Milgram at 50

S. Alexander Haslam is Professor of Social and Organizational Psychology and Australian Laureate Fellow at the University of Queensland. He is a former Chief Editor of the European Journal of Social Psychology (2002-2005) and his work focuses on the study of group and identity processes in social and organizational contexts. With colleagues he has written and edited 11 books, the most recent being The New Psychology of Leadership: Identity, Influence and Power (with Steve Reicher & Michael Platow, Psychology Press, 2011) and Social Psychology: Revisiting the Classic Studies (edited with Joanne Smith, Sage, 2012). Arthur G. Miller is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He received his doctorate in social psychology from Indiana University in 1967, and spent 1979-1980 at Princeton University on anNIMH fellowship, studying with Ned Jones. He is the author of The Obedience Experiments: A Case Study of Controversy in Social Science (Praeger, 1986). He edited a special issue of Personality and Social Psychology Review ("Harming other people: Perspectives on evil and violence," 1999, 3), and The Social Psychology of Good and Evil (Guilford, 2004). The second edition of the latter is in progress.?He was one of the commentators on Burger's modification of the obedience paradigm, featured in a special issue of the American Psychologist (January, 2009), and a commentator on Diana Baumrind's reprise of her classic ethical critique of Milgram's first obedience article in Theoretical and Applied Ethics (2014). Stephen Reicher is Professor of Psychology at the University of St. Andrews. A former editor of the British Journal of Social Psychology, his work centres of the relationship between social identity and collective behaviour. In over 200 publications he has addressed such topics as crowd psychology, intergroup hostility, nationalism and national identity, political rhetoric, leadership and the psychology of tyranny and resistance. His latest two books are The New Psychology of Leadership: Identity, Influence and Power (with Alex Haslam and Michael Platow, Psychology Press, 2011) and Mad Mobs and Englishmen? Myths and Realities of the 2011 Riots (with Clifford Stott, Constable, 2011).

• INTRODUCTION What Makes a Person a Perpetrator? The Intellectual, Moral, and  Methodological Arguments for Revisiting Milgram’s Research on the Influence of Authority  393Stephen D. Reicher, S. Alexander Haslam, and Arthur G. Miller   SECTION I: THE GAPS IN MILGRAM’S ANALYSIS: NEW INSIGHTS FROM THE MILGRAM ARCHIVESThe Emergence of Milgram’s Bureaucratic Machine  409Nestar Russell Discourse, Defiance, and Rationality: “Knowledge Work” in the “Obedience” Experiments  424Stephen Gibson Revisioning Obedience: Exploring the Role of Milgram’s Skills as a Filmmaker in Bringing His Shocking Narrative to Life  439Kathryn Millard   SECTION II: THE RICHNESS OF MILGRAM’S FINDINGS: INSIGHTS FROM EMPIRICAL AND CONCEPTUAL EXTENSIONSMilgram’s Unpublished Obedience Variation and its Historical Relevance  454Francois Rochat and Thomas Blass Nothing by Mere Authority: Evidence that in an Experimental Analogue of the Milgram Paradigm Participants are Motivated not by Orders but by Appeals to Science  471S. Alexander Haslam, Stephen D. Reicher, and Megan E. Birney Beyond Obedience: Situational Features in Milgram’s Experiment That Kept His ParticipantsShocking  487Jerry M. Burger   SECTION III: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MILGRAM’S EXPERIMENTS: OBEDIENCE, DESTRUCTIVENESS, AND RESISTANCEObeying, Joining, Following, Resisting, and Other Processes in the Milgram Studies, and in the Holocaust and Other Genocides: Situations, Personality, and Bystanders  499Ervin Staub “Ordinary Men,” Extraordinary Circumstances: Historians, Social Psychology, and the Holocaust  513Richard Overy Authorities and Uncertainties: Applying Lessons from the Study of Jewish Resistance during the Holocaust to the Milgram Legacy  529Rachel L. Einwohner   SECTION IV: THE MEANING OF MILGRAM’S EXPERIMENTS: CAUSALITY, RESPONSIBILITY, AND CONTEXTObserving Obedience: How Sophisticated are Social Perceivers?  542Andrew E. Monroe and Glenn D. Reeder The Explanatory Value of Milgram’s Obedience Experiments: A Contemporary Appraisal  556Arthur G. Miller Obedience, Self-Control, and the Voice of Culture  572Michael R. Ent and Roy F. Baumeister   SECTION V: OVERVIEW AND COMMENTARY50:50 Hindsight: Appreciating Anew the contributions of Milgram’s Obedience Experiments  585Jolanda Jetten and Frank Mols