Cutting-Edge Technology for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage

Karine Ballerat-Busserolles, PhD, is Research Engineer at CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) in France since 2000 and Research Associate at Mines Paristech PSL since 2016. Dr. Ballerat-Busserolles holds doctoral degrees and HDR (habilitation to direct research) in Physical Chemistry and in Thermodynamics from the Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Her main activities concern the physico-chemical understanding of gas dissolution in liquid media from an experimental point of view. She is the author and co-author of 3 book chapters and more than 30 publication and 50 presentations. Ying Wu is currently the President of Sphere Technology Connection Ltd. (STC) in Calgary, Canada. From 1983 to 1999 she was an Assistant Professor and Researcher at Southwest Petroleum Institute (now Southwest Petroleum University, SWPU) in Sichuan, China. She received her MSc in Petroleum Engineering from the SWPU and her BSc in Petroleum Engineering from Daqing Petroleum University in Heilongjiang, China. John J. Carroll, PhD, PEng is the Director, Research and Technology for Gas Liquids Engineering, Ltd. in Calgary, Canada. Dr. Carroll holds bachelor and doctoral degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, and is a registered professional engineer in the provinces of Alberta and New Brunswick in Canada. His first book, Natural Gas Hydrates: A Guide for Engineers, is now in its third edition, and he is the author or co-author of 50 technical publications and about 40 technical presentations.

• Preface xvIntroduction xviiPart I: Carbon Capture and Storage 11 Carbon Capture Storage Monitoring (“CCSM”) 3E.D. Rode, L.A. Schaerer, Stephen A. Marinello and G. v. Hantelmann1.1 Introduction 41.2 State of the Art Practice 51.3 Marmot’s CCSM Technology 61.4 Principles of Information Analysis 101.5 Operating Method 121.6 Instrumentation and Set up 14Abbreviations 16References 162 Key Technologies of Carbon Dioxide Flooding and Storage in China 19Hao Mingqiang and Hu Yongle2.1 Background 202.2 Key Technologies of Carbon dioxide Flooding and Storage 212.2.1 CO2 Miscible Flooding Theory in Continental Sedimentary Reservoirs 212.2.2 The Storage Mechanism of CO2 in Reservoirs and Salt Water Layers 222.2.3 Reservoir Engineering Technology of CO2 Flooding and Storage 222.2.4 High Efficiency Technology of Injection and Production for CO2 Flooding 232.2.5 CO2 Long-Distance Pipeline Transportation and Supercritical Injection Technology 232.2.6 Fluid Treatment and Circulating Gas Injection Technology of CO2 Flooding 242.2.7 Reservoir Monitoring and Dynamic Analysis and Evaluation Technology of CO2 Flooding 242.3 Existing Problems and Technical Development Direction 252.3.1 The Vital Communal Troubles & Challenges 252.3.2 Further Orientation of Technology Development 253 Mapping CCUS Technological Trajectories and Business Models: The Case of CO2-Dissolved 27X. Galiègue, A. Laude and N. Béfort3.1 Introduction 273.2 CCS and Roadmaps: From Expectations to Reality ... 293.3 CCS Project Portfolio: Between Diversity and Replication 303.3.1 Demonstration Process: Between Diversity and Replication 303.3.2 Diversity of the Current Project Portfolio 323.4 Going Beyond EOR: Other Business Models for Storage? 363.4.1 The EOR Legacy 363.4.2 From EOR to a CCS Wide-Scale Deployment 373.5 Coupling CCS and Geothermal Energy: Lessons from the CO2-DISSOLVED Project Study 393.5.1 CO2-DISSOLVED Concept 393.5.2 Techno-Economic Analysis of CO2-DISSOLVED 413.5.3 Business Models and the Replication/Diversity Dilemma 423.6 Conclusion 42Acknowledgements 43References 434 Feasibility of Ex-Situ Dissolution for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration 47Yuri Leonenko4.1 Introduction 474.2 Methods to Accelerate Dissolution 504.2.1 In-situ 504.2.2 Ex-situ 524.3 Discussion and Conclusions 56Acknowledgments 57References 57Part II: EOR 595 CO2 Gas Injection as an EOR Technique – Phase Behavior Considerations 61Henrik Sørensen and Jawad