Antonio Sánchez works in one of the largest multinational telecommunications operator (Europe and Americas), and is an Honorary Collaborator at the University of Valladolid, Spain. He earned his MSc in Telecommunications Engineering and PhD in Telecommunications from the University of Valladolid. Dr. Sánchez is an IEEE Senior Member, and editor of IEEE Communications Magazine. Belén Carro is an Associate Professor at the University of Valladolid, Spain, as well as the Director of Communication Services and Networks research group. She earned her MSc in Telecommunications Engineering and PhD in Telecommunications from the University of Valladolid. She has been guest editor for IEEE Network, IEEE Wireless Communications, and IEEE Communications Magazine.

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• Foreword xiVinton G. CerfPreface xiiiAcknowledgments xvList of Contributors xvii1. The Evolving Voice Services: From Circuit Switching to Voice-Over LTE/FTTH) 11.1 Customer Need: Remote Communication 11.2 FTTH Voice 21.3 Voice-Over LTE (VoLTE) 21.4 Voice-Over WiFi 41.5 High-Definition (HD) Voice 51.6 Over-the-Top Substitutes 52. Internet Services: From Broadband to Ultrabroadband 92.1 Customer Need: Connectivity and Social Inclusion 102.2 Fixed Lines: Deploying Fiber Closer to Customer Premises: xDSL, Cable, FTTH 112.3 Mobile: 4G LTE/LTE-Advanced 192.4 WiFi AC (Gigabit) 232.5 Universal Access 233. Convergence: Bundling Fixed Line and Mobile Services 313.1 Customer Need: One-Stop Shop 313.2 Fixed Line and Mobile Service Bundles 313.3 Integrated Operators 324. Devices: Smartphones 374.1 Customer Need: Mobility 374.2 Vendors 384.3 Operating System Duopoly 394.4 Hardware Specifications 405. The Evolving Pay TV 51Francisco Saez and Joaquín M. Lopez Muñoz5.1 Customer Need: Entertainment 515.2 Content Wars 535.3 Aggregation versus Diversity 565.4 The Role of Advertising 575.5 Technology: Satellite, Cable, and IPTV 585.6 Pay TV Technicall Key Components 585.7 Evolution of Interactive Pay TV Technologies 605.8 Video Definition 646. Enterprise: From Machine-to-Machine Connectivity Toward Internet of Things 696.1 Customer Need: Remote Automation 706.2 Basic Connectivity and Managed Connectivity 716.3 Low-Power Wide Area: LTE-MTC and Alternatives 776.4 Applications: Toward Internet of Things 867. IT: Cloud 103Stefan Wesner7.1 Global Trends Driving the Cloud Evolution 1047.2 Virtualization as Enabling Technology 1057.3 The Layered Cloud Model 1067.4 Advanced Cloud Models 1117.5 Future Cloud Models 1137.6 Conclusion and Summary 1158. Emerging Markets: Mobile Money for the Unbanked 1178.1 Customer Need: Remote Payments 1178.2 Large Unbanked Population in Emerging Markets 1188.3 Very High Penetration of Mobile Based on Feature Phones 1298.4 Services: Remittances and Payments 1379. Value-Added Consumer Services 143Jesus Llamazares Alberola9.1 Introduction 1439.2 Disruption is the New “Karma” 1439.3 Adjacent Industries Joining Multilayered Value Chain 1459.4 Telco’s Role and Challenges in the New Paradigm 1469.5 But What do we Understand by VAS Today? 1489.6 So What’s the Future for VAS and, Thus, for Telcos? 15210. Mobile Virtual Network Operators/Second Brands 155Jaime Bustillo10.1 From Oligopoly to Marketplace 15610.2 MVNO Ecosystem: End Customer Facing or MVNOs 15710.3 MVNO Ecosystem: Technology Enablers, MVNE, and MVNA 16011. Digital Home 16311.1 Introduction to Home Automation 16311.2 Evolution to Digital Home 16511.3 Home Automation: Control Network 17011.4 Digital Home Networks 17912. Videoconference and Telework 18512.1 Customer Need: Teletransport 18512.2 Videoconference 18612.3 Telework 195Index 205

