Tim Wing Yam, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore Joseph Arditti, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Irvine, USA

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• PrefacePreface to the Second EditionPreface to the First EditionChapter 1: HistoryTerminologyOrigins of Orchid MicropropagationPlant Hormones and Propagation Additives of Plant OriginCulture of Tissues and OrgansEarly Tissue Culture AttemptsCulture of Stem TipsFirst Micropropagation of OrchidsThe Second Aseptic Culture of an Orchid ExplantPlant Diseases and MeristemsThe Third Aseptic Culture of an Orchid ExplantThe Fourth Aseptic Culture of an Orchid ExplantWho Pioneered Micropropagation?Root CulturesLeaf CulturesStemsFlower Buds, Flowers, Floral Segments, and Reproductive OrgansInflorescencesA PatentDoubtful ClaimsMutationsTheft in VitroDarkening of Culture MediaAnticontaminantsCell and Protoplast CultureFlowering in Vitro,  The FutureChapter 2: General Outline of Techniques and ProceduresMedia ComponentsMacroelementsMicroelementsIronAuxins and Anti-auxinChitosanCytokininsGibberellins and AntigibberellinAbscisic AcidEthylene and Ethylene InhibitorAmino AcidsPolyolPolyaminesPhloroglucinolJasmonatesVitaminsNucleotides and Nucleic AcidsOrganic AcidsBananaCoconut WaterHydrolysates and AutolysatesSugarsAnticontaminantsCharcoalSolventsSolidifierspHRecipes in this BookStock SolutionsState of the MediumSterilizationAutoclavesFiltrationSterilization in Microwave OvensSolventsOpen FlameLiquidsSurface DecontaminationGas SterilizationPreparation of the MediumCulture VesselsCulture ConditionsTemperatureAgitationIlluminationCarbon DioxidePlacing Plant Material in CultureSeedsTissue ExplantsInternal ContaminantsEnzymes for Protoplast IsolationWork AreaLaminar-flow HoodsSterile RoomsSterile BoxesClean Laboratory BenchWashing GlasswareChapter 3: Methods for Specific GeneraAcampeAeridachnisAeridesAeridovandaAnacamptisAngraecumAnoectochilusAnselliaArachnisArachnostylisArandaArantheraArundinaAscocendaAscocentrumAscofinetiaBarliaBletillaBrassavolaBrassiaBrassocattleyaBrassolaeliocattleya, 277BulbophyllumBurkillaraCaladeniaCalantheCatasetumCattleyaCaularthronCleisostomaClowesiaCoelogyneCymbidiumCypripediumCyrtopodiumDactylorchisDactylorhizaDarwinaraDendrobium, 518DisaDiurisDoriellaDoritaenopsisDoritis, 693EncycliaEpidendrumEpiphronitisErycinaEulophiaGastrochilusGeodorumGoodyeraGrammatophyllumHabenariaHadrolaeliaHetaeriaHolttumaraIpseaKagawaraLaeliaLaeliocattleyaLiparisLudisia (Haemaria)LuisiaLycasteMalaxisMaxillariaMiltoniaMokaraMormodesNeofinetiaNeostylisNeottiaNerviliaNigritellaOberoniaOdontiodaOdontoglossumOdontoniaOncidiumOphrysOrchisOttochilusPachystomaPaphiopedilumPapilionandaPapilionanthe, 901PhaiusPhalaenopsisPholidotaPhragmipediumPleionePogoniaPonerorchisPotinaraPterostylisRenadesRenanetiaRenantandaRenantheraRestrepiaRhynchosteleRhynchostylisSaccolabiumSarcanthusSatyriumSchomburgkiaSerapiasSophrolaeliocattleyaSpathoglottisSpiranthesTainiaThelymitraThuniaTrudeliaVandaVandofinetiaVanillaVascostylisVuylstekeara, 1292Zygopetalum, 1292Chapter 4: SummaryCulture ConditionsMedia ComponentsMacroelementsMicroelementsSubstitutionsCarbohydratesAmino AcidsVitaminsPolyolsHormonesCoconut WaterBleeding Sap of Birch TreesOther Complex Organic AdditivesSolidifying (Gel-forming) Agents and Alternative Supporting MediaAdsorbentsApplications of Orchid Tissue CultureCommercializationConservationPatentsPlant Improvement and BiotechnologyCryopreservationPhysiological StudiesNegative Aspects of MicropropagationReferencesAppendix 1: General Information on Supplies, Equipment, Terms, and ReagentsAppendix 2: Sources of Supplies and EquipmentAppendix 3: Some Sites of Interest on the World Wide WebAppendix 4: LightAppendix 5: FormularyAppendix 6: Atomic Weights, Concentrations, Exponents, Greek and Roman Letters, Ions, Measurements, Molecular Weights, Prefixes, Valences, Units, and SolutionsAppendix 7: Additional InformationAppendix 8: Plant Preservative MixtureAppendix 9: MediaAppendix 10: ASCII CodesGlossaryIndex

