PIETER DE WILDE is Professor of Building Performance Analysis at Plymouth University, UK. His research interests are the design, construction and operation of buildings that perform as expected by all stakeholders. Educated at TU Delft in the Netherlands, he has over 20 years of experience with research projects that involve both building performance simulation and building monitoring. He serves on the Board of the International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA) and the European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering (EG-ICE). Professor de Wilde is Fellow of IBPSA and CIBSE, and member of ASHRAE.

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• Endorsement by IBPSA ixForeword xiPreface xiiiAcknowledgements xvEndorsements xvii1 Introduction 11.1 Building Performance: Framing, Key Terms and Definition 71.2 Performance in the Building Domain 141.2.1 Development of the Notion of Building Performance 151.2.2 History of Building Codes, Regulations and Rating Schemes 231.2.3 Selected Recent Developments in Building Performance 281.3 Outline of the Book 341.4 Reflections on Building Performance Analysis 371.5 Summary 381.6 Key References 41Part I Foundation 432 Building Performance in Context 452.1 Building Life Cycle 472.2 Stakeholders 502.3 Building Systems 542.4 Building Performance Challenges 582.5 Building Performance Context in Current Practice 642.6 Reflections on the Complexity of the Context 672.7 Summary 682.8 Key References 703 Needs, Functions and Requirements 733.1 Requirement Specification 753.2 Requirement Types 833.3 Functional Requirements 863.4 Building Functions 903.5 Stakeholder World Views 963.6 Building Performance Requirements 993.7 Building Needs, Functions and Requirements in Current Practice 1053.8 Reflections on Building Performance Requirements 1093.9 Summary 1113.10 Key References 114Part II Assessment 1174 Fundamentals of Building Performance 1194.1 Performance: The Interface between Requirements and Systems 1234.2 Quantifying Performance 1284.3 Experimentation and Measurement 1344.4 Building Performance Metrics, Indicators and Measures 1404.4.1 Performance Metrics 1414.4.2 Performance Indicators 1444.4.3 Performance Measures 1544.5 Handling and Combining Building Performance 1574.6 Signs of Performance Issues 1594.7 Building Performance in Current Practice 1614.8 Reflections on Working with Building Performance 1644.9 Summary 1654.10 Key References 1685 Performance Criteria 1715.1 Goals, Targets and Ambitions 1745.2 Benchmarks and Baselines 1825.3 Constraints, Thresholds and Limits 1895.4 Performance Categories and Bands 1945.5 Criteria in Current Practice 1965.6 Reflections on Performance Criteria 1985.7 Summary 1995.8 Key References 2026 Performance Quantification 2056.1 Physical Measurement 2086.1.1 Selected Physical Measurements and Tests 2096.1.2 Standards for Physical Measurement 2286.2 Building Performance Simulation 2346.2.1 Selected Building Simulation Tool Categories 2396.2.2 Validation, Verification and Calibration 2596.3 Expert Judgment 2626.4 Stakeholder Evaluation 2676.5 Measurement of Construction Process Performance 2716.6 Building Performance Quantification in Current Practice 2736.7 Reflections on Quantification Methods 2756.8 Summary 2766.9 Key References 2797 Working with Building Performance 2837.1 Examples: Selected Building Performance Analysis Cases 2857.2 Criterion Development 2937.3 Tool and Instrument Configuration 3107.4 Iterative Analysis 3137.5 Building Performance Analysis in Current Practice 3147.6 Reflections on Working with Building Performance 3187.7 Summary 3197.8 Key References 321Part III Impact 3238 Design and Construction for Performance 3258.1 Performance‐ Based Design 3288.2 Performance‐ Based Design Decisions 3438.2.1 Normative Decision Methods 3508.2.2 Naturalistic Decision Making 3538.2.3 Decision‐Making Challenges 3558.3 Tools for Performance‐Based Design 3568.4 Performance Visualization and Communication 3698.5 Construction for Performance 3748.6 Design and Construction for Performance Challenges 3778.7 Reflections on Designing for