Antonio Sánchez works in one of the largest multinational telecommunications operator (Europe and Americas), and is an Honorary Collaborator at the University of Valladolid, Spain. He earned his MSc in Telecommunications Engineering and PhD in Telecommunications from the University of Valladolid. Dr. Sánchez is an IEEE Senior Member, and editor of IEEE Communications Magazine. Belén Carro is an Associate Professor at the University of Valladolid, Spain, as well as the Director of Communication Services and Networks research group. She earned her MSc in Telecommunications Engineering and PhD in Telecommunications from the University of Valladolid. She has been guest editor for IEEE Network, IEEE Wireless Communications, and IEEE Communications Magazine.

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• Foreword xiVinton G. CerfPreface xiiiAcknowledgments xvList of Contributors xvii1. The Evolving Voice Services: From Circuit Switching to Voice-Over LTE/FTTH) 11.1 Customer Need: Remote Communication 11.2 FTTH Voice 21.3 Voice-Over LTE (VoLTE) 21.4 Voice-Over WiFi 41.5 High-Definition (HD) Voice 51.6 Over-the-Top Substitutes 52. Internet Services: From Broadband to Ultrabroadband 92.1 Customer Need: Connectivity and Social Inclusion 102.2 Fixed Lines: Deploying Fiber Closer to Customer Premises: xDSL, Cable, FTTH 112.3 Mobile: 4G LTE/LTE-Advanced 192.4 WiFi AC (Gigabit) 232.5 Universal Access 233. Convergence: Bundling Fixed Line and Mobile Services 313.1 Customer Need: One-Stop Shop 313.2 Fixed Line and Mobile Service Bundles 313.3 Integrated Operators 324. Devices: Smartphones 374.1 Customer Need: Mobility 374.2 Vendors 384.3 Operating System Duopoly 394.4 Hardware Specifications 405. The Evolving Pay TV 51Francisco Saez and Joaquín M. Lopez Muñoz5.1 Customer Need: Entertainment 515.2 Content Wars 535.3 Aggregation versus Diversity 565.4 The Role of Advertising 575.5 Technology: Satellite, Cable, and IPTV 585.6 Pay TV Technicall Key Components 585.7 Evolution of Interactive Pay TV Technologies 605.8 Video Definition 646. Enterprise: From Machine-to-Machine Connectivity Toward Internet of Things 696.1 Customer Need: Remote Automation 706.2 Basic Connectivity and Managed Connectivity 716.3 Low-Power Wide Area: LTE-MTC and Alternatives 776.4 Applications: Toward Internet of Things 867. IT: Cloud 103Stefan Wesner7.1 Global Trends Driving the Cloud Evolution 1047.2 Virtualization as Enabling Technology 1057.3 The Layered Cloud Model 1067.4 Advanced Cloud Models 1117.5 Future Cloud Models 1137.6 Conclusion and Summary 1158. Emerging Markets: Mobile Money for the Unbanked 1178.1 Customer Need: Remote Payments 1178.2 Large Unbanked Population in Emerging Markets 1188.3 Very High Penetration of Mobile Based on Feature Phones 1298.4 Services: Remittances and Payments 1379. Value-Added Consumer Services 143Jesus Llamazares Alberola9.1 Introduction 1439.2 Disruption is the New “Karma” 1439.3 Adjacent Industries Joining Multilayered Value Chain 1459.4 Telco’s Role and Challenges in the New Paradigm 1469.5 But What do we Understand by VAS Today? 1489.6 So What’s the Future for VAS and, Thus, for Telcos? 15210. Mobile Virtual Network Operators/Second Brands 155Jaime Bustillo10.1 From Oligopoly to Marketplace 15610.2 MVNO Ecosystem: End Customer Facing or MVNOs 15710.3 MVNO Ecosystem: Technology Enablers, MVNE, and MVNA 16011. Digital Home 16311.1 Introduction to Home Automation 16311.2 Evolution to Digital Home 16511.3 Home Automation: Control Network 17011.4 Digital Home Networks 17912. Videoconference and Telework 18512.1 Customer Need: Teletransport 18512.2 Videoconference 18612.3 Telework 195Index 205