Azeem Shaikh5.1 Introduction 615.2 Features of CO2 625.3 Miscible CO2 Drive 635.4 Immiscible CO2 Drives and Density Effects 685.5 Asphaltene Precipitation Caused by Gas Injection 725.6 Gas Revaporization as EOR Technique 755.7 Conclusions 76List of Symbols 76References 77Appendix A Reservoir Fluid Compositions and Key Property Data 786 Study on Storage Mechanisms in CO2 Flooding for Water-Flooded Abandoned Reservoirs 83Rui Wang, Chengyuan Lv, Yongqiang Tang, Shuxia Zhao, Zengmin Lun and Maolei Cui6.1 Introduction 836.2 CO2 Solubility in Coexistence of Crude Oil and Brine 856.3 Mineral Dissolution Effect 886.4 Relative Permeability Hysteresis 906.5 Effect of CO2 Storage Mechanisms on CO2 Flooding 926.6 Conclusions 93References 937 The Investigation on the Key Hydrocarbons of Crude Oil Swelling via Supercritical CO2 95Haishui Han, Shi Li, Xinglong Chen, Ke Zhang, Hongwei Yu and Zemin Ji7.1 Introduction 967.2 Hydrocarbon Selection 977.3 Experiment Section 977.3.1 Principle 977.3.2 Apparatus and Samples 997.3.3 Experimental Scheme Design 1007.3.4 Procedures 1007.4 Results and Discussion 1017.4.1 Results and Data Processing 1017.4.2 Volume Swelling Influenced by the Hydrocarbon Property 1037.4.3 A New Parameter of Molar Density for Evaluating Hydrocarbon Volume Swelling 1047.4.4 Advantageous Hydrocarbons 1057.5 Conclusions 109Acknowledgments 109Nomenclature 109References 1108 Pore-Scale Mechanisms of Enhanced Oil Recovery by CO2 Injection in Low-Permeability Heterogeneous Reservoir 113Ze-min Ji, Shi Li and Xing-long Chen8.1 Introduction 1148.2 Experimental Device and Samples 1148.3 Experimental Procedure 1158.3.1 Experimental Results 1178.4 Quantitative Analysis of Oil Recovery in Different Scale Pores 1188.5 Conclusions 120Acknowledgments 120References 120Part III: Data – Experimental and Correlation 1239 Experimental Measurement of CO2 Solubility in a 1 mol/kgw CaCl2 Solution at Temperature from 323.15 to 423.15 K and Pressure up to 20 MPa 125M. Poulain, H. Messabeb, F. Contamine, P. Cézac, J.P. Serin, J.C. Dupin and H. Martinez9.1 Introduction 1259.2 Literature Review 1269.3 Experimental Section 1279.3.1 Chemicals 1279.3.2 Apparatus 1289.3.3 Operating Procedure 1289.3.4 Analysis 1299.4 Results and Discussion 1309.5 Conclusion 130Acknowledgments 132References 13210 Determination of Dry-Ice Formation during the Depressurization of a CO2 Re-Injection System 135J.A. Feliu, M. Manzulli and M.A. Alós10.1 Introduction 13610.2 Thermodynamics 13710.3 Case Study 13910.3.1 System Description 13910.3.2 Objectives 14110.3.3 Scenarios 14110.3.4 Simulation Runs Conclusions 14510.4 Conclusions 14611 Phase Equilibrium Properties Aspects of CO2 and Acid Gases Transportation 147A. Chapoy, and C. Coquelet11.1 Introduction 14811.1.1 State of the Art and Phase Diagrams 15011.2 Experimental Work and Description of Experimental Setup 15111.3 Models and Correlation Useful for the Determination of Equilibrium Properties 15711.4 Presentation of Some Results 15911.5 Conclusion 165Acknowledgments 166References 16612 Thermodynamic Aspects for Acid Gas Removal from Natural Gas 169Tianyuan Wang, Elise El Ahmar and Christophe Coquelet12.1 Introduction 16912.2 Thermodynamic Models 17112.3 Results and Discussion 17312.3.1 Hydrocarbons and Mercaptans Solubilities in Aqueous Alkanolamine Solution 17312.3.2 Acid Gases (CO2/H2S) Solubilities in Aqueous Alkanolamine Solution 17412.3.3 Multi-component Systems Containing CO2-H2S-Alkanolamine-Water-Methane-Mercaptan 17712.