Ann Marie Flynn, PhD, the first female Manhattan College graduate to return to the school as a full-time faculty member, served as the department chair and graduate program director during her 27-year tenure in the chemical engineering department where she received multiple awards for teaching and leadership. She used Donald Q. Kern's text almost exclusively during the 16- year period when she taught Heat Transfer, and undertook the writing of the 2nd edition to bring Kern's straight forward approach towards heat exchanger design to the next generation of engineers. Toshihiro Akashige, B.S. Chem. Eng., is a graduate from Manhattan College and currently enrolled in a PhD program for chemical and biomolecular engineering at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering. He particularly enjoyed process heat transfer class taught by Dr. Flynn and eventually joined in co-authoring this textbook with a hope that Dr. Kern's design methodology will help many other students and future engineers gain comfort in the technical knowledge of heat exchangers. Louis Theodore, MChE and EngScD, is a retired professor of chemical engineering (50 years). He is the author of several publications, including Fluid Flow for the Practicing Chemical Engineer, Thermodynamics for the Practicing Engineer, Mass Transfer Operations for the Practicing Engineer, and Air Pollution Control Equipment Calculations. Dr. Theodore is also a contributor to Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook.

"Congratulations to the authors for keeping Kern's classic heat transfer book alive and relevant. This new edition is a wonderful contribution to the chemical engineering literature. As with the classic first edition, the new book can be used as either a reference book for the practicing engineer or a textbook for the undergraduate/graduate engineering student. This book was masterfully updated by a team of experts."—Rita L. D'Aquino, Former Senior Editor of Chemical Engineering Magazine

• Table of Contents (First Edition) viiPreface to the First Edition xiiiPreface to the Second Edition xvAcknowledgement xixPart I Fundamentals and Principles 11. Introduction to Process Heat Transfer 31.1 Units and Dimensional Analysis 41.2 Key Physical Properties 101.3 Key Process Variables and Concepts 141.4 Laws of Thermodynamics 221.5 Heat-related Theories and Transfer Mechanisms 261.6 Fluid Flow and Pressure Drop Calculations 281.7 Process Heat Transfer 35Reference 402 Steady-State and Unsteady-State Heat Conduction 432.1 Flow of Heat through a Wall 462.2 Flow of Heat through a Composite Wall: Resistances in Series 502.3 Flow of Heat through a Pipe Wall 542.4 Microscopic Approach: Steady-State Conduction 632.5 Unsteady-State Heat Conduction 682.6 Microscopic Approach: Unsteady-State Conduction 71Reference 773 Forced and Free Convection 793.1 Forced Convection Principles 823.2 Convective Resistances 873.3 Heat Transfer Coefficients: Quantitative Information 893.4 Convection Heat Transfer: Microscopic Approach 1053.5 Free Convection Principles and Applications 1083.6 Environmental Applications 120Reference 1264 Radiation 1294.1 The Origin of Radiant Energy 1324.2 The Distribution of Radiant Energy 1334.3 Radiant Exchange Principles 1384.4 Kirchoff ’s Law 1394.5 Emissivity Factors and Energy Interchange 1454.6 View Factors 152Reference 157Part II – Heat Exchangers 1595. The Heat Transfer Equation 1615.1 Heat Exchanger Equipment Classification 1625.2 Energy Relationships 1635.3 The Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) Driving Force 1665.4 The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 1835.5 The Heat Transfer Equation 208Reference 2166 Double Pipe Heat Exchangers 2176.1 Equipment Description and Details 2186.2 Key Describing Equations 2256.3 Pressure Drop in Pipes and Pipe Annuli 2446.4 Calculation of Exit Temperatures 2516.5 Open-Ended Problems 2546.6 Kern’s Design Methodology 262Reference 2867 