated diagnostic criteria and a nuanced discussion of ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder. New and expanded chapters address the impact of non-pharmacological treatments, ADHD's association with addiction, ongoing challenges in ADHD research, the broader implications of neurodiversity, and more. Throughout this edition, engaging discussions of genetics, neuroscience, and psychology enable readers to develop a deeper understanding of ADHD and its implications.Empowering readers with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions, The Science of ADHD: Discusses emerging research, treatment innovations, and ongoing questions in ADHD scienceBalances academic depth with readability, making complex concepts approachable for non-specialists and professionals alikeOffers actionable insights for educators, clinicians, and parents to better support individuals with ADHDCovers pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and emerging treatment options, alongside critiques of current approachesFeatures real-life insights and experiences shared by individuals with ADHD and their family membersIncludes a glossary and a well-organized layout to help readers navigate scientific terms and concepts effectivelyBridging the gap between cutting-edge science and everyday experience, The Science of ADHD, Second Edition, is ideal for undergraduate and postgraduate psychology and neuroscience courses focusing on developmental disorders or psychobiology. It is also a valuable reference for clinicians, educators, and policymakers seeking a research-backed understanding of ADHD to support individuals in diverse settings.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2025-08-28
Mått:189 x 246 x 36 mm
Vikt:765 g
Format:Häftad
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:544
Upplaga:2
Förlag:John Wiley and Sons Ltd
ISBN:9781118941249

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Klinisk psykologi inom Medicin

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CHRIS CHANDLER is Professor of Psychology at London Metropolitan University, where he teaches psychobiology and addiction at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. An expert in the neuropsychology of ADHD and addiction, Chandler’s research explores the role of dopamine in behavior and the psychobiological aspects of addiction. He is also the author of Psychobiology and Addiction: A Biopsychosocial Perspective (co-authored with Anita Andrews) and numerous peer-reviewed articles.

