Towards 5G

Rath Vannithamby, Senior Research Scientist at Intel Corporation, Oregon, USARath Vannithamby received his PhD degree in EE from the University of Toronto. He leads and manages a team responsible for 4G/5G cellular research in Intel Labs. Prior to joining Intel, he was a researcher at Ericsson responsible for 3G research. Dr. Vannithamby is a Senior Member of IEEE. He has published over 50 scientific articles and has over 120 patents granted/pending. His research interests are in the area of 4G/5G broadband mobile networks, energy efficiency, QoS for mobile internet applications, cross-layer techniques, cognitive radio, and machine-to-machine communications.Shilpa Talwar, Principal Engineer at Intel Corporation, California, USA  Shilpa Talwar leads a small research team focused on advanced network topologies for improving the capacity and service quality of cellular networks. Her research interests include heterogeneous networks, multi-radio interworking, device to device communications, and advanced MIMO and interference mitigation techniques. While at Intel, she has contributed to IEEE and 3GPP standard bodies, including an IEEE wide tutorial on Future Wireless Networks with support of many industry partners, which led to formation of multiple study groups in IEEE 802.16, and the 802.16p standard. She is currently coordinating an effort on 5G technologies with several leading universities and industry partners. Shilpa graduated from Stanford University in 1996 with a Ph.D. in Applied mathematics and an M.S. in electrical engineering. She is the author of 60+ technical publications and patents.

• List of Contributors xvList of Acronyms xixAbout the Companion Website xxxiPart I Overview of 5G 11 Introduction 3Shilpa Talwar and Rath Vannithamby1.1 Evolution of Cellular Systems through the Generations 31.2 Moving Towards 5G 41.3 5G Networks and Devices 51.4 Outline of the Book 7References 82 5G Requirements 9Anass Benjebbour, Yoshihisa Kishiyama, and Takehiro Nakamura2.1 Introduction 92.2 Emerging Trends in Mobile Applications and Services 102.3 General Requirements 15References 213 Collaborative 5G Research within the EU Framework of Funded Research 23Michael Faerber3.1 Rationale for 5G Research and the EU’s Motivation 233.2 EU Research 25References 334 5G: Transforming the User Wireless Experience 34David Ott, Nageen Himayat, and Shilpa Talwar4.1 Introduction 344.2 Intel’s Vision of 5G Technologies 344.3 Intel Strategic Research Alliance on 5G 404.4 ISRA 5G Technical Objectives and Goals 404.5 ISRA 5G Project Summaries 42References 50Part II Candidate Technologies – Evolutionary 535 Towards Green and Soft 55Chih‐Lin I and Shuangfeng Han5.1 Chapter Overview 555.2 Efforts on Green and Soft 5G Networks 565.3 Rethink Shannon: EE and SE Co‐design for a Green Network 575.4 “No More Cell” for a Green and Soft Network 675.5 Summary 75Acknowledgments 76References 766 Proactive Caching in 5G Small Cell Networks 78Ejder Baştuğ, Mehdi Bennis, and Mérouane Debbah6.1 Small Cell Networks: Past, Present and Future Trends 786.2 Cache‐enabled Proactive Small Cell Networks 806.3 System Model 816.4 Proactive Caching at Base Stations 826.5 Proactive Caching at User Terminals 856.6 Related Work and Research Directions 906.7 Conclusions 95Acknowledgments 95References 957 Modeling Multi‐Radio Coordination and Integration in Converged Heterogeneous Networks 99Olga Galinina, Sergey Andreev, Alexander Pyattaev, Mikhail Gerasimenko, Yevgeni Koucheryavy, Nageen Himayat, Kerstin Johnsson, and Shu‐ping Yeh7.1 Enabling Technologies for Multi‐Radio Heterogeneous Networks 997.2 Comprehensive Methodology for Space‐Time Network Analysis 1057.3 Analysis of Random Dynamic HetNets 1147.4 Quantifying Performance with System‐level Evaluations 1217.5 Summary and Conclusions 126Acknowledgments 126References 1268 Distributed Resource Allocation in 5G Cellular Networks 129Monowar Hasan and Ekram Hossain8.1 Introduction 1298.2 Multi‐tier 5G Cellular: Overview and Challenges 1328.3 System Model 1358.4 