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 2877.1 Equipment Description and Details 2887.2 Key Describing Equations 3057.3 Open-Ended Problems 3317.4 Kern’s Design Methodology 3377.5 Other Design Procedures and Applications 3487.6 Computer Aided Heat Exchanger Design 370Reference 3778 Finned heat Exchangers 3798.1 Fin Details 3808.2 Equipment Description 3868.3 Key Describing Equations 3888.4 Fin Effectiveness and Performance 3968.5 Kern’s Design Methodology 4168.6 Other Fin Considerations 430Reference 4329 Other Heat Exchangers 4339.1 Condensers 4359.2 Evaporators 4479.3 Boilers and Furnace 4669.4 Waste Heat Boilers 4769.5 Quenchers 4849.6 Cogeneration/Combined Heat and Power 4889.7 Cooling towers 4949.8 Heat pipes 504Reference 506Part III – Peripheral Topics 50910 Other Heat Transfer Considerations 51110.1 Insulation and Refractory 51210.2 Refrigeration and Cryogenics 52910.3 Instrumentation and Controls 54210.4 Batch and Unsteady-state Processes 55110.5 Operation, Maintenance and Inspection (OM & I) 55810.6 Economics and Finance 565Reference 58111. Entropy Considerations and Analysis 58511.1 Qualitative Review of the Second Law 58611.2 Describing Equations 58711.3 The Heat Exchanger Dilemma 59111.4 Application to a Heat Exchanger Network 599Reference 602Chapter 12 – Health and Safety Concerns 60312.1 Definitions 60712.2 Legislation 61612.3 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) 61912.4 Health Risk versus Hazard Risk 62412.5 Health Risk Assessment 62512.6 Hazard Risk Assessment 636Reference 646Appendix 649AT.1 Conversion Constants 641AT.2 Steam Tables 653AT.3 Properties of Water (Saturated Liquid) 662AT.4 Properties of Air at 1 atm 664AT.5 Properties of Selected Liquids at 1 atm and 20°C (68°F) 665AT.6 Properties of Selected Gases at 1 atm and 20.°C (68.°F) 667AT.7 Dimensions, Capacities, and Weights of Standard Steel Pipes 669AT.8 Dimensions of Heat Exchanger Tubes 671AT.9 Tube-Sheet Layouts (Tube Counts) on a Square Pitch 673AT.10 Tube-Sheet Layouts (Tube Counts) on a Triangular Pitch 675AT.11 Approximate Design Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients (Btu/hr∙ft2.°F) 678AT.12 Approximate Design Fouling Coefficient Factors (hr∙ft2.°F/Btu) 679FiguresAF.1 Fanning Friction Factor (f) vs. Reynolds Number (Re) Plot 683AF.2 Psychometric Chart: Low Temperatures: Barometric Pressure, 29.92 in. Hg. 684AF.3 Psychometric Chart: High Temperatures: Barometric Pressure, 29.92 in. Hg. 685Index 000

Ann Marie Flynn, PhD, the first female Manhattan College graduate to return to the school as a full-time faculty member, served as the department chair and graduate program director during her 27-year tenure in the chemical engineering department where she received multiple awards for teaching and leadership. She used Donald Q. Kern's text almost exclusively during the 16- year period when she taught Heat Transfer, and undertook the writing of the 2nd edition to bring Kern's straight forward approach towards heat exchanger design to the next generation of engineers. Toshihiro Akashige, B.S. Chem. Eng., is a graduate from Manhattan College and currently enrolled in a PhD program for chemical and biomolecular engineering at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering. He particularly enjoyed process heat transfer class taught by Dr. Flynn and eventually joined in co-authoring this textbook with a hope that Dr. Kern's design methodology will help many other students and future engineers gain comfort in the technical knowledge of heat exchangers. Louis Theodore, MChE and EngScD, is a retired professor of chemical engineering (50 years). He is the author of several publications, including Fluid Flow for the Practicing Chemical Engineer, Thermodynamics for the Practicing Engineer, Mass Transfer Operations for the Practicing Engineer, and Air Pollution Control Equipment Calculations. Dr. Theodore is also a contributor to Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook.