Performance 3798.8 Summary 3818.9 Key References 3839 Building Operation, Control and Management 3879.1 Building Performance Management and Control 3909.1.1 Building Automation Systems 3939.1.2 Model‐Based Predictive Control 3979.2 Performance Monitoring 3989.2.1 Specialized Monitoring Techniques 4059.2.2 International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol 4079.3 Fault Detection and Diagnostics 4089.4 Performance Service Companies and Contracts 4139.5 Building Operation, Control and Management Challenges 4179.6 Reflections on Building Automation and Monitoring 4199.7 Summary 4209.8 Key References 42210 High Performance Buildings 42510.1 Existing Definitions for High Performance Buildings 42710.2 Emerging Technologies 43110.3 Smart and Intelligent Buildings 43510.4 High Performance Building Challenges 43710.5 Reflection: A Novel Definition for High Performance Buildings 44010.6 Summary 44210.7 Key References 444Epilogue 44711 Emergent Theory of Building Performance Analysis 44911.1 Observations, Explanations, Principles and Hypotheses 44911.2 Suggested Guidelines for Building Performance Analysis 46011.2.1 Building Performance Analysis During Design 46011.2.2 Building Performance Analysis During Operation 46211.2.3 Building Performance Analysis in Research 46311.3 Future Challenges 46311.4 Closure 465Appendix A: Overview of Building Performance Aspects 467Appendix B: Criterion Development Template 471Appendix C: Tool/Instrument Configuration Checklist 473Appendix D: Measurement Instruments 477Glossary 481Building Performance Abbreviations 487Generic Abbreviations 489List of Figures and Tables 493Symbols and Units 497About the Author 501References: Longlist and Secondary Sources 503Index 589

PIETER DE WILDE is Professor of Building Performance Analysis at Plymouth University, UK. His research interests are the design, construction and operation of buildings that perform as expected by all stakeholders. Educated at TU Delft in the Netherlands, he has over 20 years of experience with research projects that involve both building performance simulation and building monitoring. He serves on the Board of the International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA) and the European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering (EG-ICE). Professor de Wilde is Fellow of IBPSA and CIBSE, and member of ASHRAE.

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• Endorsement by IBPSA ixForeword xiPreface xiiiAcknowledgements xvEndorsements xvii1 Introduction 11.1 Building Performance: Framing, Key Terms and Definition 71.2 Performance in the Building Domain 141.2.1 Development of the Notion of Building Performance 151.2.2 History of Building Codes, Regulations and Rating Schemes 231.2.3 Selected Recent Developments in Building Performance 281.3 Outline of the Book 341.4 Reflections on Building Performance Analysis 371.5 Summary 381.6 Key References 41Part I Foundation 432 Building Performance in Context 452.1 Building Life Cycle 472.2 Stakeholders 502.3 Building Systems 542.4 Building Performance Challenges 582.5 Building Performance Context in Current Practice 642.6 Reflections on the Complexity of the Context 672.7 Summary 682.8 Key References 703 Needs, Functions and Requirements 733.1 Requirement Specification 753.2 Requirement Types 833.3 Functional Requirements 863.4 Building Functions 903.5 Stakeholder World Views 963.6 Building Performance Requirements 993.7 Building Needs, Functions and Requirements in Current Practice 1053.8 Reflections on Building Performance Requirements 1093.9 Summary 1113.10 Key References 114Part II Assessment 1174 Fundamentals of Building Performance 1194.1 Performance: The Interface between Requirements and Systems 1234.2 Quantifying Performance 1284.3 Experimentation and Measurement 1344.4 Building Performance Metrics, Indicators and Measures 1404.4.1 Performance Metrics 1414.4.2 Performance Indicators 1444.4.3 Performance Measures 1544.5 Handling and Combining Building Performance 1574.6 Signs of Performance Issues 1594.7 Building Performance in Current Practice 1614.8 Reflections