Innehållsförteckning

Preface to the Second Edition xvPreface to the First Edition xviiAcknowledgments xxi1 What Is ADHD? 1What Does ADHD Look Like and Who Has It? 2ADHD – Two Faces of the Same Coin 3The Negative Impact of ADHD 6What Is ADHD Like? 6Adult Male Personal Account A 11Adult Female Personal Account 15A Child’s Personal Account (Diagnosed at the Age of 8 Years) 18A Parent’s View 19Another Parent’s View 22A Mother with ADHD’s Personal Account of Parenting a Daughter with ADHD 25Are There Any Positive Aspects to Having ADHD? 28ADHD: Science and Society 31Science and Proof 32Good Science and Drug Development 38Summary 412 Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Comorbidity 43A Short History of ADHD 44Formal Diagnosis 48DSM Criteria 51DSM vs. ICD 58Is ADHD Real? 65Adult ADHD 67Is Adult ADHD Real? 69Diagnosis and the Future Criteria 71Assessment 71Rating Scales 73ADHD Rating Scales: Children 74SNAP-IV, SKAMP, and SWAN 74ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD RS IV) and ADHD RS 5 74Conner’s Rating Scales – Revised (CRS-R) 74Vanderbilt ADHD Teacher and Parent Rating Scales (VADTRS and VANPRS) 75ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale 75Attention Deficit Disorder Evaluation Scale - Second Edition (addes 2) 75ACTeRS - 2nd Edition 75Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scales for Children and Adolescents (BADDS) 75The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 76The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) 76Parental Account of Childhood Symptoms (PACS) 76Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS) 76ADHD Rating Scales: Adults 76Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) (See Also Adult ADHD) 77Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) 77Brown Adult ADD Scale 77The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) 77Rating Scales: Summary 77Epidemiology 78The Cultural Context of Diagnosis 80Sex Differences 81Over- and Underdiagnosis 82Prognosis 83Comorbidity – Not Just ADHD 85Autism and ADHD 87Prevalence of ASD with and Without ADHD 88Implications of ASD and ADHD 88Summary 883 Causality and the Environmental Hypotheses of ADHD 91What Causes ADHD? 91Causality 92Animal Models of ADHD 93Genetic Models 96Alpha-synuclein Lacking Mice 98Physical Trauma/Environment 98Anoxia/Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents 99X-radiation of Neonatal Rodents 99Cerebellar Stunting Model of ADHD 99Maternally Stressed Mice 99Prenatal Ethanol Exposure 100What Can Animal Models Tell Us About ADHD? 100The Environment 100The Environment in Utero: Pregnancy, Birth Complications, and Teratology 101Pregnancy and Birth Complications 101Teratology: Are Neurotoxins a Possible Cause? 102Maternal Smoking 103Maternal Alcohol Consumption 104Low Birth Weight and ADHD 106Trace Elements in ADHD 107Food Additives, Allergies, and Responses 108Fatty Acids in ADHD 109Television and Computer Games 111The Environment: Blame Culture, Agency, Free Will, Families, and Society 113Summary 1154 Neuropsychological Theories of ADHD 117Executive Functions 117Neuropsychological Tests and the Generation of Theories 118Theory of Mind 122Impulse Control: Impulsivity and Behavioral/Response Inhibition 125Barkley’s Neuropsychological Account – Behavioral Inhibition 127Measures of Behavioral Inhibition and ADHD 129Motivational Inhibition 138Working Memory 138Barkley’s Updated Executive Functioning Model 143Alerting, Orienting, and Executive Functioning – Separate Circuits in Adhd 144The Supervisory Attentional System 146Brown’s Executive Functioning Model 147Cognitive–Energetic Model 148A Behavioral Neuroenergetics Theory of ADHD 149Summary 1515 The Genetics of ADHD 153The Evidence for (and Against) ADHD as a Genetically Inherited Disorder 154Behavioral Genetics 154Twins 154Evolutionary Explanations for ADHD and Its Continuation 158Evolutionary Psychology, ADHD, and Specific Genes 162Molecular Genetics 164A Brief Lesson on Genetics 164Genetic Variation 167Polymorphisms 167Variable Number Tandem Repeats 168Genetic Markers 168Epigenetics 168Exploring Genes in ADHD 170Dopamine Genes and ADHD 171Dopamine Transporter Gene 171DRD4 Gene 172DRD1 Gene 173DRD2 Gene 173DRD3 Gene 173DRD5 Gene 174Other Non-DA or Non-DA Specific Related Genes 174Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Gene 174SNAP25 Gene 175TH (Tyrosine Hydroxylase), DOPA Decarboxylase, and DBH (Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase) Genes 175MAOA (Monoamine Oxidase A) Genes 176BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) 176Noradrenergic Genes 176Serotonergic Genes 177Is There a Gene for ADHD? 177Admixture in the Genetics of ADHD 180Can Genes Explain the Sex Difference in ADHD (If There Is a Difference)? 181The Endophenotype 183Summary 1856 The Neuroscience of ADHD 187The Brain: A Brief Guide to Development and Neuroanatomy 187Developmental Changes in the Brain 188Regions of the Brain 190The Cortex 191The Limbic System 191The Basal Ganglia 191Cerebellum 194A Brief Account of Imaging the Brain 194The Brain in ADHD 196Structural Changes 196Gray and White Matter 196The Cortex 197The Frontal Lobes 198The Parietal Lobe 198Basal Ganglia 198Cerebellum 199Functional Significance 200Functional Imaging of ADHD 200Psychophysiological Studies 201Connectivity in ADHD 202The Fronto-striatal Circuits 203Fronto-parietal Circuits 205Corticocerebellar Circuits 205Default Mode Network and Task-Positive Networks in ADHD 205Summary 2087 Psychostimulant Medication for ADHD: From Treatment to Theory (and Back Again) 211A Brief Review of the Neuropharmacology 211Electrical Communication 212Synaptic Transmission 214Pharmacotherapy in ADHD 218The Pharmacology and Efficacy of Psychostimulants used in treating ADHD 221Methylphenidate 222Pharmacology 222Amphetamine 227Pharmacology 227Clinical Effects of Amphetamine and Methylphenidate 229The MTA Study 232Other Studies and Neurocognitive Processes 237Side Effects and Concerns with Amphetamine and Methylphenidate 237Other Drugs that Increase Dopamine Levels 240L-Dopa 240Apomorphine 241Bromocriptine 241Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors 242Pemoline 243Pharmacology 243Clinical Effects 243Side Effects 243Nicotine 244Pharmacology 244Clinical Effects 244Tolerance and Withdrawal 245Placebo Effects in ADHD 246Psychopharmacology: From Treatment to Theory 248Hypo/Hyperfunctioning DA in ADHD 249Grace’s Tonic and Phasic Account of ADHD 250A Dynamic Developmental Theory of ADHD 252The Rate-dependent Hypothesis and the Effects of Psychostimulants 253Extending the Theory to Norepinephrine 255Summary 2558 Non-stimulant Medications and Non-pharmacological Treatments 257Non-stimulant Medications 257Atomoxetine 258Viloxazine 262Modafinil 262Clonidine and Guanfacine 264Centanafadine: A Mixed Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Serotonin-Based Drug 266How Do These Drugs Fit into Theoretical Accounts of ADHD? 266Non-pharmacological Treatments 268Neurotherapeutics 268Neurofeedback 268Brain Stimulation 270Behavioral Therapies 272Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) 273Other Behavioral Therapies 276Alternative Treatments 277Summary 2789 Addiction, Reward, and ADHD 279Addiction 279The Neuropsychopharmacology of Addiction 280Addiction in ADHD 284Are ADHD Symptoms Subtypes Linked to Any Specific Drugs? 286Amphetamines, Methylphenidate, and Addiction 288Methylphenidate Treatment and Addiction 290Drugs, Cannabis, and Psychiatry 293Psychedelics, Endocannabinoids, and CBD: A New Treatment Strand for ADHD? 294Slow-Release Formulations and the Treatment of Cocaine and Amphetamine Addiction 295Theories of ADHD Based on DA Reward Pathways 298Methylphenidate and Long-term Neural Changes: Sensitization 298Reward Deficiency in ADHD: Theory and Evidence 300Reward Prediction Error 302The Dopamine Transfer Deficit Hypothesis of ADHD 304The Dual-Pathway Model of ADHD 305Impulsivity in SUD and ADHD (Revisited) 308Summary 30910 The Past, Present, and Future Science of ADHD 311Toward a Better Understanding and Treatment of ADHD 316What Do the NICE Guidelines on ADHD Really State? 317Glossary 321References 337Index 507