Self-healing Control Technology for Distribution Networks

Xinxin Gu, NARI Technology Co. LTDNing Jiang, Nanjing Power Supply Company, China

• Foreword ixPreface xi1 Overview 11.1 Proposal of Smart Grid 11.2 Development Status of China’s Power Distribution Network Automation 21.3 Development of Self‐healing Control Theory 32 Architecture of Self‐healing Control System for Distribution Network 72.1 Characteristics 72.2 Structure of Self‐healing Control System 83 Advanced Application Software of Smart Dispatching and Self‐healing Control for Power Distribution Network 113.1 Design Principles of Application Software for Smart Dispatching Platform 113.2 Overall Structure of Automation System for Power Distribution Network 133.2.1 Supporting Platform Layer 133.2.1.1 Integration Bus Layer 133.2.1.2 Data Bus Layer 153.2.1.3 Public Service Layer 153.2.2 Application System Layer 163.3 Smart Dispatching Platform Functions 163.3.1 Supporting Platform 163.3.2 Operation Monitoring of Power Distribution Network 173.3.3 Information Interaction with Other Systems 193.3.4 Advanced Application Software of Self‐healing Control 214 A New Generation of Relay Protection for Distribution Networks 274.1 Principles and Application of Network Protection for Distribution Networks 274.2 Adaptive Protection 284.2.1 Development History and Features of Adaptive Protection 294.2.2 Realization Mode of Adaptive Protection 314.2.2.1 Local Adaptive Protection (Non‐channel Adaptive Protection) 324.2.2.2 Area/Wide‐Area Adaptive Protection 344.3 Networking Protection for Distribution Network 364.3.1 Concept of Networking Protection for Distribution Network 374.3.1.1 Networking Protection 374.3.1.2 Area/Wide‐Area Adaptive Protection Based on Networking – Networking Protection for Distribution Network 384.3.1.3 Distribution Network Automation System – Fundamental Framework of Networking Protection 394.3.1.4 Networking: An Effective Method for Realizing Area/Wide‐Area Adaptive Protection for Distribution Networks 424.3.2 Realization of Networking Protection for Distribution Network 444.3.2.1 System Framework of Networking Protection for Distribution Network 444.3.2.2 Dispatching Control Layer of Distribution Network 444.3.2.3 Substation Layer 444.3.2.4 Networking Bus Protection 464.3.2.5 Network Backup Automatic Switching 474.3.2.6 Network Adaptive Current Protection 495 Distribution Network Communication Technology and Networking 575.1 Introduction to Distribution Communications 575.2 Backbone Communication Network 595.2.1 SDH Technology 595.2.2 MSTP Technology 595.3 Distribution Communication Technology 605.3.1 Epon 605.3.1.1 EPON Technology and Characteristics 605.3.1.2 EPON Interface 635.3.1.3 EPON Transmission System 635.3.2 Industrial Ethernet 645.3.3 Wireless Communication 655.3.4 Power‐Line Carrier 665.4 Communication Networking Method of Power Distribution 685.4.1 Basic Topology 685.4.1.1 Networking Application 705.4.2 Industrial Ethernet 725.4.3 Wireless Communication 725.4.3.1 Short‐Distance Communication 725.4.3.2 Td‐lte 735.4.4 Hybrid Networking 745.4.4.1 Optical Fiber + Power‐Line Carrier 775.4.4.2 Optical Fiber + Wireless 775.4.4.3 Power‐Line Carrier + Wireless 776 Detection Management System for Distribution Network Devices 816.1 Significance of Distribution Equipment Condition‐Based Monitoring and Maintenance 816.1.1 Equipment Condition Monitoring Technology 836.1.1.1 Common Sensors 836.1.1.2 Distribution Transformer Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis Technology 846.1.1.3 HV Breaker Condition‐Based Monitor 946.1.1.4 Lighting Arrester Condition Monitoring 1056.1.1.5 Capacitive Equipment Status‐Detection System 1196.2 Distribution Network Device Monitoring System and Network Monitoring Management System 1286.2.1 Distribution Network Equipment Supervisory Terminal and Distribution Network System Terminal Layer 1296.2.2 Condition Monitoring System Relies on Automation System Communication Channel 1306.2.3 Primary Station for Distribution Equipment Condition‐Based Maintenance and Integration of DMS 1316.2.4 Geological Information‐Based Distribution Network Condition Monitoring and Maintenance 1326.2.4.1 Integration Mode 1336.2.4.2 Information Interaction 1346.2.5 Distribution Equipment Assessment and Condition Maintenance 1356.2.5.1 Information Support 1366.2.5.2 Distribution Device Condition Assessment 1386.2.5.3 Device Risk Assessment 1406.2.5.4 Fault Diagnosis 1436.2.5.5 Condition Improvement and Maintenance 1447 Implementation of Self‐healing Control Technology 1477.1 Principle of Implementation of Self‐healing Control 1477.1.1 Characteristics of Self‐healing Function 1477.1.2 Basic Principle of Self‐healing Control 1477.2 Self‐healing Control Method 1497.2.1 Urban Distribution Network Self‐healing Control Method Based on Quantity of State 1497.2.2 Self‐healing Control Method for Distribution Network Based on Distributed Power and Micro‐grid 1517.2.3 Distribution Network Self‐healing Control Based on Coordination Control Model 1517.3 Implementation of Distribution Network Self‐healing 1597.3.1 Self‐adaptive Relay Protection Units 1607.3.2 Relay Protection 1617.3.2.1 Basic Requirements 1617.3.2.2 Self‐adaption 1617.3.3 Scada/rtu 1637.3.3.1 History of SCADA 1637.3.3.2 Development of SCADA 1647.3.4 Wide‐Area Measuring System and Phasor Measuring Unit 1657.3.4.1 WAMS System 1677.3.4.2 PMU/WAMS and SCADA/EMS 1677.3.4.3 Application of PMU or WAMS 1687.3.5 Smart Grid and WAMS 1698 Pilot Project 1718.1 Simulation Analysis 1718.1.1 Components 1718.1.2 Test Items 1718.1.3 Information Flow of Simulation System 1718.1.4 Test Results 1718.1.4.1 System States 1718.1.4.2 System Management 1718.1.4.3 Self‐healing Control 1718.1.4.4 Simulation Analysis 1728.1.4.5 History Query 1728.1.5 Simulation Cases 1748.1.5.1 Simulation Case 1 1748.1.5.2 Simulation Case 2 1748.1.5.3 Simulation Case 3 1758.2 Pilot Application 1778.2.1 Requirements for Pilot Power Grid 1778.2.2 Contents of Demonstration Project 1788.2.3 Distribution Network of Pilot Project 1789 Development Progress of Smart Grid in the World 1899.1 Introduction 1899.2 Current Situation of Chinese Smart Grid: China’s National Strategy 1909.2.1 Distribution Network Automation 1909.2.2 Standards Release 1909.2.3 Research and Demonstration 1909.3 Current Situation of Foreign Countries’ Smart Grid 1939.3.1 United States 1939.3.2 Europe 1939.3.3 The Americas 1949.3.4 Multinational Cooperation 1949.3.5 EPRI USA Smart Grid Demonstration Initiative: 5 Year Update on Multinational Cooperation 1959.4 Energy Network 1969.5 Opportunities and Challenges 196References 199Postscript 201Index 203