"Congratulations to the authors for keeping Kern's classic heat transfer book alive and relevant. This new edition is a wonderful contribution to the chemical engineering literature. As with the classic first edition, the new book can be used as either a reference book for the practicing engineer or a textbook for the undergraduate/graduate engineering student. This book was masterfully updated by a team of experts."—Rita L. D'Aquino, Former Senior Editor of Chemical Engineering Magazine

• Table of Contents (First Edition) viiPreface to the First Edition xiiiPreface to the Second Edition xvAcknowledgement xixPart I Fundamentals and Principles 11. Introduction to Process Heat Transfer 31.1 Units and Dimensional Analysis 41.2 Key Physical Properties 101.3 Key Process Variables and Concepts 141.4 Laws of Thermodynamics 221.5 Heat-related Theories and Transfer Mechanisms 261.6 Fluid Flow and Pressure Drop Calculations 281.7 Process Heat Transfer 35Reference 402 Steady-State and Unsteady-State Heat Conduction 432.1 Flow of Heat through a Wall 462.2 Flow of Heat through a Composite Wall: Resistances in Series 502.3 Flow of Heat through a Pipe Wall 542.4 Microscopic Approach: Steady-State Conduction 632.5 Unsteady-State Heat Conduction 682.6 Microscopic Approach: Unsteady-State Conduction 71Reference 773 Forced and Free Convection 793.1 Forced Convection Principles 823.2 Convective Resistances 873.3 Heat Transfer Coefficients: Quantitative Information 893.4 Convection Heat Transfer: Microscopic Approach 1053.5 Free Convection Principles and Applications 1083.6 Environmental Applications 120Reference 1264 Radiation 1294.1 The Origin of Radiant Energy 1324.2 The Distribution of Radiant Energy 1334.3 Radiant Exchange Principles 1384.4 Kirchoff ’s Law 1394.5 Emissivity Factors and Energy Interchange 1454.6 View Factors 152Reference 157Part II – Heat Exchangers 1595. The Heat Transfer Equation 1615.1 Heat Exchanger Equipment Classification 1625.2 Energy Relationships 1635.3 The Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) Driving Force 1665.4 The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 1835.5 The Heat Transfer Equation 208Reference 2166 Double Pipe Heat Exchangers 2176.1 Equipment Description and Details 2186.2 Key Describing Equations 2256.3 Pressure Drop in Pipes and Pipe Annuli 2446.4 Calculation of Exit Temperatures 2516.5 Open-Ended Problems 2546.6 Kern’s Design Methodology 262Reference 2867 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 2877.1 Equipment Description and Details 2887.2 Key Describing Equations 3057.3 Open-Ended Problems 3317.4 Kern’s Design Methodology 3377.5 Other Design Procedures and Applications 3487.6 Computer Aided Heat Exchanger Design 370Reference 3778 Finned heat Exchangers 3798.1 Fin Details 3808.2 Equipment Description 3868.3 Key Describing Equations 3888.4 Fin Effectiveness and Performance 3968.5 Kern’s Design Methodology 4168.6 Other Fin Considerations 430Reference 4329 Other Heat Exchangers 4339.1 Condensers 4359.2 Evaporators 4479.3 Boilers and Furnace 4669.4 Waste Heat Boilers 4769.5 Quenchers 4849.6 Cogeneration/Combined Heat and Power 4889.7 Cooling towers 4949.8 Heat pipes 504Reference 506Part III – Peripheral Topics 50910 Other Heat Transfer Considerations 51110.1 Insulation and Refractory 51210.2 Refrigeration and Cryogenics 52910.3 Instrumentation and Controls 54210.4 Batch and Unsteady-state Processes 55110.5 Operation, Maintenance and Inspection (OM & I) 55810.6 Economics and Finance 565Reference 58111. Entropy Considerations and Analysis 58511.1 Qualitative Review of the Second Law 58611.2 Describing Equations 58711.3 The Heat Exchanger Dilemma 59111.4 Application to a Heat Exchanger Network 599Reference 602Chapter 12 – Health and Safety Concerns 60312.1 Definitions 60712.2 Legislation 61612.3 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) 61912.4 Health Risk versus Hazard Risk 62412.5 Health Risk Assessment 62512.6 Hazard Risk Assessment 636Reference 646Appendix 649AT.1 Conversion Constants 641AT.2 Steam Tables 653AT.3 Properties of Water (Saturated Liquid) 662AT.4 Properties of Air at 1 atm 664AT.5 Properties of Selected Liquids at 1 atm and 20°C (68°F) 665AT.6 Properties of Selected Gases at 1 atm and 20.