Confronting and Reducing Sexism

Julia Becker is a professor of social psychology at the University of Osnabrueck (Germany). Her research focuses on ways to explain why disadvantaged group members tolerate societal systems that produce social and economic inequality and how legitimizing ideologies (such as sexism) help to maintain unequal status relations. Building on this, she is interested in people's motivation in activism for social change. Matthew J. Zawadzki is a post-doctoral scholar in the Department of Biobehavioral Health at The Pennsylvania State University. His research investigates how psychological processes affect health with a focus on creating, testing, and implementing interventions to improve well-being. Stephanie A. Shields is Professor of Psychology and Women's Studies at The Pennsylvania State. Her research is at the intersection of human emotion, gender, and feminist psychology. Her current work focuses on development and testing of WAGES, perception of emotion regulation in others, and theoretical and methodological issues relevant to applying intersectionality theory in psychological research.

• INTRODUCTIONConfronting and Reducing Sexism: A Call for Research on InterventionJulia C. Becker, Matthew J. Zawadzki, and Stephanie A. Shields  603SECTION I: CONFRONTING SEXISMDo You Say Something When It’s Your Boss? The Role of Perpetrator Power in Prejudice ConfrontationLeslie Ashburn-Nardo, John C. Blanchar, Jessica Petersson, Kathryn A. Morris, and Stephanie A. Goodwin  615Allies against Sexism: The Role of Men in Confronting SexismBenjamin J. Drury and Cheryl R. Kaiser  637Confronting Sexism as Persuasion: Effects of a Confrontation’s Recipient, Source, Message, and ContextSarah J. Gervais and Amy L. Hillard  653Ways to Go: Men’s and Women’s Support for Aggressive and Nonaggressive Confrontation of Sexism as a Function of Gender IdentificationJulia C. Becker and Manuela Barreto  668A Review of Organizational Strategies for Reducing Sexual Harassment: Insights from the U. S. MilitaryNiCole T. Buchanan, Isis H. Settles, Angela T. Hall, and Rachel C. O’Connor  687SECTION II: INTERVENTIONS FOR REDUCING SEXISMUsing Experiential Learning to Increase the Recognition of Everyday Sexism as Harmful: The WAGES InterventionJessica L. Cundiff, Matthew J. Zawadzki, Cinnamon L. Danube, and Stephanie A. Shields  703Reflecting on Heterosexual and Male Privilege: Interventions to Raise AwarenessKim A. Case, Rachel Hensley, and Amber Anderson  722From Sex to Gender: A University Intervention to Reduce Sexism in Argentina, Spain, and El SalvadorSoledad de Lemus, Laura Navarro, Marta Velasquez, Estrella Ryan, and Jesus L. Megýas  741Sanctioning and Stimulating Resistance to Sexual Objectification: An Integrative System-justification PerspectiveRachel M. Calogero and Tracy L. Tylka  763SECTION III: COMMENTARYCommentary: Encouraging Confrontation  779