Antonio Sánchez works in one of the largest multinational telecommunications operator (Europe and Americas), and is an Honorary Collaborator at the University of Valladolid, Spain. He earned his MSc in Telecommunications Engineering and PhD in Telecommunications from the University of Valladolid. Dr. Sánchez is an IEEE Senior Member, and editor of IEEE Communications Magazine. Belén Carro is an Associate Professor at the University of Valladolid, Spain, as well as the Director of Communication Services and Networks research group. She earned her MSc in Telecommunications Engineering and PhD in Telecommunications from the University of Valladolid. She has been guest editor for IEEE Network, IEEE Wireless Communications, and IEEE Communications Magazine.

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• Foreword xiVinton G. CerfPreface xiiiAcknowledgments xvList of Contributors xvii1. The Evolving Voice Services: From Circuit Switching to Voice-Over LTE/FTTH) 11.1 Customer Need: Remote Communication 11.2 FTTH Voice 21.3 Voice-Over LTE (VoLTE) 21.4 Voice-Over WiFi 41.5 High-Definition (HD) Voice 51.6 Over-the-Top Substitutes 52. Internet Services: From Broadband to Ultrabroadband 92.1 Customer Need: Connectivity and Social Inclusion 102.2 Fixed Lines: Deploying Fiber Closer to Customer Premises: xDSL, Cable, FTTH 112.3 Mobile: 4G LTE/LTE-Advanced 192.4 WiFi AC (Gigabit) 232.5 Universal Access 233. Convergence: Bundling Fixed Line and Mobile Services 313.1 Customer Need: One-Stop Shop 313.2 Fixed Line and Mobile Service Bundles 313.3 Integrated Operators 324. Devices: Smartphones 374.1 Customer Need: Mobility 374.2 Vendors 384.3 Operating System Duopoly 394.4 Hardware Specifications 405. The Evolving Pay TV 51Francisco Saez and Joaquín M. Lopez Muñoz5.1 Customer Need: Entertainment 515.2 Content Wars 535.3 Aggregation versus Diversity 565.4 The Role of Advertising 575.5 Technology: Satellite, Cable, and IPTV 585.6 Pay TV Technicall Key Components 585.7 Evolution of Interactive Pay TV Technologies 605.8 Video Definition 646. Enterprise: From Machine-to-Machine Connectivity Toward Internet of Things 696.1 Customer Need: Remote Automation 706.2 Basic Connectivity and Managed Connectivity 716.3 Low-Power Wide Area: LTE-MTC and Alternatives 776.4 Applications: Toward Internet of Things 867. IT: Cloud 103Stefan Wesner7.1 Global Trends Driving the Cloud Evolution 1047.2 Virtualization as Enabling Technology 1057.3 The Layered Cloud Model 1067.4 Advanced Cloud Models 1117.5 Future Cloud Models 1137.6 Conclusion and Summary 1158. Emerging Markets: Mobile Money for the Unbanked 1178.1 Customer Need: Remote Payments 1178.2 Large Unbanked Population in Emerging Markets 1188.3 Very High Penetration of Mobile Based on Feature Phones 1298.4 Services: Remittances and Payments 1379. Value-Added Consumer Services 143Jesus Llamazares Alberola9.1 Introduction 1439.2 Disruption is the New “Karma” 1439.3 Adjacent Industries Joining Multilayered Value Chain 1459.4 Telco’s Role and Challenges in the New Paradigm 1469.5 But What do we Understand by VAS Today? 1489.6 So What’s the Future for VAS and, Thus, for Telcos? 15210. Mobile Virtual Network Operators/Second Brands 155Jaime Bustillo10.1 From Oligopoly to Marketplace 15610.2 MVNO Ecosystem: End Customer Facing or MVNOs 15710.3 MVNO Ecosystem: Technology Enablers, MVNE, and MVNA 16011. Digital Home 16311.1 Introduction to Home Automation 16311.2 Evolution to Digital Home 16511.3 Home Automation: Control Network 17011.4 Digital Home Networks 17912. Videoconference and Telework 18512.1 Customer Need: Teletransport 18512.2 Videoconference 18612.3 Telework 195Index 205