on Working with Building Performance 1644.9 Summary 1654.10 Key References 1685 Performance Criteria 1715.1 Goals, Targets and Ambitions 1745.2 Benchmarks and Baselines 1825.3 Constraints, Thresholds and Limits 1895.4 Performance Categories and Bands 1945.5 Criteria in Current Practice 1965.6 Reflections on Performance Criteria 1985.7 Summary 1995.8 Key References 2026 Performance Quantification 2056.1 Physical Measurement 2086.1.1 Selected Physical Measurements and Tests 2096.1.2 Standards for Physical Measurement 2286.2 Building Performance Simulation 2346.2.1 Selected Building Simulation Tool Categories 2396.2.2 Validation, Verification and Calibration 2596.3 Expert Judgment 2626.4 Stakeholder Evaluation 2676.5 Measurement of Construction Process Performance 2716.6 Building Performance Quantification in Current Practice 2736.7 Reflections on Quantification Methods 2756.8 Summary 2766.9 Key References 2797 Working with Building Performance 2837.1 Examples: Selected Building Performance Analysis Cases 2857.2 Criterion Development 2937.3 Tool and Instrument Configuration 3107.4 Iterative Analysis 3137.5 Building Performance Analysis in Current Practice 3147.6 Reflections on Working with Building Performance 3187.7 Summary 3197.8 Key References 321Part III Impact 3238 Design and Construction for Performance 3258.1 Performance‐ Based Design 3288.2 Performance‐ Based Design Decisions 3438.2.1 Normative Decision Methods 3508.2.2 Naturalistic Decision Making 3538.2.3 Decision‐Making Challenges 3558.3 Tools for Performance‐Based Design 3568.4 Performance Visualization and Communication 3698.5 Construction for Performance 3748.6 Design and Construction for Performance Challenges 3778.7 Reflections on Designing for Performance 3798.8 Summary 3818.9 Key References 3839 Building Operation, Control and Management 3879.1 Building Performance Management and Control 3909.1.1 Building Automation Systems 3939.1.2 Model‐Based Predictive Control 3979.2 Performance Monitoring 3989.2.1 Specialized Monitoring Techniques 4059.2.2 International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol 4079.3 Fault Detection and Diagnostics 4089.4 Performance Service Companies and Contracts 4139.5 Building Operation, Control and Management Challenges 4179.6 Reflections on Building Automation and Monitoring 4199.7 Summary 4209.8 Key References 42210 High Performance Buildings 42510.1 Existing Definitions for High Performance Buildings 42710.2 Emerging Technologies 43110.3 Smart and Intelligent Buildings 43510.4 High Performance Building Challenges 43710.5 Reflection: A Novel Definition for High Performance Buildings 44010.6 Summary 44210.7 Key References 444Epilogue 44711 Emergent Theory of Building Performance Analysis 44911.1 Observations, Explanations, Principles and Hypotheses 44911.2 Suggested Guidelines for Building Performance Analysis 46011.2.1 Building Performance Analysis During Design 46011.2.2 Building Performance Analysis During Operation 46211.2.3 Building Performance Analysis in Research 46311.3 Future Challenges 46311.4 Closure 465Appendix A: Overview of Building Performance Aspects 467Appendix B: Criterion Development Template 471Appendix C: Tool/Instrument Configuration Checklist 473Appendix D: Measurement Instruments 477Glossary 481Building Performance Abbreviations 487Generic Abbreviations 489List of Figures and Tables 493Symbols and Units 497About the Author 501References: Longlist and Secondary Sources 503Index 589

PIETER DE WILDE is Professor of Building Performance Analysis at Plymouth University, UK. His research interests are the design, construction and operation of buildings that perform as expected by all stakeholders. Educated at TU Delft in the Netherlands, he has over 20 years of experience with research projects that involve both building performance simulation and building monitoring. He serves on the Board of the International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA) and the European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering (EG-ICE). Professor de Wilde is Fellow of IBPSA and CIBSE, and member of ASHRAE.

