Anne M. Zajac, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVM-Parasit., is Professor in the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology at the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.Gary A. Conboy, BSc, DVM, PhD, DACVM-Parasit., is Professor in the Department of Pathobiology and Microbiology at the Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.Susan E. Little, DVM, PhD, DACVM-Parasit., is Regents Professor and the Krull-Ewing Professor in Veterinary Parasitology at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.Mason V. Reichard, MS, PhD, is Professor of Veterinary Parasitology at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.

“…the ninth edition of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology is a comprehensive and concise parasitology book with updated clinically relevant information….The updates to this edition make it well worth the price. This book will be a great microscope-side reference for any general veterinary practice.” - JAVMA | SEP 15, 2021 | VOL 259 | NO. 6

• Preface ixAcknowledgments xiAuthors xvAbout the Companion Website xviiChapter 1 Fecal Examination for the Diagnosis of Parasitism 1Collection of Fecal Samples 1Storage and Shipment of Fecal Samples 2Fecal Exam Procedures 2Fecal Flotation 3Additional Procedures for Fecal Examination 12Quality Control for Fecal Exam Procedures 15Use of the Microscope 16Microscope Calibration 16Pseudoparasites and Spurious Parasites 19Identification of Nematode Larvae Recovered with Fecal Flotation or Baermann Procedures 24Techniques for Evaluation of Strongylid Nematodes in Grazing Animals 29Fecal Culture 29Identification of Ruminant and Camelid Third-Stage Larvae 30Identification of Third-Stage Larvae of Equine Strongyles 35Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) 36Hoyer’s Solution 39Lactophenol 40Parasites of Domestic Animals 41Dogs and Cats 42Ruminants and Camelids 96Horses 126Swine 140Birds 154Rodents and Rabbits 174Reptiles 182Chapter 2 Detection of Protozoan and Helminth Parasites in the Urinary, Reproductive, and Integumentary Systems and in the Eye 191Techniques for Parasite Recovery 191Parasites of the Urinary System 191Parasites of the Reproductive Tract 192Helminth Parasites of the Integumentary System 192Parasite Detection in Urinary and Other Systems 193Chapter 3 Detection of Parasites in the Blood 207Immunologic and Molecular Detection of Blood Parasites 207Microscopic Examination of Blood for Protozoan Parasites 207Giemsa Stain 208Microscopic Examination of Blood for Nematode Parasites 209Tests for Canine Heartworm Microfilariae in Blood Samples 210Blood Parasites of Dogs and Cats 213Blood Parasites of Livestock and Horses 228Blood Parasites of Birds 234Chapter 4 Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Diagnostic Tests in Veterinary Parasitology 239Immunodiagnostic Methods in Parasitology 239Molecular Diagnostic Methods in Parasitology 243Chapter 5 Diagnosis of Arthropod Parasites 247Subclass Acari (Mites and Ticks) 247Mite Identification 247Tick Identification 278Class Insecta 300Lice (Order Phthiraptera) 300Fleas (Order Siphonaptera) 314Flies (Order Diptera) 322Other Insects 342Chapter 6 Parasites of Fish 347Techniques for Recovery of Ectoparasites 347Skin Biopsy (Mucus Smear) 348Fin Biopsy (Fin Snip) 348Gill Biopsy (Gill Snip) 348Recovery of Endoparasites 349Parasites of Fish 350Chapter 7 Treatment of Veterinary Parasites 371Introduction 371Anthelmintics 371Specific Anthelmintics 372Ectoparasiticides 375Protozoal Treatment 378Non-Traditional Treatments 379Chapter 8 Diagnostic Dilemmas 381Diagnostic Dilemma 1 381Diagnostic Dilemma 2 382Diagnostic Dilemma 3 383Diagnostic Dilemma 4 383Diagnostic Dilemma 5 384Diagnostic Dilemma 6 385Diagnostic Dilemma 7 386Bibliography 387Index 391

Anne M. Zajac, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVM-Parasit., is Professor in the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology at the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.Gary A. Conboy, BSc, DVM, PhD, DACVM-Parasit., is Professor in the Department of Pathobiology and Microbiology at the Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.Susan E. Little, DVM, PhD, DACVM-Parasit., is Regents Professor and the Krull-Ewing Professor in Veterinary Parasitology at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.Mason V. Reichard, MS, PhD, is Professor of Veterinary Parasitology at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.