°C (68.°F) 667AT.7 Dimensions, Capacities, and Weights of Standard Steel Pipes 669AT.8 Dimensions of Heat Exchanger Tubes 671AT.9 Tube-Sheet Layouts (Tube Counts) on a Square Pitch 673AT.10 Tube-Sheet Layouts (Tube Counts) on a Triangular Pitch 675AT.11 Approximate Design Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients (Btu/hr∙ft2.°F) 678AT.12 Approximate Design Fouling Coefficient Factors (hr∙ft2.°F/Btu) 679FiguresAF.1 Fanning Friction Factor (f) vs. Reynolds Number (Re) Plot 683AF.2 Psychometric Chart: Low Temperatures: Barometric Pressure, 29.92 in. Hg. 684AF.3 Psychometric Chart: High Temperatures: Barometric Pressure, 29.92 in. Hg. 685Index 000

Ann Marie Flynn, PhD, the first female Manhattan College graduate to return to the school as a full-time faculty member, served as the department chair and graduate program director during her 27-year tenure in the chemical engineering department where she received multiple awards for teaching and leadership. She used Donald Q. Kern's text almost exclusively during the 16- year period when she taught Heat Transfer, and undertook the writing of the 2nd edition to bring Kern's straight forward approach towards heat exchanger design to the next generation of engineers. Toshihiro Akashige, B.S. Chem. Eng., is a graduate from Manhattan College and currently enrolled in a PhD program for chemical and biomolecular engineering at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering. He particularly enjoyed process heat transfer class taught by Dr. Flynn and eventually joined in co-authoring this textbook with a hope that Dr. Kern's design methodology will help many other students and future engineers gain comfort in the technical knowledge of heat exchangers. Louis Theodore, MChE and EngScD, is a retired professor of chemical engineering (50 years). He is the author of several publications, including Fluid Flow for the Practicing Chemical Engineer, Thermodynamics for the Practicing Engineer, Mass Transfer Operations for the Practicing Engineer, and Air Pollution Control Equipment Calculations. Dr. Theodore is also a contributor to Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook.

"Congratulations to the authors for keeping Kern's classic heat transfer book alive and relevant. This new edition is a wonderful contribution to the chemical engineering literature. As with the classic first edition, the new book can be used as either a reference book for the practicing engineer or a textbook for the undergraduate/graduate engineering student. This book was masterfully updated by a team of experts."—Rita L. D'Aquino, Former Senior Editor of Chemical Engineering Magazine

• Table of Contents (First Edition) viiPreface to the First Edition xiiiPreface to the Second Edition xvAcknowledgement xixPart I Fundamentals and Principles 11. Introduction to Process Heat Transfer 31.1 Units and Dimensional Analysis 41.2 Key Physical Properties 101.3 Key Process Variables and Concepts 141.4 Laws of Thermodynamics 221.5 Heat-related Theories and Transfer Mechanisms 261.6 Fluid Flow and Pressure Drop Calculations 281.7 Process Heat Transfer 35Reference 402 Steady-State and Unsteady-State Heat Conduction 432.1 Flow of Heat through a Wall 462.2 Flow of Heat through a Composite Wall: Resistances in Series 502.3 Flow of