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 178Acknowledgements 179References 17913 Speed of Sound Measurements for a CO2 Rich Mixture 181P. Ahmadi and A. Chapoy13.1 Experimental Section 18213.1.1 Material 18213.1.2 Experimental Setup 18213.2 Results and Discussion 18313.3 Conclusion 184References 18514 Mutual Solubility of Water and Natural Gas with Different CO2 Content 187H.M. Tu, P. Guo, J.F. Du, Shao-fei Wang, Ya-ling Zhang, Yan-kui Jiao and Zhou-hua Wang14.1 Introduction 18814.2 Experimental 19014.2.1 Materials 19014.2.2 Experimental Apparatus 19014.2.3 Experimental Procedures 19214.3 Thermodynamic Model 19314.3.1 The Cubic-Plus-Association Equation of State 19314.3.2 Parameterization of the Model 19514.4 Results and Discussion 19614.4.1 Phase Behavior of CO2-Water 19614.4.2 The Mutual Solubility of Water-Natural Gas 19814.5 Conclusion 207Acknowledgement 211References 21115 Effect of SO2 Traces on Metal Mobilization in CCS 215A. Martínez-Torrents, S. Meca, F. Clarens, M. Gonzalez-Riu and M. Rovira15.1 Introduction 21515.2 Experimental 21615.2.1 Sample Preparation 21615.2.1.1 Sandstone 21615.2.1.2 Brine 21715.2.2 Experimental Set-up 21715.2.3 Experimental Methodology 21715.3 Results and Discussion 21915.3.1 Major Components 21915.3.2 Trace Metals 22215.3.2.1 Strontium 22415.3.2.2 Manganese 22515.3.2.3 Copper 22615.3.2.4 Zinc 22615.3.2.5 Vanadium 22715.3.2.6 Lead 22715.3.3 Metal Mobilization 22815.4 Conclusions 230Acknowledgements 231References 23216 Experiments and Modeling for CO2 Capture Processes Understanding 235Yohann Coulier, William Ravisy, J-M. Andanson, Jean-Yves Coxam and Karine Ballerat-Busserolles16.1 Introduction 23616.2 Chemicals and Materials 24016.3 Vapor-Liquid Equilibria 24116.3.1 Experimental VLE of Pure Amine 24116.3.2 Experimental VLE of {Amine – H2O} System 24316.3.3 Modeling VLE 24316.4 Speciation at Equilibrium 24516.4.1 Equilibrium Measurements 1H and 13C NMR 24616.4.2 Modeling of Species Concentration 249Acknowledgment 252References 252Part IV: Molecular Simulation 25517 Kinetic Monte Carlo Molecular Simulation of Chemical Reaction Equilibria 257Braden D. Kelly and William R. SmithReferences 26118 Molecular Simulation Study on the Diffusion Mechanism of Fluid in Nanopores of Illite in Shale Gas Reservoir 263P. Guo, M.H. Zhang and H.M. Tu18.1 Introduction 26418.2 Models and Simulation Details 26518.2.1 Models and Simulation Parameters 26518.2.2 Data Processing and Computing Methods 26618.3 Results and Discussion 26818.3.1 Variation Law of Self Diffusion Coefficient 26818.3.2 Density Distribution 27018.3.3 Radial Distribution Function 27118.4 Conclusions 273Acknowledgements 274References 27519 Molecular Simulation of Reactive Absorption of CO2 in Aqueous Alkanolamine Solutions 277Weikai Qi and William R. SmithReferences 279Part V: Processes 28120 CO2 Capture from Natural Gas in LNG Production. Comparison of Low-Temperature Purification Processes and Conventional Amine Scrubbing 283Laura A. Pellegrini, Giorgia De Guido, Gabriele Lodi and Saeid Mokhatab20.1 Introduction 28420.2 Description of Process Solutions 28620.2.1 The Ryan-Holmes Process 28820.2.2 The Dual Pressure Low-Temperature Distillation Process 29020.2.3 The Chemical Absorption Process 29220.3 Methods 29520.4 Results and Discussion 29820.5 Conclusions 303Nomenclature 304Abbreviations 304Symbols 305Subscripts 305Superscripts 306Greek Symbols 306References 30621 CO2 Capture Using Deep Eutectic Solvent and Amine (MEA) Solution 309Mohammed-Ridha Mahi, Ilham Mokbel, Latifa Négadi and Jacques Jose21.1 Experimental Section 30921.2 Results and Discussion 31021.2.1 Validation of the Experimental Method 31021.2.2 Solubility of CO2 in the Solvent DES/MEA 31121.2.3 Solubility of CO2 – Comparison Between DES + MEA and DES Solvent 31321.2.4 Solubility of CO2 – Comparison Between (DES + MEA) and (H2O + MEA) Solvent 31321.5 Conclusion 315References 31522 The Impact of Thermodynamic Model Accuracy on Sizing and Operating CCS Purification and Compression Units 317S. Lasala, R. Privat and J.-N. Jaubert22.1 Introduction 31822.2 Thermodynamic Systems in CCUS Technologies 31922.2.1 Compositional Characteristics of CO2 Captured Flows 31922.2.2 Post-Combustion 32022.2.3 Oxy-Fuel Combustion 32122.2.4 Pre-Combustion 32422.3 Operating Conditions of Purification and Compression Units 32922.4 Quality Specifications of CO2 Capture Flows 33222.5 Cubic Equations of State for CCUS Fluids 33422.6 Influence of EoS Accuracy on Purification and Compression Processes 34022.7 Purification by Liquefaction 34022.8 Purification by Stripping 34722.9 Compression 35122.10 Conclusions 354Nomenclature and Acronyms 355References 357Index 361