Tim Wing Yam, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore Joseph Arditti, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Irvine, USA

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• PrefacePreface to the Second EditionPreface to the First EditionChapter 1: HistoryTerminologyOrigins of Orchid MicropropagationPlant Hormones and Propagation Additives of Plant OriginCulture of Tissues and OrgansEarly Tissue Culture AttemptsCulture of Stem TipsFirst Micropropagation of OrchidsThe Second Aseptic Culture of an Orchid ExplantPlant Diseases and MeristemsThe Third Aseptic Culture of an Orchid ExplantThe Fourth Aseptic Culture of an Orchid ExplantWho Pioneered Micropropagation?Root CulturesLeaf CulturesStemsFlower Buds, Flowers, Floral Segments, and Reproductive OrgansInflorescencesA PatentDoubtful ClaimsMutationsTheft in VitroDarkening of Culture MediaAnticontaminantsCell and Protoplast CultureFlowering in Vitro,  The FutureChapter 2: General Outline of Techniques and ProceduresMedia ComponentsMacroelementsMicroelementsIronAuxins and Anti-auxinChitosanCytokininsGibberellins and AntigibberellinAbscisic AcidEthylene and Ethylene InhibitorAmino AcidsPolyolPolyaminesPhloroglucinolJasmonatesVitaminsNucleotides and Nucleic AcidsOrganic AcidsBananaCoconut WaterHydrolysates and AutolysatesSugarsAnticontaminantsCharcoalSolventsSolidifierspHRecipes in this BookStock SolutionsState of the MediumSterilizationAutoclavesFiltrationSterilization in Microwave OvensSolventsOpen FlameLiquidsSurface DecontaminationGas SterilizationPreparation of the MediumCulture VesselsCulture ConditionsTemperatureAgitationIlluminationCarbon DioxidePlacing Plant Material in CultureSeedsTissue ExplantsInternal ContaminantsEnzymes for Protoplast IsolationWork AreaLaminar-flow HoodsSterile RoomsSterile BoxesClean Laboratory BenchWashing GlasswareChapter 3: Methods for Specific GeneraAcampeAeridachnisAeridesAeridovandaAnacamptisAngraecumAnoectochilusAnselliaArachnisArachnostylisArandaArantheraArundinaAscocendaAscocentrumAscofinetiaBarliaBletillaBrassavolaBrassiaBrassocattleyaBrassolaeliocattleya, 277BulbophyllumBurkillaraCaladeniaCalantheCatasetumCattleyaCaularthronCleisostomaClowesiaCoelogyneCymbidiumCypripediumCyrtopodiumDactylorchisDactylorhizaDarwinaraDendrobium, 518DisaDiurisDoriellaDoritaenopsisDoritis, 693EncycliaEpidendrumEpiphronitisErycinaEulophiaGastrochilusGeodorumGoodyeraGrammatophyllumHabenariaHadrolaeliaHetaeriaHolttumaraIpseaKagawaraLaeliaLaeliocattleyaLiparisLudisia (Haemaria)LuisiaLycasteMalaxisMaxillariaMiltoniaMokaraMormodesNeofinetiaNeostylisNeottiaNerviliaNigritellaOberoniaOdontiodaOdontoglossumOdontoniaOncidiumOphrysOrchisOttochilusPachystomaPaphiopedilumPapilionandaPapilionanthe, 901PhaiusPhalaenopsisPholidotaPhragmipediumPleionePogoniaPonerorchisPotinaraPterostylisRenadesRenanetiaRenantandaRenantheraRestrepiaRhynchosteleRhynchostylisSaccolabiumSarcanthusSatyriumSchomburgkiaSerapiasSophrolaeliocattleyaSpathoglottisSpiranthesTainiaThelymitraThuniaTrudeliaVandaVandofinetiaVanillaVascostylisVuylstekeara, 1292Zygopetalum, 1292Chapter 4: SummaryCulture ConditionsMedia ComponentsMacroelementsMicroelementsSubstitutionsCarbohydratesAmino AcidsVitaminsPolyolsHormonesCoconut WaterBleeding Sap of Birch TreesOther Complex Organic AdditivesSolidifying (Gel-forming) Agents and Alternative Supporting MediaAdsorbentsApplications of Orchid Tissue CultureCommercializationConservationPatentsPlant Improvement and BiotechnologyCryopreservationPhysiological StudiesNegative Aspects of MicropropagationReferencesAppendix 1: General Information on Supplies, Equipment, Terms, and ReagentsAppendix 2: Sources of Supplies and EquipmentAppendix 3: Some Sites of Interest on the World Wide WebAppendix 4: LightAppendix 5: FormularyAppendix 6: Atomic Weights, Concentrations, Exponents, Greek and Roman Letters, Ions, Measurements, Molecular Weights, Prefixes, Valences, Units, and SolutionsAppendix 7: Additional InformationAppendix 8: Plant Preservative MixtureAppendix 9: MediaAppendix 10: ASCII CodesGlossaryIndex