Resource Allocation using Stable Matching 1398.5 Message‐passing Approach for Resource Allocation 1438.6 Auction‐based Resource Allocation 1518.7 Qualitative Comparison of the Resource Allocation Schemes 1578.8 Summary and Conclusion 157References 159Additional Reading 1609 Device‐to‐Device Communications 162Andreas F. Molisch, Mingyue Ji, Joongheon Kim, Daoud Burghal, and Arash Saber Tehrani9.1 Introduction and Motivation 1629.2 Propagation Channels 1639.3 Neighbor Discovery and Channel Estimation 1669.4 Mode Selection and Resource Allocation 1709.5 Scheduling 1759.6 Multi‐hop D2D 1809.7 Standardization 1839.8 Applications 1849.9 D2D for Video 1869.10 Conclusions 191Acknowledgments 191References 19110 Energy‐efficient Wireless OFDMA Networks 199Cong Xiong and Geoffrey Ye Li10.1 Overview 19910.2 Energy Efficiency and Energy‐efficient Wireless Networks 20010.3 Energy Efficiency and Spectral Efficiency Tradeoff in OFDMA 20110.4 Energy Efficiency, Power, and Delay Tradeoff in OFDMA 20810.5 Energy‐efficient Resource Allocation for Downlink OFDMA 21210.6 Energy‐efficient Resource Allocation for Uplink OFDMA 21710.7 Concluding Remarks 219References 22011 Advanced Multiple‐access and MIMO Techniques 222NOMA sectionsAnass Benjebbour, Anxin Li, Kazuaki Takeda, Yoshihisa Kishiyama, and Takehiro NakamuraSV‐MIMO sectionsYuki Inoue, Yoshihisa Kishiyama, and Takehiro Nakamura11.1 Introduction 22211.2 Non‐orthogonal Multiple Access 22511.3 Smart Vertical MIMO 23811.4 Conclusion 247References 24812 M2M Communications 250Rapeepat Ratasuk, Amitava Ghosh, and Benny Vejlgaard12.1 Chapter Overview 25012.2 M2M Communications 25012.3 LTE Evolution for M2M 25312.4 5G for M2M Communications 27012.5 Conclusion 273References 27413 Low‐latency Radio‐interface Perspectives for Small‐cell 5G Networks 275Toni Levanen, Juho Pirskanen, and Mikko Valkama13.1 Introduction to Low‐latency Radio‐interface Design 27513.2 Small‐cell Channel Environment Considerations and Expected Traffic 27713.3 New Radio‐interface Design for Low‐latency 5G Wireless Access 28313.4 Extending the 5GETLA Reference Design to Millimeter‐Wave Communications 29613.5 Conclusions and Open Research Topics 299Part III Candidate Technologies – Revolutionary 30314 New Physical‐layer Waveforms for 5G 305Gerhard Wunder, Martin Kasparick, Peter Jung, Thorsten Wild, Frank Schaich, Yejian Chen, Gerhard Fettweis, Ivan Gaspar, Nicola Michailow, Maximilian Matthé, Luciano Mendes, Dimitri Kténas, Jean‐Baptiste Doré, Vincent Berg, Nicolas Cassiau, Slawomir Pietrzyk, and Mateusz Buczkowski14.1 Why OFDM Fails 30514.2 Unified Frame Structure 30814.3 Waveform Candidates and Multiple‐access Approaches 31014.4 One‐shot Random Access 32814.5 Conclusions 339References 33915 Massive MIMO Communications 342Frederick W. Vook, Amitava Ghosh, and Timothy A. Thomas15.1 Introduction 34215.2 Overview of Multi‐Antenna Techniques in LTE 34315.3 Moving to 5G Cellular with Large‐scale Antenna Arrays 34515.4 Antenna‐array Architectures for 5G Cellular 34815.5 Massive MIMO for Evolved LTE Systems (Below 6 GHz) 34915.6 Massive MIMO for cmWave and mmWave Systems (Above 6 GHz) 35815.7 Conclusion 362References 36316 Full‐duplex Radios 365Dinesh Bharadia and Sachin Katti16.1 The Problem 36716.2 Our Design 37216.3 Implementation 38116.4 Evaluation 38316.5 Discussion and Conclusion 393References 39317 Point to Multi‐point, In‐band mmWave Backhaul for 5G Networks 395Rakesh Taori and Arun Sridharan17.1 Introduction 39517.2 Feasibility of In‐band Backhaul 39717.3 Deployment Assumptions 40017.4 In‐band Backhaul Design Considerations 40217.5 TDM‐based Scheduling Scheme for In‐band Backhauling 40317.6 Concluding Remarks 407Acknowledgments 407References 40718 Application of NFV and SDN to 5G Infrastructure 408Ashok Sunder Rajan and Kannan Babu Ramia18.1 Chapter Overview 40818.2 Background 40818.3 NFV and SDN 40918.4 Network Planning and Engineering 41018.5 Cellular Wireless Network Infrastructure 41418.6 Network Workloads and Capacity Factors 41718.7 Conclusion 419References 420Index 421