Advances in the Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament

Peter Muir, BVSc, MVetClinStud, PhD, Diplomate ACVS, ECVS, is the Melita Grunow Family Professor of Companion Animal Health at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine in Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

• About the Editor xiForeword to the Second Edition xiiiKenneth A. JohnsonForeword xvR. Randy Basinger, ACVS FoundationPreface xviiPeter MuirAcknowledgements xixPeter MuirContributing Authors xxiI Structure and Function 1Introduction 1Peter Muir1 Morphology and Function of the Cruciate Ligaments 3Hilde de Rooster and Eithne Comerford2 Biomechanics of the Cruciate Ligaments 13Susannah J. Sample3 Cruciate Ligament Remodeling and Repair 21Connie S. Chamberlain, Erin E. Crowley, and Ray Vanderby Jr.4 Meniscal Structure and Function 31Antonio Pozzi and James L. Cook5 Biomechanics of the Normal and Cranial Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Stifle 39Antonio Pozzi and Stanley E. KimII Etiopathogenesis of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 45Introduction 45Peter Muir6 Histology of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 47Kei Hayashi7 Genetics of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 57Lauren A. Baker and Peter Muir8 Cruciate Ligament Matrix Metabolism and Development of Laxity 65Eithne Comerford9 Morphological Risk Factors for Cruciate Ligament Rupture 73Eithne Comerford10 Role of Nitric Oxide Production and Matrix Protease Activity in Cruciate Ligament Degeneration 81David E. Spreng and Simone Forterre11 Role of Antibodies to Collagen Type I and II 89Hilde de Rooster and Eithne Comerford12 Synovitis Precedes Stifle Instability Associated with Cruciate Ligament Rupture 93Jason A. Bleedorn13 Role of Synovial Immune Responses in Stifle Synovitis 101Peter MuirIII Clinical Features 107Introduction 107Peter Muir14 Epidemiology of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 109Lauren A. Baker and Peter Muir15 History and Clinical Signs of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 115Peter Muir16 Partial Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament 119Peter Muir17 Caudal Cruciate Ligament Rupture 123Peter Muir18 Stress Imaging of the Stifle 127Stanley E. Kim19 Stifle Ultrasonography 135Cristi R. Cook20 Computed Tomography (CT) of the Stifle 141Ingrid Gielen and Henri van Bree21 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Stifle 155Peter V. Scrivani22 Risk Prediction of Cruciate Ligament Rupture using Stifle Diagnostic Imaging 165Peter MuirIV Surgical Treatment 169Introduction 169Peter Muir23 Arthroscopy and Arthrotomy of the Stifle 171Brian S. Beale, Donald A. Hulse, Antonio Pozzi, and Peter Muir24 Joint Lavage 185Peter Muir25 Extracapsular Stabilization 189Selena Tinga and Stanley E. Kim26 Intra-Articular Repair for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in the Dog 201Jeffery J. Biskup and Michael G. Conzemius27 Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy 217Susan L. Schaefer28 Tibial Tuberosity Advancement 227Randy J. Boudrieau29 Closing Cranial Wedge Ostectomy and Triple Tibial Osteotomy 243Simon C. Roe30 Treatment of Excessive Tibial Plateau Angle 253Michael P. Kowaleski31 Surgical Management of Cruciate Ligament Rupture Combined with Patella Luxation 261Anke Langenbach and Denis J. Marcellin-Little32 Biomechanics of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Stifle Treated by Tibial Osteotomies 271Antonio Pozzi, Stanley E. Kim, and Selena Tinga33 Arthroscopic Follow-Up after Surgical Stabilization of the Stifle 279Brian S. Beale and Donald A. Hulse34 Cranial Cruciate Ligament Debridement 291David E. Spreng35 Surgical Treatment of Concurrent Meniscal Injury 295Samuel P. Franklin, James L. Cook, and Antonio Pozzi36 Meniscal Release 301Antonio Pozzi and James L. Cook37 Progression of Osteoarthritis after Stifle Stabilization Surgery 307Susannah J. Sample38 Clinical Outcomes after Surgical Treatment of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 313Mary Sarah Bergh and Steven C. Budsberg39 Success and Failure after Stifle Stabilization Surgery 317Michael G. Conzemius and Richard B. Evans40 Diagnosis and Management of Orthopaedic Infection after Stifle Surgery 323Noël M.M. MoensV Medical Management of Cruciate Ligament Rupture 331Introduction 331Peter Muir41 Medical Therapy for Stifle Osteoarthritis 333Steven C. Budsberg42 Rehabilitation for Dogs with Cruciate Ligament Rupture 343Denis J. Marcellin-Little and Courtney J. ArnoldyVI Future Directions 353Introduction 353Peter Muir43 Clinical Research Design and Patient-Oriented Outcomes 355Dorothy Cimino Brown44 Total Knee Replacement in the Dog 363Matthew J. Allen, William D. Liska, and Valentina Brioschi45 Regenerative Medicine and Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair 371Gabriel S. Perrone, Martha M. Murray, and Patrick Vavken46 Disease-Modifying Medical and Cell-Based Therapy 379Susannah J. Sample and Peter MuirIndex 385