Heat through a Pipe Wall 542.4 Microscopic Approach: Steady-State Conduction 632.5 Unsteady-State Heat Conduction 682.6 Microscopic Approach: Unsteady-State Conduction 71Reference 773 Forced and Free Convection 793.1 Forced Convection Principles 823.2 Convective Resistances 873.3 Heat Transfer Coefficients: Quantitative Information 893.4 Convection Heat Transfer: Microscopic Approach 1053.5 Free Convection Principles and Applications 1083.6 Environmental Applications 120Reference 1264 Radiation 1294.1 The Origin of Radiant Energy 1324.2 The Distribution of Radiant Energy 1334.3 Radiant Exchange Principles 1384.4 Kirchoff ’s Law 1394.5 Emissivity Factors and Energy Interchange 1454.6 View Factors 152Reference 157Part II – Heat Exchangers 1595. The Heat Transfer Equation 1615.1 Heat Exchanger Equipment Classification 1625.2 Energy Relationships 1635.3 The Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) Driving Force 1665.4 The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 1835.5 The Heat Transfer Equation 208Reference 2166 Double Pipe Heat Exchangers 2176.1 Equipment Description and Details 2186.2 Key Describing Equations 2256.3 Pressure Drop in Pipes and Pipe Annuli 2446.4 Calculation of Exit Temperatures 2516.5 Open-Ended Problems 2546.6 Kern’s Design Methodology 262Reference 2867 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 2877.1 Equipment Description and Details 2887.2 Key Describing Equations 3057.3 Open-Ended Problems 3317.4 Kern’s Design Methodology 3377.5 Other Design Procedures and Applications 3487.6 Computer Aided Heat Exchanger Design 370Reference 3778 Finned heat Exchangers 3798.1 Fin Details 3808.2 Equipment Description 3868.3 Key Describing Equations 3888.4 Fin Effectiveness and Performance 3968.5 Kern’s Design Methodology 4168.6 Other Fin Considerations 430Reference 4329 Other Heat Exchangers 4339.1 Condensers 4359.2 Evaporators 4479.3 Boilers and Furnace 4669.4 Waste Heat Boilers 4769.5 Quenchers 4849.6 Cogeneration/Combined Heat and Power 4889.7 Cooling towers 4949.8 Heat pipes 504Reference 506Part III – Peripheral Topics 50910 Other Heat Transfer Considerations 51110.1 Insulation and Refractory 51210.2 Refrigeration and Cryogenics 52910.3 Instrumentation and Controls 54210.4 Batch and Unsteady-state Processes 55110.5 Operation, Maintenance and Inspection (OM & I) 55810.6 Economics and Finance 565Reference 58111. Entropy Considerations and Analysis 58511.1 Qualitative Review of the Second Law 58611.2 Describing Equations 58711.3 The Heat Exchanger Dilemma 59111.4 Application to a Heat Exchanger Network 599Reference 602Chapter 12 – Health and Safety Concerns 60312.1 Definitions 60712.2 Legislation 61612.3 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) 61912.4 Health Risk versus Hazard Risk 62412.5 Health Risk Assessment 62512.6 Hazard Risk Assessment 636Reference 646Appendix 649AT.1 Conversion Constants 641AT.2 Steam Tables 653AT.3 Properties of Water (Saturated Liquid) 662AT.4 Properties of Air at 1 atm 664AT.5 Properties of Selected Liquids at 1 atm and 20°C (68°F) 665AT.6 Properties of Selected Gases at 1 atm and 20.°C (68.°F) 667AT.7 Dimensions, Capacities, and Weights of Standard Steel Pipes 669AT.8 Dimensions of Heat Exchanger Tubes 671AT.9 Tube-Sheet Layouts (Tube Counts) on a Square Pitch 673AT.10 Tube-Sheet Layouts (Tube Counts) on a Triangular Pitch 675AT.11 Approximate Design Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients (Btu/hr∙ft2.°F) 678AT.12 Approximate Design Fouling Coefficient Factors (hr∙ft2.°F/Btu) 679FiguresAF.1 Fanning Friction Factor (f) vs. Reynolds Number (Re) Plot 683AF.2 Psychometric Chart: Low Temperatures: Barometric Pressure, 29.92 in. Hg. 684AF.3 Psychometric Chart: High Temperatures: Barometric Pressure, 29.92 in. Hg. 685Index 000