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• Endorsement by IBPSA ixForeword xiPreface xiiiAcknowledgements xvEndorsements xvii1 Introduction 11.1 Building Performance: Framing, Key Terms and Definition 71.2 Performance in the Building Domain 141.2.1 Development of the Notion of Building Performance 151.2.2 History of Building Codes, Regulations and Rating Schemes 231.2.3 Selected Recent Developments in Building Performance 281.3 Outline of the Book 341.4 Reflections on Building Performance Analysis 371.5 Summary 381.6 Key References 41Part I Foundation 432 Building Performance in Context 452.1 Building Life Cycle 472.2 Stakeholders 502.3 Building Systems 542.4 Building Performance Challenges 582.5 Building Performance Context in Current Practice 642.6 Reflections on the Complexity of the Context 672.7 Summary 682.8 Key References 703 Needs, Functions and Requirements 733.1 Requirement Specification 753.2 Requirement Types 833.3 Functional Requirements 863.4 Building Functions 903.5 Stakeholder World Views 963.6 Building Performance Requirements 993.7 Building Needs, Functions and Requirements in Current Practice 1053.8 Reflections on Building Performance Requirements 1093.9 Summary 1113.10 Key References 114Part II Assessment 1174 Fundamentals of Building Performance 1194.1 Performance: The Interface between Requirements and Systems 1234.2 Quantifying Performance 1284.3 Experimentation and Measurement 1344.4 Building Performance Metrics, Indicators and Measures 1404.4.1 Performance Metrics 1414.4.2 Performance Indicators 1444.4.3 Performance Measures 1544.5 Handling and Combining Building Performance 1574.6 Signs of Performance Issues 1594.7 Building Performance in Current Practice 1614.8 Reflections on Working with Building Performance 1644.9 Summary 1654.10 Key References 1685 Performance Criteria 1715.1 Goals, Targets and Ambitions 1745.2 Benchmarks and Baselines 1825.3 Constraints, Thresholds and Limits 1895.4 Performance Categories and Bands 1945.5 Criteria in Current Practice 1965.6 Reflections on Performance Criteria 1985.7 Summary 1995.8 Key References 2026 Performance Quantification 2056.1 Physical Measurement 2086.1.1 Selected Physical Measurements and Tests 2096.1.2 Standards for Physical Measurement 2286.2 Building Performance Simulation 2346.2.1 Selected Building Simulation Tool Categories 2396.2.2 Validation, Verification and Calibration 2596.3 Expert Judgment 2626.4 Stakeholder Evaluation 2676.5 Measurement of Construction Process Performance 2716.6 Building Performance Quantification in Current Practice 2736.7 Reflections on Quantification Methods 2756.8 Summary 2766.9 Key References 2797 Working with Building Performance 2837.1 Examples: Selected Building Performance Analysis Cases 2857.2 Criterion Development 2937.3 Tool and Instrument Configuration 3107.4 Iterative Analysis 3137.5 Building Performance Analysis in Current Practice 3147.6 Reflections on Working with Building Performance 3187.7 Summary 3197.8 Key References 321Part III Impact 3238 Design and Construction for Performance 3258.1 Performance‐ Based Design 3288.2 Performance‐ Based Design Decisions 3438.2.1 Normative Decision Methods 3508.2.2 Naturalistic Decision Making 3538.2.3 Decision‐Making Challenges 3558.3 Tools for Performance‐Based Design 3568.4 Performance Visualization and Communication 3698.5 Construction for Performance 3748.6 Design and Construction for Performance Challenges 3778.7 Reflections on Designing for Performance 3798.8 Summary 3818.9 Key References 3839 Building Operation, Control and Management 3879.1 Building Performance Management and Control 3909.1.1 Building Automation Systems 3939.1.2 Model‐Based Predictive Control 3979.2 Performance Monitoring 3989.2.1 Specialized Monitoring Techniques 4059.2.2 International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol 4079.3 Fault Detection and Diagnostics 4089.4 Performance Service Companies and Contracts 4139.5 Building Operation, Control and Management Challenges 4179.6 Reflections on Building Automation and Monitoring 4199.7 Summary 4209.8 Key References 42210 High Performance Buildings 42510.1 Existing Definitions for High Performance Buildings 42710.2 Emerging Technologies 43110.3 Smart and Intelligent Buildings 43510.4 High Performance Building Challenges 43710.5 Reflection: A Novel Definition for High Performance Buildings 44010.6 Summary 44210.7 Key References 444Epilogue 44711 Emergent Theory of Building Performance Analysis 44911.1 Observations, Explanations, Principles and Hypotheses 44911.2 Suggested Guidelines for Building Performance Analysis 46011.2.1 Building Performance Analysis During Design 46011.2.2 Building Performance Analysis During Operation 46211.2.3 Building Performance Analysis in Research 46311.3 Future Challenges 46311.4 Closure 465Appendix A: Overview of Building Performance Aspects 467Appendix B: Criterion Development Template 471Appendix C: Tool/Instrument Configuration Checklist 473Appendix D: Measurement Instruments 477Glossary 481Building Performance Abbreviations 487Generic Abbreviations 489List of Figures and Tables 493Symbols and Units 497About the Author 501References: Longlist and Secondary Sources 503Index 589