“…the ninth edition of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology is a comprehensive and concise parasitology book with updated clinically relevant information….The updates to this edition make it well worth the price. This book will be a great microscope-side reference for any general veterinary practice.” - JAVMA | SEP 15, 2021 | VOL 259 | NO. 6

• Preface ixAcknowledgments xiAuthors xvAbout the Companion Website xviiChapter 1 Fecal Examination for the Diagnosis of Parasitism 1Collection of Fecal Samples 1Storage and Shipment of Fecal Samples 2Fecal Exam Procedures 2Fecal Flotation 3Additional Procedures for Fecal Examination 12Quality Control for Fecal Exam Procedures 15Use of the Microscope 16Microscope Calibration 16Pseudoparasites and Spurious Parasites 19Identification of Nematode Larvae Recovered with Fecal Flotation or Baermann Procedures 24Techniques for Evaluation of Strongylid Nematodes in Grazing Animals 29Fecal Culture 29Identification of Ruminant and Camelid Third-Stage Larvae 30Identification of Third-Stage Larvae of Equine Strongyles 35Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) 36Hoyer’s Solution 39Lactophenol 40Parasites of Domestic Animals 41Dogs and Cats 42Ruminants and Camelids 96Horses 126Swine 140Birds 154Rodents and Rabbits 174Reptiles 182Chapter 2 Detection of Protozoan and Helminth Parasites in the Urinary, Reproductive, and Integumentary Systems and in the Eye 191Techniques for Parasite Recovery 191Parasites of the Urinary System 191Parasites of the Reproductive Tract 192Helminth Parasites of the Integumentary System 192Parasite Detection in Urinary and Other Systems 193Chapter 3 Detection of Parasites in the Blood 207Immunologic and Molecular Detection of Blood Parasites 207Microscopic Examination of Blood for Protozoan Parasites 207Giemsa Stain 208Microscopic Examination of Blood for Nematode Parasites 209Tests for Canine Heartworm Microfilariae in Blood Samples 210Blood Parasites of Dogs and Cats 213Blood Parasites of Livestock and Horses 228Blood Parasites of Birds 234Chapter 4 Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Diagnostic Tests in Veterinary Parasitology 239Immunodiagnostic Methods in Parasitology 239Molecular Diagnostic Methods in Parasitology 243Chapter 5 Diagnosis of Arthropod Parasites 247Subclass Acari (Mites and Ticks) 247Mite Identification 247Tick Identification 278Class Insecta 300Lice (Order Phthiraptera) 300Fleas (Order Siphonaptera) 314Flies (Order Diptera) 322Other Insects 342Chapter 6 Parasites of Fish 347Techniques for Recovery of Ectoparasites 347Skin Biopsy (Mucus Smear) 348Fin Biopsy (Fin Snip) 348Gill Biopsy (Gill Snip) 348Recovery of Endoparasites 349Parasites of Fish 350Chapter 7 Treatment of Veterinary Parasites 371Introduction 371Anthelmintics 371Specific Anthelmintics 372Ectoparasiticides 375Protozoal Treatment 378Non-Traditional Treatments 379Chapter 8 Diagnostic Dilemmas 381Diagnostic Dilemma 1 381Diagnostic Dilemma 2 382Diagnostic Dilemma 3 383Diagnostic Dilemma 4 383Diagnostic Dilemma 5 384Diagnostic Dilemma 6 385Diagnostic Dilemma 7 386Bibliography 387Index 391

Anne M. Zajac, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVM-Parasit., is Professor in the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology at the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.Gary A. Conboy, BSc, DVM, PhD, DACVM-Parasit., is Professor in the Department of Pathobiology and Microbiology at the Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.Susan E. Little, DVM, PhD, DACVM-Parasit., is Regents Professor and the Krull-Ewing Professor in Veterinary Parasitology at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.Mason V. Reichard, MS, PhD, is Professor of Veterinary Parasitology at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.