Tim Wing Yam, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore Joseph Arditti, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Irvine, USA

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• PrefacePreface to the Second EditionPreface to the First EditionChapter 1: HistoryTerminologyOrigins of Orchid MicropropagationPlant Hormones and Propagation Additives of Plant OriginCulture of Tissues and OrgansEarly Tissue Culture AttemptsCulture of Stem TipsFirst Micropropagation of OrchidsThe Second Aseptic Culture of an Orchid ExplantPlant Diseases and MeristemsThe Third Aseptic Culture of an Orchid ExplantThe Fourth Aseptic Culture of an Orchid ExplantWho Pioneered Micropropagation?Root CulturesLeaf CulturesStemsFlower Buds, Flowers, Floral Segments, and Reproductive OrgansInflorescencesA PatentDoubtful ClaimsMutationsTheft in VitroDarkening of Culture MediaAnticontaminantsCell and Protoplast CultureFlowering in Vitro,  The FutureChapter 2: General Outline of Techniques and ProceduresMedia ComponentsMacroelementsMicroelementsIronAuxins and Anti-auxinChitosanCytokininsGibberellins and AntigibberellinAbscisic AcidEthylene and Ethylene InhibitorAmino AcidsPolyolPolyaminesPhloroglucinolJasmonatesVitaminsNucleotides and Nucleic AcidsOrganic AcidsBananaCoconut WaterHydrolysates and AutolysatesSugarsAnticontaminantsCharcoalSolventsSolidifierspHRecipes in this BookStock SolutionsState of the MediumSterilizationAutoclavesFiltrationSterilization in Microwave OvensSolventsOpen FlameLiquidsSurface DecontaminationGas SterilizationPreparation of the MediumCulture VesselsCulture ConditionsTemperatureAgitationIlluminationCarbon DioxidePlacing Plant Material in CultureSeedsTissue ExplantsInternal ContaminantsEnzymes for Protoplast IsolationWork AreaLaminar-flow HoodsSterile RoomsSterile BoxesClean Laboratory BenchWashing GlasswareChapter 3: Methods for Specific GeneraAcampeAeridachnisAeridesAeridovandaAnacamptisAngraecumAnoectochilusAnselliaArachnisArachnostylisArandaArantheraArundinaAscocendaAscocentrumAscofinetiaBarliaBletillaBrassavolaBrassiaBrassocattleyaBrassolaeliocattleya, 277BulbophyllumBurkillaraCaladeniaCalantheCatasetumCattleyaCaularthronCleisostomaClowesiaCoelogyneCymbidiumCypripediumCyrtopodiumDactylorchisDactylorhizaDarwinaraDendrobium, 518DisaDiurisDoriellaDoritaenopsisDoritis, 693EncycliaEpidendrumEpiphronitisErycinaEulophiaGastrochilusGeodorumGoodyeraGrammatophyllumHabenariaHadrolaeliaHetaeriaHolttumaraIpseaKagawaraLaeliaLaeliocattleyaLiparisLudisia (Haemaria)LuisiaLycasteMalaxisMaxillariaMiltoniaMokaraMormodesNeofinetiaNeostylisNeottiaNerviliaNigritellaOberoniaOdontiodaOdontoglossumOdontoniaOncidiumOphrysOrchisOttochilusPachystomaPaphiopedilumPapilionandaPapilionanthe, 901PhaiusPhalaenopsisPholidotaPhragmipediumPleionePogoniaPonerorchisPotinaraPterostylisRenadesRenanetiaRenantandaRenantheraRestrepiaRhynchosteleRhynchostylisSaccolabiumSarcanthusSatyriumSchomburgkiaSerapiasSophrolaeliocattleyaSpathoglottisSpiranthesTainiaThelymitraThuniaTrudeliaVandaVandofinetiaVanillaVascostylisVuylstekeara, 1292Zygopetalum, 1292Chapter 4: SummaryCulture ConditionsMedia ComponentsMacroelementsMicroelementsSubstitutionsCarbohydratesAmino AcidsVitaminsPolyolsHormonesCoconut WaterBleeding Sap of Birch TreesOther Complex Organic AdditivesSolidifying (Gel-forming) Agents and Alternative Supporting MediaAdsorbentsApplications of Orchid Tissue CultureCommercializationConservationPatentsPlant Improvement and BiotechnologyCryopreservationPhysiological StudiesNegative Aspects of MicropropagationReferencesAppendix 1: General Information on Supplies, Equipment, Terms, and ReagentsAppendix 2: Sources of Supplies and EquipmentAppendix 3: Some Sites of Interest on the World Wide WebAppendix 4: LightAppendix 5: FormularyAppendix 6: Atomic Weights, Concentrations, Exponents, Greek and Roman Letters, Ions, Measurements, Molecular Weights, Prefixes, Valences, Units, and SolutionsAppendix 7: Additional InformationAppendix 8: Plant Preservative MixtureAppendix 9: MediaAppendix 10: ASCII CodesGlossaryIndex