“…the ninth edition of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology is a comprehensive and concise parasitology book with updated clinically relevant information….The updates to this edition make it well worth the price. This book will be a great microscope-side reference for any general veterinary practice.” - JAVMA | SEP 15, 2021 | VOL 259 | NO. 6

• Preface ixAcknowledgments xiAuthors xvAbout the Companion Website xviiChapter 1 Fecal Examination for the Diagnosis of Parasitism 1Collection of Fecal Samples 1Storage and Shipment of Fecal Samples 2Fecal Exam Procedures 2Fecal Flotation 3Additional Procedures for Fecal Examination 12Quality Control for Fecal Exam Procedures 15Use of the Microscope 16Microscope Calibration 16Pseudoparasites and Spurious Parasites 19Identification of Nematode Larvae Recovered with Fecal Flotation or Baermann Procedures 24Techniques for Evaluation of Strongylid Nematodes in Grazing Animals 29Fecal Culture 29Identification of Ruminant and Camelid Third-Stage Larvae 30Identification of Third-Stage Larvae of Equine Strongyles 35Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) 36Hoyer’s Solution 39Lactophenol 40Parasites of Domestic Animals 41Dogs and Cats 42Ruminants and Camelids 96Horses 126Swine 140Birds 154Rodents and Rabbits 174Reptiles 182Chapter 2 Detection of Protozoan and Helminth Parasites in the Urinary, Reproductive, and Integumentary Systems and in the Eye 191Techniques for Parasite Recovery 191Parasites of the Urinary System 191Parasites of the Reproductive Tract 192Helminth Parasites of the Integumentary System 192Parasite Detection in Urinary and Other Systems 193Chapter 3 Detection of Parasites in the Blood 207Immunologic and Molecular Detection of Blood Parasites 207Microscopic Examination of Blood for Protozoan Parasites 207Giemsa Stain 208Microscopic Examination of Blood for Nematode Parasites 209Tests for Canine Heartworm Microfilariae in Blood Samples 210Blood Parasites of Dogs and Cats 213Blood Parasites of Livestock and Horses 228Blood Parasites of Birds 234Chapter 4 Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Diagnostic Tests in Veterinary Parasitology 239Immunodiagnostic Methods in Parasitology 239Molecular Diagnostic Methods in Parasitology 243Chapter 5 Diagnosis of Arthropod Parasites 247Subclass Acari (Mites and Ticks) 247Mite Identification 247Tick Identification 278Class Insecta 300Lice (Order Phthiraptera) 300Fleas (Order Siphonaptera) 314Flies (Order Diptera) 322Other Insects 342Chapter 6 Parasites of Fish 347Techniques for Recovery of Ectoparasites 347Skin Biopsy (Mucus Smear) 348Fin Biopsy (Fin Snip) 348Gill Biopsy (Gill Snip) 348Recovery of Endoparasites 349Parasites of Fish 350Chapter 7 Treatment of Veterinary Parasites 371Introduction 371Anthelmintics 371Specific Anthelmintics 372Ectoparasiticides 375Protozoal Treatment 378Non-Traditional Treatments 379Chapter 8 Diagnostic Dilemmas 381Diagnostic Dilemma 1 381Diagnostic Dilemma 2 382Diagnostic Dilemma 3 383Diagnostic Dilemma 4 383Diagnostic Dilemma 5 384Diagnostic Dilemma 6 385Diagnostic Dilemma 7 386Bibliography 387Index 391